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1、PrefaceMaterials scienceMechanical propertiesSmart materialsnanomaterialsnanotechnologybiomaterialscompositionperformanceMicrostructure, structureSynthesis and processingInorganic materialsComposite materialsPolymersMetal, metallicceramichardnessbrittlenessmoduledensityShape memory alloys材料科学，材料学力学性
2、能智能材料，灵敏材料纳米材料纳米技术生物材料成分，组成性能微观结构，组织，结构合成与工艺无机材料复合材料聚合物，高分子金属，金属的陶瓷硬度脆性模量密度形状记忆合金Elemental period tablehydrogen HRubidiumRbhelium HeYttriumYlithium LiZirconiumZrberyllium BeNiobiumNbboron BMolybdenumMocarbon CPalladiumPdnitrogen NSilverAgoxygen OCadmiumCdfluorine FIndiumInNeon NeTinSnsodium NaAntimo
3、nySbmagnesium MgIodineIaluminum AlXenonXesilicon SiCesiumCsphosphorus PBariumBasulfur STungstenWchlorine ClPlatinumPtargon ArGoldAupotassium KMercuryHgcalcium CaLeadPbscandium SclanthanumLatitanium TiCeriumCevanadium Vchromium Crmanganese Mniron Fecobalt Conickel Nicopper Cuzinc Zngallium Gagermaniu
4、m Gearsenic Asselenium Sebromine Brkrypton KrChapter 1 Crystal structure of metalsCrystal structure晶体结构 Latticeconstants点阵常数Crystalline materials晶体材料 Latticevectors点阵适量Noncrystalline materials非晶材料 crystal晶体Amorphous materials非晶材料 Bravaislattice布拉非点阵Corrosion resistance耐腐蚀 Crystalsystem晶系electron电子Al
5、pha, beta, gamma, , atom原子 cubic立方nucleus原子核 tetragonal四方electronegativity电负性 orthorhombic正交electronpositivity电正性 hexagonal六方equilibrium平衡Rhombonhedral / trigonal菱面体repulsion排斥 Monoclinic单斜attraction吸引 Triclinic三斜potential势能 Simplecubic简单立方Ionic bonding离子键Body centered cubic体心立方Covalent bonding共价键 U
6、nitcell晶胞Metallic bonding金属键 Latticeparameters点阵矢量molecule分子 Facecentered cubic面心立方semiconductor半导体 Coordinationnumber配位原子数Single crystal单晶 Hexagonalpacking六方堆垛Anisotropic各向异性 Allotropictransformation同素异位转变isotopic各向同性 Millerindices密勒指数Polycrystalline多晶 crystallographic晶体学的Imperfection缺陷 Crystallogr
7、aphicdirection晶向Point defect点缺陷 Crystallographicplane晶面Line defect线缺陷 projection投影planar defect, surface defect面缺陷Planar miller index/indices面指数dislocation位错 Diagonal对角的vacancy空位 Perpendicular垂直的interstitial间隙的Family of directions晶向族substitutional替换的，置换的Family of planes晶面族Grain boundary晶界 Latticepoi
8、nt阵点Stacking faults堆垛层错 metallography金相学Anti-phase反相 Toughness韧性Twin boundary孪晶界 Stiffness刚性Edge dislocation刃位错 ductility延展性，可锻性Screw dislocation螺位错 strengthen强度Mixed dislocation混合位错 Compact压制sintering烧结Edge棱边 translation平移Packing factor堆垛密度C2 Solidification of metalsSolidify, solidification凝固nuclei
9、核，核心Free energy自有能Kinetic energy动能bronze青铜 Brass黄铜Surface free energy表面自由能nucleation形核Critical临界的undercooling过冷Homogeneous nucleation均匀形核Heterogeneous nucleation非均匀形核impurity杂质Interface界面diffusion扩散Latent heat潜热Cooling冷却growth生长Dendritic growth(树 )枝晶生长Cast, casting铸造，铸件Chill zone激冷区Column zone柱状区Equ
10、iaxed zone等轴区shrinkage收缩Gas porosity气孔Interdendritic shrinkage枝晶间收缩Favorable orientation择优取向Fine grain细晶Galvanized sheet steel（电）镀锌钢板Preferred growth择优生长Planar growth平面生长supercooling过冷superheating过热Embryo晶胚Chapter 3Plastic deformation and recrystallizePlastic deformationRecrystallize, recrystallizat
