1、第三章第三章 代词代词 o 1代词的分类o 2.人称代词o 3.物主代词o 4.指示代词o 5.反身代词o 6.不定代词o 7.相互代词o 8.疑问代词o 9.关系代词o10.连接代词 1代词的分类 o一般而言,代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词（详见下表）。（2）She(her)可用来代表国家、城市、船舶、飞机、真理、科学、自然等，以表示感情色彩。例如：China is a developing country.She will always take sides with the Third World.The greate
2、st friend of truth is time,her greatest enemy is prejudice,and her constant companion is humility.真理最好的朋友是时间，它最大的敌人是偏见，它永恒的伴侣是谦虚。o（3）人称代词成对使用或与名词及其他代词搭配使用时，它们的排列顺序要符合习惯，例如：You,he and I have been invited to the opening ceremony.你，他和我已经被邀请参加开业典礼。You,Tom and I will take the responsibility of carrying o
3、ut the plan.你，汤姆和我将承担执行计划的责任。He,I and other students received the invitation.他，我和其他学生接到了邀请。2.2 it的用法（参见第二十六章）o（1）用来指代小孩和婴儿以及刚提到的人或事物、未知的人或物。例如：Mary has just had a baby and it is a boy.o（2）用来指代时间、天气、季节、距离等。例如：It has been five years since I saw him last.Its windy today.Its about half an hours walk fro
4、m here to the lake.2.人称代词 2.1 人称代词的一些要点（1）人称代词要与其所指代的词在人称和数上保持一致。例如：A good song lends comfort to people,so that they feel less lonely.如人称代词后面接定语从句，其从句的谓语动词必须与前面的代词保持一致，例如：They,who are my classmates,will support me at any time.I,who am a student,will devote myself to the construction of our country i
5、n the future.o（3）充当形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式短语、动名词短语或从句。例如：It is comparatively difficult to finish the project in one year.Its no good arguing with her.o（4）用在强调句中强调除谓语动词以外的其他成分。例如：It was he who had committed such crime.It was on Sunday that I came across one of my classmates in the street.3.物主代词 o物主代词分为名词性物主代词
6、和形容词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词有：my,your,his,her,its,our,their;形容词性物主代词有：mine,yours,his,ours,theirs（1）名词性物主代词可以单独使用，在句中充当主语、表语、宾语。例如：This is your pencil.Mine is over there.I lost my eraser.Could you lend me yours?形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能放在名词前充当定语修饰名词。例如：During the examination,everyone must finish his paper in two hour
7、s.（2）名词性物主代词可以与of连用作定语。这种结构一般用于表示部分概念或者感情色彩。例如：Playing football is the happiest thing of theirs.Ernest Hemingway is the favourite author of mine.（3）当物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。例如：I went to Beijing with all my classmates.These reference books are all mine.（4）物主代词使用中要保持数和人称的一致。例如：In its own way,m
8、athematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry.数学以其自身的方式可以像诗歌一样具有创造性和令人激动。4.指示代词 指示代词主要有：用于指距离较近的this（单数）或these（复数）；用于指距离较远的that（单数）或those（复数）；用于指代其他的such等。（1）指代下文要叙述的事情时只能用this而不能用that。例如：“Ive passed the exam.”“This(That)is very great.”（2）that和those可以用来指代上文提到的名词。those代替复数名词，that代替单数名词，一般而言多用t
9、hat of 和those of结构。例如：The taste of Sichuan cuisine is totally different from that of Huaiyang cuisine.No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.（3）such作为指示代词在句中多充当主语。例如：Such was my immediate impression.这就是我当时的最初印象。Such is the truth.真相就是如此。5.反身代词（1）反身代词在句子中可以充当宾语、表语和同位语。例如：He
10、bought himself some CDs when summer vocation began.（宾语）The people who want this product are themselves.（表语）She did the work all by herself.（介词宾语）I dont need the camera itself,just the lenses.(同位语)（2）反身代词作宾语也常用于某些固定搭配和习语中。例如：You must pull yourself together.你必须克制自己。Please help yourself！请随便吧！Make yours
