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1、名校名 推荐 Unit 3 Under the sea grammar 课时作业第一节阅读理解There are many heartbreaking moments in this beautifully written book, Letter toLouis, by Alison White, but the first comes before it even begins. In the devotion to her son Louis, author Alison White says how she wanted to write it so that peoplewould
2、understand disability and caring, but also,“ to be totally honest, I wanted towrite something that would make people consider being Louis friend.” Beneath thsimple plea (恳求 ) lies the great fear of so many parents who nurse a severelydisabled child through to adulthood:“ What will happen when I m go
3、ne?” Instead ogiving a vivid account of the fear and anxieties that accompany long-term caring, shejust tells us what it s like, and it is equally admirable, uplifting and terrifying.As a society, we are fond of praising short-term heroism: the soldier or firefighter, bravery containable within a si
4、ngle story. The uncomfortable truth that Letter to Louis lays bare is that the heroism of long-term toughness, the daily caring over many years, is neither great nor interesting. At times, with two other children tocare for and Louis waking five times a night, still undiagnosed and in constant pain,
5、White feels simple despair.“ I picture the cliff. I picture jumping holding you tight inmy arms, falling and falling through the air.”Although there are moments of joy when Louis first speaks, manages to walk alittle White offers no comforting platitudes (陈词滥调 ).“ My destiny has beendecided. The rea
6、lisation hits me full force in the stomach. I don t want this destinVery soon, you come to admire White s courage not only in raising a child withdisability but in resisting the temptation to hit one or two of the many she encounters along the way: a Clarks shoe shop assistant who refuses to sell Lo
7、uis, a wheelchairuser, a pair of shoes because he can t walk across the room for her to check the fit,and an unhelpful occupational therapist who wonise thet toiletingauthor equipmentthat he needs, insisting he has to learn to wipe his own bottom, even though it is a physical impossibility for him.1
8、名校名 推荐 It is shocking to learn that at Louis most disabled, after a disastrous footoperation, the family are only entitled to two hours help a month. Temporary careonly comes, eventually, when they are close to breakdown. At one point, Louis hasfive different social workers in eight monthsand then,
9、unbelievably, faces the overnight withdrawal of all temporary care when he reaches his 18th birthday.On the other hand, White explains the difference that the support of family andfriends and small acts of kindness from strangers can make. When she takes Louis on a special day trip to London because
10、 he wants to travel on the tube, Transport for London staff take it upon themselves to radio ahead to each other to make sure there is always someone to help them at each station he wants to visit. Once in a while, atherapist or doctor actually listens to Whiteexpertisknowledgeregardingand herson s
11、condition.Eventually, though, the long-term consequences of constant lack of sleep andcaring work begin to take effect. A slightly mysterious chapter towards the end of thebook sees the author disappearing to Edinburgh towalk and sit in cafes:it s neverstated clearly whether this is for work or beca
12、use she has had a breakdown or acombination of the two. The wonder is only that it has taken so long.This chapter is just one of the half-told stories in this book:the author is mindfulof the need to protect the privacy of her husband, although it is clear their marriagehas come close to a breaking
13、point many times, as anybody s would, and that of herother two children. Beneath it all is a cold anger that any decent-minded reader will share towards a society that fails to understand that unless careers are properly cared for by the rest of us, it all falls apart.Above all, this book is a plea
14、for understanding, for the rest of society to pause a while when they encounter someone like Louis or his parents. The huge difference a kindly word or helpful act can make and the destruction a thoughtless act can causecannot be underestimated. This book is an essential read for anyone who has ever
15、 complained about their taxes going to pay for disability services:it should be legally required reading for anyone in the medical profession or anyone with the2名校名 推荐 power to decide about cuts to those services. The rest of us should read it for an acute insight into just how lucky we are.1.Alison
16、 White wrote Letter to Louis to.A.describe the hardships in bringing up her disabled childB.illustrate the sufferings and miseries of her disabled childC.promote acceptance of the disabled and concern for their carers D.express parents worriesbout thea future of their disabled children2.By comparing
17、 two kinds of heroism, the author intends to.A.applaud the bravery of soldiers and firefightersB.encourage the parents of the disabled to live onC.blame people for their favor of short-term heroismD.emphasize the heroism of caring for a disabled child3.What can we infer from the 4th paragraph?A.Loui
18、s is able to depend on himself at 18.B.The Whites eventually break down in despair.C.Social workers are willing to offer help to Louis.D.Public support for the disabled is far from ideal.4.Alison White disappears to Edinburgh and stays there long probablybecause.A.social workers help frees her from
