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1、,Why Historians Disagree,Allen F. Davis at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Zimmermann (Sent January 19, 1
2、917),Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II (A+B): Argumentation,Historians select and create evidence by using of some theories of human motivation and behavior. (paras. 6-7) Guided by different theories, historians select different facts and interpret facts differently, coming to different conclu
3、sions. (paras. 8-10),Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II (B): Words & Expressions,relevant vs. related the choice as to admittedly resolve the event/question under study cause the balance of power to sbs disadvantage,thereby, whereby make of stem from concern with in short maintain give equal to
4、 weight be the key to,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,What is the main idea of para. 11? Is it true that in analyzing causes of historical events the further back one traces, the better? Explain: Historians sometimes disagree because they are not really discussing the same matter. The point at which
5、 causes are both necessary and sufficient is not self-evident.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II (C): Discussion,Why are you late? Overslept I stayed up cramming for the exam. I missed too many classes. I didnt like the class. ,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,To illustrate the point, the autho
6、rs use an analogy.,The cause of the Civil War Open fire at Fort Sumter? Slavery the Compromise of 1850 the militant abolitionist movement of the 1830s the Missouri Compromise the conflict over slavery in the constitutional convention Introduction of blacks to America in 1619,premise realm be faulted
7、 on the grounds that reach the point where/at which probe dig deeper go too far back to tell enough to trace the cause,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II (C): Words & Expressions,What does it mean when the authors say that historians often disagree with themselves? Can we eliminate all disagree
8、ments? Why not? Why is it important to know why historians disagree? Why do the authors say being able to see truth as “an elusive yet intriguing goal in a never-ending quest” will make students appreciate the study of history?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part III: Discussion,Paraphrase If the s
9、tate of our knowledge were such that it provided us with a model of unquestioned validity that completely explained human behavior, we can. (para. 13) If our knowledge of human beings and the world is thorough and advanced enough to give us a model that can explain human behavior completely and can
10、work under any circumstances, disagreements in history can be eliminated. Unfortunately such a model has never existed.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part III: Exercise,Unit 11,Reinforcement,Discussion,Why Historians Disagree,The title of the text is “Why Historians Disagree.” Do you think that th
11、e analyses only apply to historians? Why do people disagree in general? Why do historians disagree? What controversies have excited Chinese or foreign historians concerning either ancient or recent history? Describe one and explain the causes of the controversy. How do the authors achieve smooth transition between paragraphs?,Reinforcement,Discussion,