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1、,A Drink in the Passage,Author Alan Paton (1903-1988),His Works Cry, the Beloved Country,Perhaps the most famous novel to come out of South Africa, Patons 1948 work brought to the notice of the world the dilemmas of ordinary South Africans living under an oppressive system, one which threatened to d
2、estroy their very humanity. Informed by Patons Christian and liberal beliefs, the novel tells of a rural Zulu parsons （牧师） heart-breaking search for his son, who has been drawn into the criminal underworld of the city. Cry, the Beloved Country has sold millions of copies around the world.,Apartheid,
3、With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized（使制度化）. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning （认可）of “white-only” jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act re
4、quired that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent). The coloured category included,Apartheid,major subgroups of Indians and Asians. Classification into these categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, a
5、nd descent（血统）. Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly. All blacks were required to carry “pass books” containing fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas.,The news caused a sensation because it proved that Dorlin still had gold deposits. This is a show tha
6、t would cause a sensation in London or New York.,extreme excitement or interest, or someone or something that causes this 轰动、引起轰动的人或事,Word formations sensational (a.) sensationalize (v.),17. sensation (1) n.,a feeling that you get from one of your five senses, 感官的感觉能力 The sensation of sight 视觉 Sensa
7、tion of tiredness 疲劳感 He could feel no sensation in his arm. 他觉得自己的手臂麻木了。,17. sensation (2) n.,Caroline had the sensation that she was being watched. It was a strange sensationI felt Id been there before.,n. a feeling that is difficult to describe, caused by a particular event, experience, or memory
8、感觉、知觉,17. sensation (3),In the year 1960 the Union Africa celebrated its Golden Jubilee, and there was a nationwide sensation when the one-thousand-pound prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man, Edward Simelane. In the year 1960, the Union of South Africa celebrated its fiftie
9、th anniversary, and there was a great excitement throughout the country when people heard that the prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man.,excite: to arouse 激起、激发 His speech didnt excite much interest in voters. The news has certainly excited comment.,conscience (1) n. a. the
10、 part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong He was a man of strong social conscience, who actively campaigned against poverty in all its forms. Well, at least I can face them all with a clear / good conscience (=when you know that you have done nothing wron
11、g). It eased her own conscience. 不再受良心责备,conscience (2) n. b. a guilty feeling that you have about something bad you have done Ann felt a pang (剧痛） / twinge （刺痛）of conscience at having misjudged her. They have no conscience at all about cheating. (=not feel guilty about cheating),His work, African M
12、other and Child, (1) not only excited the admiration, (2) but touched the (A) conscience or (B) heart or (C) whatever it was that responded of white South Africa. that responded: here means responded in that way or similarly responded (3) seemed likely to make him famous,It was by a careless mistake
13、 that his work was accepted, because as a black person, he was not supposed to participate in the competition.,emphatic structure,a mistake that you make by not noticing sth. or by forgetting to do sth. 错误、疏漏,It was by an oversight that his work was accepted,segregate (1) v. a. to separate one group
14、 of people from others, especially because they are of a different race, sex, or religion (oppo.) integrate Male prisoners were strictly segregated from the females. Schools should not segregate children with disabilities. Blacks were segregated from whites in schools.,segregate (2) v. b. to separat
15、e one part of a place or thing from another The coffee room had been segregated into smoking and non-smoking areas. They too were segregated into wagons for families and those for single men. separate keep sb. apart isolate cut sb. off from apartheid 南非种族隔离(=segregation),reprimand v. to be well enou
16、gh to 有力气、有精力去做某事 I just didnt feel up to going. You dont need to go back to school if you dont feel up to it. He is scheduled to join the team in Calgary late today if his back is feeling up to it.,In Orlando you develop a throat of iron, and you just put back your head and put it down, in case the
17、 police should arrive.,metaphor: a strong throat,In Orlando you (the blacks) gradually develop a throat as strong as iron, and you just throw back your head and drink the brandy up in one gulp in order to avoid police detection.,subjunctive mood introduced by “in case（唯恐、以免、以防）”,Develop: to come to