11、elf at home！别客气！Dont upset yourself!别自寻烦恼！（3）反身代词常和某些动词连用构成固定搭配，这些动词主要有：enjoy,help,pride,apply,adapt,behave,avail,absent,lose等。例如 He soon lost himself in the pleasure of the game.We avail ourselves of this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to you.The teacher told the naughty boy to beha
12、ve himself.He absented himself from the meeting.（4）反身代词也可以跟在介词之后表示多种意义Ill show you the method and you should do it by yourself.You should work out the problem for yourself.When you teach people to draw,you are teaching them to look,which is in itself very worthwhile.Hearing the news,he was beside hi
13、mself.He had all the delicious food to himself.6.不定代词 6.1 both/either/neitherboth,either,neither涉及的对象都是两者。both指“两者都”，其谓语动词要用复数形式；either和neither分别指“两者中任何一个”和“两者都不”，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Both of them are from China.他们两人都来自中国。Neither is convincing.两者都不能让人信服。6.2 all/each/every all意思是“全体、所有”。如果它所指的对象是可数名词，谓语动词用复
14、数形式；如果所指的对象是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。each意思是“各自，每人”，着眼点在个体。every,everything,everybody(everyone)及其复合词表示三个或三个以上的人或物，强调的是整体。例如：Each has his own duty.He examined every word in the letter.All that is needed is a continuous supply of fuel oil6.3 one/it(人称代词)one用来代替上文提到名词，具有泛指性质。one所代替的都是可数名词，复数形式ones（带定语时用），不带定语时用
15、some。而it指代但是可数名词或不可数名词，具有特指性质，其复数形式为them。例如：I havent a dictionary but I am going to buy one(或some).I prefer the black one.Tom has a red pencil and two blue ones.6.4 none/no one/nobody/nothing none表示人或物，意思是“无任何（一个）”，谓语动词用单数或复数；它也可以指代不可数名词。Nothing指物，后接单数动词，被形容词修饰时，形容词放在其后。例如：None of my friends knew ab
16、out the plot because it was secret.None of the furniture gets wet.It is nothing serious.No one told me that he was wrong.6.5 some/any/no/every(thing,one,body等)（1）something,anything,nothing,everything等被形容词修饰时，该形容词位于上述代词的后面，例如：“Have you got anything new?”“No,nothing special.”Im looking for something d
17、ifferent.Why are you still in bed when theres nothing wrong with you?（2）somebody和nobody可分别表示“重要人物”和“无名小卒”；something of a/an 表示“颇有几分，堪称”。例如：somebodies and nobodies 大人物与小人物 She was something of a beauty when she was young.她年轻时堪称美人。Hes something of an expert on growing vegetables.他算得上是位种蔬菜的专家。6.6 much/
18、many/most（1）much指代不可数名词；many指代可数名词；most是much和many的最高级，指“大部分，大多数，”指代可数或不可数名词。例如：She spent most of her time practicing her oral English.This is the most I can do for you.（2）not much of a/an表示“不怎么样的”例如：Simon is not much of a footballer but you cant fault his motivation.6.7 other/the other/others/the ot
19、hers/another这些词的用法大体可归纳如下：单数 复数 泛指 another（另外一个，再一个）作定语 作主语或宾语 other(people)others 特指the other(另外那个)the other(people)the others 例如：Please give another example to illustrate your opinion.请再举一个例子来说明你的观点（泛指）Ill come to see you at another time.我改日再来看你。（泛指）One of them was a boy,the others were girls.他们当中
20、一个是男孩，其余全是女孩。（特指）6.8 不定代词与其他词构成的固定搭配 常用的固定搭配有：anything but(根本不，决不)，nothing but(仅仅，不外乎)，all but(几乎，除之外全)，none but(仅仅)，none other than(不是别人，正是)，something of a/an(有几分)，等。例如：Henry is anything but a scholar.Nothing but a miracle can save her now.None but the brave deserve(s)the fair.惟有勇者才有资格获得美女的青睐。7.相互代
