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1、最新 料推荐2019-2020 年高考英语语法精讲精练精析- 主谓一致谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。但是如果主语不是单一的， 或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。一、语法一致原则一般来说， 语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of errors was surprising.错误之多是惊人的。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。二、意义一致原则主
2、、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。The crowd were fighting for their lives.这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。(一 )谓语动词为单数的情况1由 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wu
3、han.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。比较： The worker and the writer are from Beijing.那位工人和那位作家来自北京。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。2 every.and (every) .，each.and (each) ., no.and (no) ., many a .and (many a) .连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.桌子和椅子都是木头做的。Many a student has b
4、een to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。3 one / every one / each / either / the number of 复数名词作主语。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。4 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。1最新 料推荐Clothing is badly needed
5、in this flooded area.洪水灾区急需衣物。5以 “ s结”尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。6表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.他离开家乡已经二十年了。7由 any，some，no和 one, thing, body 等所构成的不定代词作主语。8非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.他很喜欢集邮。9单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。(二 )谓语动词为复数的情况1由
6、and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都已卖完了。2 people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。3 goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。4由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“ s结”尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.奥运会每四年举办一次。5 a number of/ qu
7、antities of / a group of名词作主语。(三 )谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1 class, family,army, team, club, population,enemy, party, crowd,crew, audience, public,government 等集体名词作主语。强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers.他有个大家庭。 / 他的家人都喜欢音乐。2 means (方法 ), works ( 工厂 ), pains ( 辛苦 ), series (
8、系列 ), species (物种 )等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful.并非每种方法都有效。/并非所有的方法都有效。3 all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present. / All the food tastes good.所有人都在场。/这些东西尝起来都很好。4“ half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /分数 / 百分数 of 名词
9、 ”作主语，谓语动词要和of 之后的名词的单复数保持一致。Half of the students have finished their position. / Half of the apple is bad.一半学生完成了作2最新 料推荐文。 /这苹果一半都坏了。三、就近原则谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。1由 or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.我和他都受邀
10、请了。Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.学生和老师都对此一无所知。但注意 “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as/ nomore than / besides / rather than 名词 ”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.学生们和一位
11、老师在教室呢。2在由 there 或 here 引起的句子及倒装句中。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。四、其他注意事项肯定与否定一致：下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。Weve had some (money).I was talking to someone. We havent had any (money) I wasnt talking to a
12、nyone.They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet.Li is ing too. Li isnt ing either.Both of us a re going. Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.so / neither助动词名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife likes classical
13、 music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.分析近五年来的高考题可以发现，高考对主谓一致的考查几乎每年都有所涉及，但题量不大，其因为是这项语法用法比较固定、单纯，要理清主谓一致的“三大原则 ”，记住这些用法就能很好地把这项语法学会；当然高考命题多以特殊点为切入点，要注意三大原则里边的一些变化。尤其注意：主语从句作主语时谓语的确定；主语 as well as, with, together with, along with,3最新 料推荐rather than, but, except, besides 等
