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1、,English Academic Writing for Graduate Students,Unit Seven,Abstract To become aware of the use of verbs and tenses in an abstract; To learn how to provide keywords in an abstract; To understand reference styles; To write an abstract and create a reference list.,Learning Objectives,Unit Seven,Where c
2、an you find an abstract in a thesis or dissertation? What is the purpose of writing an abstract? What are the basic elements for an academic abstract? What language problems may you have in abstract writing? (For example, the wording problem, the tense problem, the voice problem, etc.),I. Warm-up,Un
3、it Seven,1. What is the most suitable subject for the sample abstract? Computer Science B. Civil Engineering C. Applied Linguistics D. Chemistry Industry,II. Sample Reading,Unit Seven,2. Answer the following questions based on the sample abstract. 1) How was the study carried out? Using a move struc
4、ture analysis, four moves were identified to account for the different rhetorical purposes employed by writers of preface sections to create a niche and establish the importance of their textbooks. 2) What did the study find? It found the textual strategies used by writers to achieve the rhetorical
5、purposes of the preface sections.,II. Sample Reading,Unit Seven,2. Answer the following questions based on the sample abstract. 3) What is the use of the findings? These findings could be incorporated into instructional literature for writers wishing to start book projects. These findings may also b
6、e helpful for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in selecting materials for their classrooms based on their external evaluation of academic textbooks.,II. Sample Reading,Unit Seven,3. Match the information elements of an abstract in the box with the following sentences taken from the sampl
7、e abstract. _1) This paper presents a genre analysis of the preface section in academic textbooks, specifically twenty-two preface sections from the closely-related fields of linguistics and applied linguistics.,II. Sample Reading,a b,Unit Seven,_2) With the adoption of the move structure analysis p
8、roposed by Swales (1990) and Bhatia (1993), four moves were identified to account for the different rhetorical purposes employed by writers of preface sections to create a niche and establish the importance of their textbooks. These moves comprise: establishing the needs of the readership, establish
9、ing their orientations like purpose and audiences, outlining of the scope of the chapters, and finally acknowledgments. _3) This move structure reflects the textual strategies used by writers to achieve the rhetorical purposes of the preface sections. _4) It is suggested that these findings could be
10、 incorporated into instructional literature for writers wishing to start book projects, and that they may also be helpful for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in selecting materials for their classrooms based on their external evaluation of academic textbooks.,II. Sample Reading,e,f g,c
11、d,Unit Seven,4. In order to increase the probability that a paper will be read and retrieved, it is necessary to select 35 keywords from categories like discipline, topic, location, methods, and data so that they can potentially improve citation counts and journal impacts. Look at the keywords in th
12、e sample abstract and decide what categories they belong to.,II. Sample Reading,Unit Seven,II. Sample Reading,Background and Subject,Background and Subject,Material and Method,Finding,Material and Method & Finding,Unit Seven,1. Read the sample abstract and find out the verbs and the sentence pattern
13、s. An example has been given for you.,III. Language Focus,investigate,evaluate,show,suggest,enhance,were investigated.,was evaluated by,Althoughshowed, showed,suggests,This work enhances,Unit Seven,2. Read sample abstract 2 again and check the verb tenses in it.,III. Language Focus,the simple presen
14、t tense,the simple present tense,the simple present tense,the simple past tense,the simple past tense,The electrical and piezo-resistive responses of recycled carbon fiber (RCF)-reinforced concrete are analyzed in this article.,Although both plain and RCF-reinforced concrete samples showed piezo-res
15、istive responses, the latter showed increased signal-to-noise-ratio and thus behaved like self-sensing materials.,The electrical behavior suggests a mixed control owing to both ionic and electronic conductivity, with the dominant one depending on the RCF content and RCF dispersion.,This work enhance
16、s the possibility of generalizing the use of smart cementitious materials in thecivilengineering industry.,Two different PAN-based RCFs (monofilament RCF and fibrillated RCF sheets) incorporated into dry concrete mix were investigated. Piezo-resistivity was evaluated by simultaneously monitoring the
17、 variation in the applied DC voltage during both flexural and compressive tests.,Unit Seven,A. Preparing for Writing an Abstract Rearrange the following statements to form a reasonable process of writing an abstract. 1) Identify the major results from the discussion or results section. 2) Check to s
18、ee if it meets the guidelines of the targeted journal. 1 3) Identify the major objectives and conclusions. 4) Remove extra words and phrases. 5) Identify phrases with keywords in the method section. 6) Assemble the above information into a single paragraph in a right information order with appropria
19、te verbs, tenses, and sentence patterns. 8 7) Give the abstract to a colleague (preferably one who is not familiar with your work) and ask him/her whether it makes sense. 8) Revise the paragraph so that the abstract conveys only the essential information.,IV. Academic Writing Skills,3,7,5,2,4,6,Unit
20、 Seven,B. Outlining an Abstract The following paper is finished without an abstract and the keywords. Read the paper and find the related statements to fill in the table that follows the paper.,IV. Academic Writing Skills,Unit Seven,IV. Academic Writing Skills,With the development of Information Tec
21、hnology, the Internet is accessible to all, especially to the students. Based on the network, English teaching is changing greatly, which is not simply with textbooks, chalk and blackboard, but with multimedia, various apps and other tools.,To study the network-based English phonetics teaching mode
22、for English majors.,By selecting college English majors of 2017 in Anhui Institute of Information Technology as the subjects of the teaching experiment, the author collects and analyzes the data.,It has been found that the students who have learned on the net have better English pronunciation than t
23、hose learning in the traditional mode.,The author suggests that teachers use the network-based teaching mode to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.,Unit One,C. Drafting an Abstract Together with Keywords. Draft an abstract together with keywords for the paper based on the table above
24、.,IV. Academic Writing Skills,AbstractWith the development of Information Technology, the Internet is accessible to all, especially to the students. Based on the network, English teaching is changing greatly, which is not simply with textbooks, chalk and blackboard, but with multimedia, various apps
25、 and other tools. As to the network-based English phonetics teaching mode for English majors, the background of the subjects, the steps of the network-based teaching mode and the theoretical basis are introduced firstly. By selecting college English majors of 2017 in Anhui Institute of Information T
26、echnology as the subjects of the teaching experiment, the author collects and analyzes the data. It has been found that the students who have learned on the net have better English pronunciation than those learning in the traditional mode. Thus, the author suggests that teachers use the network-base
27、d teaching mode to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Keywords: Network-based teaching mode, phonetics, teaching experiment,Unit Seven,D. Making a Reference List. Decide whether the following statements are true or false based on the passage above.,IV. Academic Writing Skills,1) You
28、 neednt list all your references at the end of the reference list. ( ) 2) The materials you have paraphrased cant be regarded as the references. ( ) 3) A reference can be used to avoid plagiarism. ( ) 4) A reference list can help readers to locate the materials that have been referred to. ( ) 5) A good reference must be authoritative but not up-to-date. ( ) 6) IEEE style is widely used in computer science while MLA style is especially used in social sciences. ( ),F,F,T,F,T,T,Thanks,School of Foreign Languages Southeast University,