21、词 相互代词只有each other和one another两个。each other表示两者之间的关系，one They didnt know each others address.We should help each other and learn from each other.The leaders shook hands with one another.8.疑问代词 疑问代词包括：what,who,whom,whose,which(1)who,whom只能用于指人，what,which和whose可指人或物，what和who一般表示泛指,which表示特指。例如：What bo
22、ok do you like best?你喜欢什么书？（泛指）Which book do you like best?你喜欢那一本书？（特指）Who can do it?谁能做？（泛指）(2)who,whom,which,what的强调形式是whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,表示说话者的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感情色彩。例如：Whichever do you prefer?Whatever does he want?9.关系代词 关系代词用来引导定语从句，主要有who,whom,whose,what,which,that,as等，它们既指代所修饰的名词或（代词）
23、又在从句中担任一定成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如：The man who was in black was a famous professor.The lady whose handbag is yellow is waiting at the entrance.The train that/which has passed is an express.10.连接代词（1）疑问代词都可用作连接代词，来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。例如：What we need is not money,but time.我们需要的不是金钱而是时间。Do you know whose notebo
24、ok it is?你知道这是谁的手提电脑吗？The question is who(m)we should trust?问题是我们应当信任谁？（2）连接代词what兼有先行项和关系代词的性质，表示the thing(s)that/which的意思，来引导一个名词从句。例如：What she said is important.（主语从句）Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today.（宾语从句）This is what they discussed at the meeting.（表语从句）He is no longer what he
25、used to be.（表语从句）I was very impressed by what I saw there.（介词宾语从句）（3）连接代词what,who(m),which可以和ever构成复合词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。ever起强调作用，有“一切、任何”之意。例如：Whatever we do is to serve the people.（主语从句）Do whatever you like.（宾语从句）You can sign up for whichever course you prefer.（介词宾语从句）You may dance with whomever you li
26、ke.（介词宾语从句）练习答案与解析1.A.答案A为了避免重复用名词性物主代词mine 表示my car。英语中同时提到别人和自己时，习惯把他人放在自己的前面。2.C.人称代词主格he用在强调句,he 在被强调部分作主语。3.B.it在这里做形式宾语。4.A.还原过来为it takes what to start and run a company.此处“to start and run a company”作 为一个整体，it是其形式主语,动词也用单数takes。5.D.other 泛指其他的；the other 表示两者中的另外一个；others 为复数；another 表示另外一个，这里
27、相当于another person。6.B.that pen of hers表厌恶的情绪。7.B.which哪一个。8.D.从句意可判断此处应该用一个表示否定意义的代词，而只有none后面可接of。9.D.it指代milk,milk为不可数名词。10.A.bread 为不可数名词，此处用that 来代指，而one只可代指可数名词；earned by his own labor是过去分词短语做定语修饰that。11.B.whom指代人，且在从句中担任宾语。12.D.此句意为“耐心和建议胜于药”，patience 为不可数名词前面用a little 修饰,words 为可数名词前面用a few。1
28、3.B.more interesting than any other比任何其 他的都有趣。14.D.“something of a+职业名词”表示“有点像”，“在某种意义(或程度)上是”。15.A.none but“除了.什么都没有，只有，仅仅”。16.D.四个词组的意思分别为：all but除了.其余都.；everything but除了；nothing but只有，仅仅anything but 根本不，决不。这句话的意思是：我承认这间房子有点小，但是它决不闷。17.B.most后可直接跟名词，而most of后的名词前要有定冠词或物主代词。18.D.whoever不管谁。19.A.all
29、后接定语从句用that引导。20.B.another 表示另外一个。21.C.因为neither用于否定两者，所以可以肯定这里有两方，而只有the other可表示两者中的另一个。22.B.neither of them是对两者的否定，后面动词用单数；而both of them动词用复数。23.C.晚宴不如他向我们所承诺的那么好。as引导定语从句。24.D.much指代不可数名词。25.B.not much of a/an+职业名词”表示“不怎么样的”。句意为“他做医生不怎么样”。26.B.pride oneself on是习惯搭配，意为“以.为豪，为而骄傲”。27.C.which引导非限定性定语从句。28.B.what 引导名词从句，作in的宾语。29.B.连接代词what兼有先行项和关系代词的性质，表示the thing(s)that/which的意思，来引导一个名词从句。30.D.none of us had any money on us 我们没有一个人身上带了钱。
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