14、 的主 一致； 定 从句中 的数与定 从句所修 的名 或代 的数保持一致。【 xx 安徽卷） 27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ savedfor other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】 D【考点】考 主 一致和 。【解析】定 从句中先行 是the raw materials ，故定 从句 与先行 数的一致，用复数，上文 去式，故 D。句意 ：工厂用了 种原材料的65%，剩余部分 省出来作他用。【xx 湖南卷 )26】 One third
15、 of the country _covered with trees and the majorityof thecitizens_black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is【答案】 A【考点】考 主 一致。【解析】整个国家 整体，三分之一的部分当然也 用 数；而the majority of citizens 主要指人，是可数名 ，此 的 用复数，表示“大多数，大部分”。 10 全国 Barbara is easy to recognize as shesthe only one of the women who _eveni
16、ng dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn答案 B考点考 主 一致和 。解析首先the only one of为先.行 , 定 从句修 的是one, 即 one 是主 , 而非后面的复数women, 根据主 一致的原 , 用复数, 排除 A, D 。另外 , 从 “is可”以看出句子是要表示一种 , 因此要用一般 在 , 排除 C, 故 A 10 湖南 Listeningto loud music at rock concertscaused hearing loss in someteenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have
17、答案 C考点主 一致4最新 料推荐解析根据 名 短 作主 , 句子的 用 数形式, 由此排除B 、 D 两 , 根据主 与 caused 的主 关系 , 排除 A 项 10 四川 Such poets as Shakespearewidelyread, of whose works,however, somedifficult to understand.A. are； areB. is ； isC. are；isD. is ： are答案 A考点考 主 一致。解析主句中的主 poets, 用复数, 其后的非限制性定 从句的主 some of whose works, 也 是复数。故 A 。
18、09 山 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadilysince1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been答案 C考点本 考 主 一致和 。解析主 是the number 故 用 数, 又因 状 是since 1997 所以用完成 。 09 四川 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _newly published in America.A
19、. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was答案 B考点考 主 一致。解析A together with B 作主 与 A 的 复数保持一致； 第二空 定 从句 that 指代 Reading Skills, 由于 Reading Skills 是 名所以 用 数。 09 湖南 Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be答案 B考点主 一致的用法。解析Eitheror .连接两个主 , 按就
20、近原 来确定 的 复数。One of your students 用 数形式。09 西 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to5最新 料推荐答案 A考点考 和主 一致。解析主 中心 是 Dr. Smith, 表 数 , 用 数形式； 状 是 this summer, 表 划性的将来 , 故 用一般将来 , 选 A 。 09 江西According to statist
21、ics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as答案 D考点本 考 比 的 构。解析 as . as , 注意句中的more than 只是修 twice 。09 宁 Peter s jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his.A. as much twice asB. twice as much asC. much as twice asD. as twice much as答案 B考点考
22、 as-as 同 比 前的修 位置。解析 twice 放在第一个as 之前 , 选 B 符合。 08 西 Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A.wereC.has beenD.was答案 D考点本 考 主 一致。解析主 是every boy and girl,表示 数概念 , 故 用 数, 且 昨晚的情况,有明确的 去 , 所以 was。07 江西 A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor e
23、xercise a weekA.show; areC.show; isD.shows; are答案 B考点本 考 主 一致。解析由a survey 可知第一个空用shows, 首先排除 A 、C 两 ；第二个空前的 threehours of outdoor exercise a week 表示抽象概念, 看作 数 , 故其 用 数形式。6最新 料推荐07 湖南 We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weekssoA.isB.areC.has beenD.have been答案 A考点本 考 主 一致
24、。解析 句意 : 几天和几周的 是如此的渺小, 以致于一天根本微不足道。本句用来 述事 , 用一般 在 ；空白 所在句子的主 是the time, 用 数形式。 07 西 As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the areaA.need repairingC.needs repairingD.need to repair答案 A考点本 考 主 一致和非 。解析分数、百分数修 名 , 的 复数取决于名 , 此 two-thirds修 buildings,故 取决于名 复数buildings ,排除 B、
25、C 两 , need doing=need to be done意 “需要被做 ”。07 上海 A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor exercise a weekgood for one s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are答案 B考点本 考 主 一致。解析由a survey 可知第一个空用shows, 首先排除 A 、C 两 ；第二个空前的 threehours of outdoor exercise a week 表示抽象概
26、念, 看作 数 , 故其 用 数形式。 07 浙江 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_ yet.A. hasn t been decided B. haven t decided C. isn t being decidedD. aren t decided答案 A考点本 考 主 一致及 的 。解析根据句意 , 此 用被 , 不用主 , 故排除 B；又因 when and where 表示 数意 , 故排除 D；再根据句末的 yet 可知 , 最好用 在完成 , 故