18、have gradually; to come gradually to existence养成、培养 Develop a taste for an interest in put back: throw back put it down: drink it down in one gulp A throat of iron: Because brandy is a very strong drink, so if you often drink it very quickly, you will get a very strong throat.,Cultural note 1 : Acco
19、rding to apartheid laws, blacks could not remain in the big cities after a certain hour at night. Orlando must be small town where blacks live.,Cultural note 2: Brandy is an expensive drink that was usually consumes by well-to-do white folks in Apartheid South Africa who would sip slowly from a bran
20、dy glass. When a black person like Simelane ever got a chance to drink brandy, he would usually use a small glass and drink it quickly for fear that he might be seen and arrested by the police for breaking the law. A brandy glass is a large one with a wide bowl and narrow top. It is this shape so th
21、at the drinker can appreciate the aroma of brandy.,They gave a window to it, with a white velvet backdrop, if there is anything called white velvet, and some complimentary words.,They gave a whole window to the sculpture with a white curtain at the back and some words in praise of the work. The curt
22、ain (backdrop) was made of white velvet, if there is such a thing as white velvet.,words expressing praise /admiration,Its hard to associate “white velvet” with “softness” “smoothness” in an apartheid country. (velvet: 丝绒、天鹅绒；丝绒般光滑、柔软）,complimentary: She was complimentary about his work. 她对他的工作赞美有加。
23、 Compliment: 恭维（话） Make (or: pay) a compliment to sb. on sth. Please note: Complementary: 补充的,The station: the railway station Herald: 先驱者、信使 In the text: the name of a newspaper The sculptor lives in Orlando as he is not allowed to live in the big city and therefore has to commute by train every da
24、y.,squint at to look at something with your eyes partly closed in order to see better 眯着眼睛看、斜着眼睛看 Mrs. Fanning squinted at the writing on the door. Stop squinting at the screenput your glasses on. He had/took a squint at the headline of the news.,out of the corner of your eye: In a secretive way 秘密的
25、、暗地里; without looking directly or intentionally不直视、窥视 please note: The phrase is usually used together with look, see glance, notice, etc. The word eye is singular.,indulge: to engage in; to take part in, here means to enjoy 沉溺于,享受 pleasurable: 使人快乐的、使人满意的、舒适的 A pleasurable meeting between old frien
26、ds contemplation: 1.the act of thinking deeply and quietly 2. The act of looking at sth. quietly and solemnly, so I thought Id go and see the window, and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings. I must have got a little lost in the contemplation of my own genius,So I thought Id go and see the win
27、dow, and enjoy secretly some pleasant feelingsfeelings of pride for my own genius. I must have become too absorbed in my thinking about my own genius,be engrossed/absorbed in He was lost in the plot of the novel.,confidential a. spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret 1. 秘密的、机密的 2
28、. 表示信任或亲密的 The information we received is of a highly confidential nature and relates to national security. We hold confidential records on each employee. After drinking to each other, they became quite confidential.彼此敬酒后推心置腹、无话不谈。,feel like: I dont feel like taking a trip Feel like tea / coffee / a
29、 rest and all: including the thing or things just mentioned 以及其它一切、等等 They ate the whole fishhead, bones, tail, and all. The boss promised to provide me with a computer and all. round the corner: very near; coming soon,I couldnt have told him my name. Why? It might be that Simelane had been acting a
30、s if he were admiring somebody elses work of art and therefore it would be embarrassing to reveal his true identity. He did not want the other person to know that he was indulging in admiring his own genius, esp. after hearing the compliments of this stranger. On the other hand, it might also show t
31、hat Simelane was a very humble person, or we could say thats a common characteristic of black people because of the segregation and discrimination.,start off: to begin to move; to begin a journey,We didnt exactly walk abreast, but he didnt exactly walk in front of me. walk abreast: to walk side by s
32、ide Q: Is there any symbolic meaning of the sentence? Would it be a problem for them to walk abreast? A: A black was not the equal of white so they would never walk side by side as equals.,Constrain v. a. to stop someone from doing what they want to do b. to limit something 限制、克制、约束、抑制 Financial fac
33、tors should not constrain doctors from prescribing the best treatment for patients. Womens employment opportunities are often severely constrained by family commitments. Constrained: 被迫的；强装出来的 He felt constrained to accept the invitation. A constrained smile:强作的笑容,expel v. a. to force air, water, or
