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1、GrammarDirect and Indirect Speech 直接引语和间接引语（）直接引语(direct speech):直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。 间接引语(indirect speech):用自己的话转述别人的话。1.转述他人的陈述陈述句She said , “Im going to Beijing.”She said that she was going to Beijing.2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句He asked, “Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 Sh
2、e asked, “What are you doing?”She asked me what I was doing.直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化陈述句用连词that引导, that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替, 注意, 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说 told that。He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “Ill give y
3、ou an exam tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow. 陈述句解题步骤:“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that (I dont like computers.) She didnt Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether或if引导, 原主句中谓语动词said要改为ask
4、ed (me/him/us等), 语序是陈述句的语序Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 一般疑问句解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( T
5、hey asked him )It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.They asked him if (it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.) Asked is wasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达, 语序改为陈述句语序。He said to me, “Where are you from
6、?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there were in our country. 特殊疑问句解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat?( They asked him )They asked him When you harvest the wheat （you harvest the wheat.) he HarvestedThey asked
7、him when he harvested the wheat.选择疑问句用whetheror表达(不用if/eitheror)He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot. 谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。Th
8、e geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时, 时态可不变。The children said, “We love this game.”The children told us that they love that game.3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在
9、时态, 在引述时, 时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.Driect speechIndirectspeechSentencestructurestatementsay/tellsb.(that)+从句一般疑问句ask/wonderwhether/if+陈述句语序特殊疑问句ask/wonderwh-word+陈述句语序在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化2. 注意人称和指示代词变化
10、3. 注意时间和地点的变化4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化He said he played football was playing had played had played would play had playedAttention:There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech.When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 时间表c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语