11、ionloadstrainstressElastic deformationTensile propertiesYielding, yielding pointLow carbon steelSheartorsionParallel toSlip, slip plane, slip system, slip directionThe closet-packed direction/planetwinningSlip line, slip bandPolycrystalline materialsSingle crystalcoherencyGrain orientationDislocatio
12、n movement/motionCold workingWarm workingHot workingrecoveryGrain growthhardnessindentationindenterSphere, cone, pyramidnondestructiveBrinell hardnessVickers microhardnessRockwell hardnessKnoop hardnessforgingOpen-die, closed-die forgingextrusion塑性变形再结晶载荷应变应力弹性变形拉伸性能屈服，屈服点低碳钢剪切扭折平行于滑移，滑移面，滑移系，滑移方向密排
13、方向 /面孪晶滑移线多晶材料单晶共格晶粒取向位错移动冷加工中温加工热加工回复晶粒长大硬度压痕压头球形，圆锥形，四棱锥非破坏性的布氏硬度维氏显微硬度洛氏硬度努氏硬度锻造开口模，闭合模挤出Chapter 4 Phase diagram and microstructurePhase diagram相图 precipitation析出microstructure微观结构 ,z 组织 Lamellargrowth层状生长Solid-solution strengthening固溶强化 photomicrograph显微照片Dispersion strengthening弥散强化 Microconsti
14、tuent显微组织成分Brass黄铜 Hypoeutectic亚共晶Equilibrium phase diagram平衡相图 Hypereutectic过共晶constitution成分 Peritectictransformation包晶转变component组元Ternary phase diagram三元相图Solvent atom溶剂原子Solute atom溶质原子concentration浓度Solid solution固溶Binary alloy二元合金isomorphous同形的，同质的Mole percent摩尔百分比solubility溶解度，固溶度Liquidus te
15、mperature, line液相温度，液相线Solidus temperature, line固相温度，固相线Isotherm line等温线Solvus line溶解度曲线Phase rule相律freedom自由度Lever rule杠杆定律Eutectic共晶的eutectoid共析的Immiscible, unmixable互不溶的Tie line两平 衡相 成 分点间连线Equilibrium solidification平衡凝固Nonequilibrium solidification非平衡凝固Intermetallic compound中间金属化合物Stoichiometric
16、化学计量比的nonstoichiometric非化学计量比的Ordered crystal structure有序晶体结构Chapter 5 Iron-Carbon alloy systemcomponentsteelsolventsolutesolubilityDissolvedSolubleProportionFlaketransformationFerriteInterstitial solid solutioncarbidePolymorphic transformationAustenitemagneticCementite, iron carbideorthorhombicMeta
17、stable phasedecomposesubstitutionPearliteEutectoidEutecticHypoeutectoid steelEutectoid steelHypereutectoid steelProeutectoidLayered structurePlain carbon steelWrought iron, pure ironCarbon contentCast ironLow carbon steelMedium carbon steelHigh carbon steelFerrous alloysStainless steel组元钢溶剂溶质溶解度溶解于，
18、溶于可溶解的比例片状相变，转变铁素体间隙固溶体碳化物多型性转变奥氏体磁性的渗碳体正交的亚稳相分解替换，置换珠光体共析的共晶的亚共析钢共析钢过共析钢先共析体层状组织碳素钢纯铁碳含量铸铁低碳钢中碳钢高碳钢铁基合金不锈钢Chapter 6 Heat treatmentHeat treatmentAnnealingBainiteMartensitePrecipitation hardeningSurface hardeningNormalizingQuenchingTemperingIsothermal transformation diagram, TTTContinuous cooling dia
19、gram, CCTDiffusive transformationNon-diffusive transformationLattice distortionTetragonalCoolanthardenabilityRetained austeniteLath martensitePlate martensiteUnit cellCrystallographic relationshipMatrix materialsHabit planeExpansionQuench crackResidual stressAustenitizingAustemperingProcess annealSt
20、ress relief annealComposition homogenization annealSolution treatmentSpheroidisationAir-coolAgeingOver-saturated solid solutionCarburizingPack carburizingGas carburizingLiquid carburizing热处理退火贝氏体马氏体析出强化表面强化正火淬火回火等温转变连续转变扩散型相变非扩散型相变点阵畸变四方的冷却剂淬透性残留奥氏体板条马氏体片状马氏体晶胞晶体学关系，晶体学取向基体材料惯习面膨胀淬火裂纹残留应力奥氏体化奥氏体等温淬火加工退火去应力退火均匀化退火固溶处理球化处理空冷时效过饱和固溶体渗碳装箱渗碳气体渗碳液体渗碳Wear-resistantNitridingCyanidingCarbonitriding耐磨氮化，渗氮氰化碳氮共渗Case hardeningChromingBoronizingHeat treatment furnaceLocalized heatingInduction hardening process表面硬化，表面硬化镀铬硼化处理热处理炉局部加热感应加热处理