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1、,Unit2 Grammar and Usage,Noun Clauses,Subject Object Appositive Predicative,Clauses,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,that, whether, if, as if/as though,when, where, how, why,状语,主语、宾语,不充当从句的任何成分,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,What was he doing
2、? His father was surprised.,subject clause 主语从句,Whats your first impression of him? I want to know.,object clause 宾语从句,How did Alice respond to Toms proposal(求婚)? I have no idea.,appositive clause 同位语从句,How can I make a grammar lesson interesting? That is my question.,predicative clause 表语从句,Noun Cl
3、auses Introduced by Question Words,Southerners find it difficult to understand what northerners are saying.,Southerners find it difficult to understand what are northerners saying.,2. The word order of the noun clause is that of a statement.(陈述句),1. What、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why、how,I don
4、t care who you are.,I dont care what you did.,How you got me blind is still a mystery.,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,2. The word order of the noun clause is that of a statement .(陈述句),3. Question words act as certain sentence elements(成分) in the clauses.,1. What、which、who、whom、whose、when
5、、where、why、how,Dont care what is written in your history.,2. The word order of the noun clause is that of a statement .(陈述句),3. Question words act as certain sentence elements (成分) in the clauses.,4. Question words cant be left out in noun clauses in any cases.,1. What、which、who、whom、whose、when、wher
6、e、why、how,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,Borrowed Words-good or bad?,Languages keep borrowing words from other languages. This is one of the reasons 1_languages keep changing every day. 2_ we should do about the increasing number of borrowed words in our vocabulary is something that deser
7、ves careful thought. In England today, there is no one to decide 3_new words should be accepted into the language. A standard was first set for the English language when Henry was the King. That is4 _we have the phrase the kings English. He set a standard for 5_ people should speak English, but toda
8、y 6_can make a decision like that is anyones guess. However, there is an organization to make decisions like this in France. 7_French will be used is decided by a government department. Today, the spread of borrowed words is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from a
9、cross the world. Some people are optimistic and believe that this process is good, while others worry that it may result in language pollution. 8_opinion you agree with is for you to decide.,why,What,which,how,who,How,Which,how,2. Whether are “borrowed words” good or bad? This remains a question.,Wh
10、ether “borrowed words” are good or bad remains a question.,That languages borrow words as they are developing is inevitable.,1. Languages keep borrowing words as they are developing. This is inevitable(必然的，不可避免的).,1. We can use it as an preparatory subject. when we use a noun clause as the subject o
11、f a sentence. a. (correct) That languages borrow words as they are developing is inevitable.= (preferable) It is inevitable that languages borrow words as they are developing. b. (correct) Whether “borrowed words” are good or bad remains a question.= (preferable) It remains a question whether “borro
12、wed words” are good or bad.,Preparatory subject “it”:,Preparatory subject “it”:,1.That we would be not able to understand Old English today is certain. = It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. 2.Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.
13、 = It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. 3.When we can set off depends on the weather.= It depends on the weather when can we set off.,(correct) To master a foreign language is hard. = (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. b. (correct) To gain acc
14、ess to the Internet is important for us. (preferable) It is important for us to gain access to the Internet.,B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.,C. when the subject is a v-ing form. a. (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking. = ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. b. (correct) It takes
15、a lot of my time travelling to Beijing. = (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time.,We usually use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.,Tip,2. It can also be used before seem,
16、appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the preparatory subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages. b. My new neighbor happens to come from my home town. = It happens that my new neighbor comes from my home town.,Preparatory subject “it”:,As
17、sessment :,1. What do you think of todays English lesson?,2. What have you learnt today?,3. What are you still uncertain about?,4. How do you like your performance today?,Its clear that,We feel its interesting or surprising or disappointing that,What we feel uncertain about is ,We have found the fac
18、t that ,We think today our performance is ,It seems/proves that,1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 3. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. wher
19、e B. there C. here where D. where there 4. What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. if C. whether D. why,高考链接,5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 6. Information has been p
20、ut forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。,Homework:,1.Finish the exercises on page 100. 2.Make a dialogue with your partner, trying to use the noun clauses introduced by question words and the preparatory “it”.,