27、 A 最佳。 07 浙江 It is reported that the floods have left aboutA.two thousandB.two-C.two thousandsD.two thousands of7最新 料推荐答案 A考点本 考 数 的用法。解析 hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score等指具体数字 , 不用复数形式；指大 约 数 字 时 ,常 用 复 数 形 式 。 如 ： onehundred,twothousand,threemillion,hundreds/thousands/millions/bil
28、lions/dozens/scores of 。06 北京 She went to the bookstore and boughtD.dozens of books答案 D考点本 考 dozen 的用法。解析 dozen 意 “一打 , 十二个 ”,与数 用 要用 数形式。与 of 用 要用复数形式。dozens of 意 “若干 , 多多 ”。dozen 与数 或many, several 用 其后不加s；dozen前有基数 表示确切数字 , 其后一般不与of 用。06 浙江 The pany had about 20 notebook puters but only one-thirdu
29、sedregularly.Now we have 60 workingA.isB.areC.wasD.were答案 D考点本 考 主 一致及 的 。解析当分数、百分数作主 , 要根据其后面的名 来决定其 的 复数。此 one-third 是 one-third of the notebook puters 的省略形式 , 因此 用复数, 且句子的 用了 去 , 所以 D 正确。06 安徽 Most of what has been said about the SmithsalA.areC.beingD.to be答案 B考点此 考 主 一致的用法。解析名 性从句作主 用 数形式。另外句中be
30、 true of 意 “ 也适 ”。06 江 A poet and artisting to speak to us about Chinese literatureand paintingA.isB.areC.wasD.were答案 A8最新 料推荐考点此题考查主谓一致的用法。解析由时间状语“tomorrow afternoon 判”断 , 此处应用现在进行时表将来, 故排除 C、D两项。“a poet and artist指一”位诗人兼画家, 谓语动词用单数, 故选 A 项。 06 辽宁 The father as well as his three children _ skating
31、on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD.are going答案 C考点此题考查主谓一致的用法。解析从语法讲解的角度来看, 主语 The father 是单数概念 , 尽管后面跟有as wellas histhree children, 谓语动词仍要用单数形式。every Sunday afternoon in winter暗示该空表示经常性、习惯性动作 , 因此应用一般现在时。从命题方式的角度看, 此题学生易弄混淆主语为histhree children 而出错 , 在主语后添加
32、his three children 容易误导学生对主语的判断。模拟试题探究1 (xx 浙江慈溪中学月考)The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil andwater of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A hasB doC isD are【答案与解析】Das 后引导的句子主语为“its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans”故须用复数，又因as 前的句子用的是动词is，可以推出应用一般现在时。2 (xx 河南驻马店高中摸底考试)Eit
33、her you or one of your students _ to attend themeeting that is due tomorrow.A areB isC haveD be【答案与解析】Beither.or.句型中动词单复数形式采取就近原则。3 (xx 湖南浏阳一中月考) Several department stores, includingthe one we usually go to,_ sidewalk sales this week.Lets go and have a look.A is havingB are havingC hasD have had【答案与
34、解析】Bincluding the one we usually go to是插入语， 句子真正的主语为several9最新 料推荐department stores, 故 用复数形式，且 一般 在 。4 (xx 江西九江一中月考)Butter and bread _ their daily food, but the bread and thebutter _ up now.A is; is eatenB are; have been eatenC are; are eatenD is; have been eaten【答案与解析】D句子前半句将butter and bread 看做一个整体
35、，意 “黄油面包 ”，故第1 空用 is；后半句由于bread 与 butter 前均加了定冠 the，故 看做两个个体，且由后文upnow 的提示， 用一般完成 。5 (xx 宁 一中月考)Anaverage of200 letters a week _ received by thenewspapers offer. Such _ the case with us at present.A are; isB has been; has beenC have been; isD is; ar【答案与解析】A第 1 句的主 an average of 200 letters，故 用复数形式；第
36、2 句中 such 指代的是每周平均收到200 封信 个事 ，故 用 数形式。且文中 并没有 去 作 参照，故 用一般 在 。6(xx 江 州中学月考)Britain _ many other industrialized countries, _ majorchanges over the last 100 years.A together with; have experiencedB as well as; have experiencedC in mon with; has experiencedD instead of; has experienced【答案与解析】Cin mon w
37、ith “和 一 ”，与其后的名 是插入 ，真正的主 Britain,故其后的 用 数形式。together with 与 as well as 意 也符合，但和inmon with 一 ，也只能作插入 ，所以其后的 也 用 数形式，故排除 A 、B 两 ，D 项 instead of 与 意不符。7 (xx 吉林 中学一模)We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _ for their sonsbad behaviour at school.A are to blameB is to be blamed10最新 料推荐C are to
38、be blamedD is to blame【答案与解析】Dthat 引 主 从句， 指代上文中的主 ，而前半句的 Jack as wellas his wife 插入 ，故 用 数形式，而blame 用法 主 形式表被 含 。8 (xx 吉林 北 大附中摸底) Wed like a double room, please.Im sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea view _.A have been reservedB has been reservedC were reservedD has reserved【答案与解析】A答句的主 a
39、ll 指代 rooms，故 用复数形式，且all 与reserve 之 关系， 用被 。9 (xx 江西 大附中月考)So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision.A haveB hasC have beenD has been【答案与解析】D由于 problems 前加了 a series of ，故主 数， 用 数形式，由于bring 与 the decision 之 关系。10(xx 山西太原五中月考)The sheep farmer used their dog to _ the cattle that _eat