34、 gas etc out of your body or out of a container 排出、喷出 Expel air from the lings. b. to officially force someone to leave a school or organization 把。除名 Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs. The main opposition leader was expelled from her party.,suspend: 1. to hang from above; to hang
35、so as to allow free movement 悬挂、使悬浮 To suspend a lamp from the ceiling. 2. to stop or cause to be inactive for a period of time 停止、延缓 School classes were suspended for fear of spread of epidemic. 3. to prevent from taking part in a team,polish(1) v. theyre so impersonal. I had no desire to work for
36、a large, impersonal organization.,Just signing your name on a Christmas card seems too impersonal. 太没人情味,“Sorry theres no brandy,” he said. “Only wine. Heres happiness.” brandy is generally considered more expensive stuff. Van Ransburg wanted to treat his guest”I” with the best thing he had. He has
37、no bias or prejudice towards black people. Heres happiness: Lets drink to your happiness. Van Rensburg was proposing a toast (干杯、祝酒）.,I was（nt only） feeling what you may be thinking, 我当时的感觉（不仅仅只是）就像你认为的一样。 Q： If you were asked to drink in a passage just outside of someones apartment, not invited int
38、o the apartment, to sit down and drink properly, how would you feel? You might be thinking that it was an insult; and that was my feeling at the moment. Besides this feeling, there was sth. else.,I wasnt only feeling what you may be thinking, I was thinking that one of the impersonal doors might ope
39、n at any moment, and someone might see me in “white” building, and see me and van Rensburg breaking the liquor laws of the country.,You might be thinking that it was an insult to have me drink in the passage instead of inviting me into their apartment, to sit down and drink properly. Yes, I was feel
40、ing that way. But there was sth. else. I was also afraid that one of the cold, unfriendly doors might open at any moment and someone might see me in this “whites only” building, drinking with a white man and breaking the laws on drinking.,Anger could have saved me from the whole embarrassing situati
41、on, but you know I cant easily be angry. Even if I could have been, I might have found it hard to be angry with this particular man.,愤怒也许可以使我从尴尬的局面中摆脱出来。 I could have simply left then and there angrily and thus freed myself from the awkward situation. But you know, Im not the kind of person who can
42、easily get angry. Even if I could, I might have found it hard to be angry with this particular man. He seemed so nice to me.,subjunctive mood,Talk out ones heart to sb.: to tell everything in ones mind thoroughly and freely to sb.; to pour out ones feelings to sb. 把心里话告诉某人 Sometimes we need to talk
43、out our heart to our friends. Come and talk out your heart to us. Were ready to offer you help.,but not for all the money in the world could I have said to her dankie, my nooi or that disgusting dankie, misses, not for all the money in the world: under no circumstances “dankie, my nooi” and “dankie,
44、 misses” ，something like “Thank you, my lady”, were considered proper in this context for blacks. But as an educated person, Simelane would not talk like that. He had his dignity.,so I took the risk of it and used the word mevrou, for the politeness of which some Afrikaners would knock a black man d
45、own, and I said, in high Afrikaans, “Ek is a dankbaar, Mevrou.” Take the risk of it: to take ones chance Mervou: Madam, a title of respect, clearly inappropriate for the black person to use. knock sb. down: to hit sb. and make them fall down high Afrikaans: Afrikaans spoken by educated white Afrikan
46、ers Finally he took his chance and used an expression so polite in Afrikaans that he could have been knocked down for forgetting his place as this kind of polite language was supposed to be reserved only for the white people.,strained (1) a. a. showing the effects of worry or too much work 劳累的、（神情）紧
47、张的 Ninas voice sounded strained. 声音里带有倦意 听起来不自然 She looked strained and had dark circles beneath her eyes. 她眼圈发黑，看上去一脸倦容。,strained (2) a. b. a strained situation or behavior is not relaxed, natural, or friendly 不自然的、不友好的、 （关系等）紧张的 After the argument there was a strained silence. I couldnt stand the
48、strained atmosphere at dinner any more. Our relationship became very strained because I had refused to lend him money. A strained smile / laugh 强笑,strain ones eyes/ears strain every nerve Do not strain yourself. the strain of sleepless nights a stained laugh 尽力倾听/注视 全力以赴；竭尽全力 别太劳累 连夜不眠的过度劳累 勉强的笑,bre
49、aks my heart： make one extremely sad out of nowhere： happening or appearing suddenly and without warning 从默默无闻中；从不知道的地方，从不受注意的的地方 In the last few seconds, Gunnell came from nowhere to win another gold medal. Out of nowhere he asks me to marry him! I got to be carefulcars just suddenly come from nowhere and its easy to have an accident.,getting beyond me: to become too difficult for me to understand testimonial: A formal statement affirming the character or worth of another