19、the toughness of lifeB.the cold and indifferent society makes her disappointedC.she temporarily escapes from the endless caring workD.she wants to be relieved from the blow of her divorce5.What does the underlined sentence imply?A.Society should show concern for the carers of the disabled.B.Readers
20、will misunderstand society if carers are neglected.C.It does not make any sense to be angry with society.D.The carers should be responsible for their own needs.6.The author of the passage concludes it with.A.strong recommendationB.obvious disapproval3名校名 推荐 C.cautious warningD.mild criticism第二节任务型阅读
21、Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When thisshort amount of time elapses, however, the phone number is erased from the memory.How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way toshort-term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage
22、area. The brain has a filterwhich only allows stimuli that are of immediate interest to pass on to STM, alsoknown as working memory.There is much debate about the capacity and duration of short-term memory. Themost accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist whosuggested th
23、at humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. Achunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name ratherthan just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase thecapacity of short-term memory by classifying similar information toget
24、her. Byorganizing information, one can optimize STM, and improve the chances of amemory being passed on to long-term storage.When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information foran exam, many people engage in“ rote rehearsal” . By repeating something over andover again, we ar
25、e able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memorymaintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stopsrehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When you can t writyou might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If t
26、he doorbellrings or the dog barks before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from short-term to long-term memory. A better way is to practice“ elaborate rehearsal ” . This involve
27、s assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing memories.Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable(可找回的 ). Retrieving information can be done. Humans can recall memories that are stored and used often. However, if a
28、memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be41 to STM名校名 推荐 retrieved. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.Short-term memory is also 2 to
29、as working memory, and information makes its way to it via the sensory storage area. One can increase the capacity of short-term memory byWays to3classifying similar information together.STM One can make a memory more4to be passed on tolong-term storage, with information5 .“ Rote rehearsal” can help
30、 keep a memory alive, but the kind ofThe 6ofmemory can only maintain7interruption.“ rote rehearsal”The information8to disappear once the rehearsal of it isstopped.Another type ofInformation can be9more easily by encoding informationsemantically. It doesn t matter if a memory seems to be forgotten,me
31、morybecause 10 can help one retrieve it.参考答案阅读理解 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是讨论了Alison White 写的 Letter toLouis 这本书 ,作者希望人们能理解和关心残疾人,并强烈地建议更多的人能够读到这本书。1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 In the devotion to her son Louis, author Alison White says how she wanted to write it so that people would understanddisability and caring,
32、but also,“ to be totally honest, I wanted to write something thatwould make people consider being Louis friend可.知 ”,她的目的是促进人们接受残疾人并关心他们的护理人员。故选C 项。5名校名 推荐 2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句 The uncomfortable truth that Letter to Louis lays bare is that the heroism of long-term toughness, the daily caring over many
33、years, is neither great nor interesting以.及第二段的理解可知 ,照顾残疾小孩的困难不小 ,这里是为了强调caring for a disabled child 这种 heroism。故选 D 项。3.D推理判断题。根据第四段的“ the family are only entitled to two hours help amonth”、“ Temporary care only comes以及 “”Louis has five different social workers ineight months 可”推断出 ,Louis 在病情最严重的时候却
34、未充分得到家人应有的关心,可见当时社会人们对于残疾小孩缺乏关心,故选 D。4.C 推理判断题。根据第六段第二句中的 it s never stated clearly whether this is for work or because she has had a breakdown or a combination of the two并结合本段第一句的理解可知 ,深层原因并没有说清楚,表象原因应该就是暂时逃离这份工作。故选 C 项。5.A推理判断题。根据第七段第一句中的the author is mindful of the need toprotect the privacy of h
35、er husband, although it is clear their marriage has come closeto a breaking point many times, as anybody s would, and that of her other twochildren 可知 ,作者保护了她丈夫的隐私同时也保护了自己的其他两个孩子,由此推断出 ,作者希望社会上其他人像自己一样,能有更多的人去关心残疾人。故选A项。6.A 细节理解题。从最后一段中的 it should be legally required reading for anyone in the medica
36、l profession or anyone with the power to decide about cuts to those services. The rest of us should read it for an acute insight into just how lucky we are 出现的两个 “should可”知 ,作者在强烈推荐更多的人能够读一读这本书。 A 项意为“强烈推荐 ”,故 A 项正确。任务型阅读 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了短期记忆以及形成长期记忆的方法。1.Introduction信息归纳题。根据文章第一段的内容和表格的内容可知右
37、栏讲述了什么叫短期记忆。6名校名 推荐 2.referred信息 。根据文章第一段的最后一句可知,短期 也被称 工作 。 refer to.as.称 为 。3.improve/optimize信息 找 。根据第二段末尾可知,通 信息的 ,可以 化和提高短期 ,故用 improve/optimize 。4.likely 信息 。根据第二段的最后一句 “ By organizing information, one can optimize STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long-term storage.
38、中”的 chances可知填 likely 。5.organized信息 。第二段的最后一句中含有organizing, 表格中 with 的复合 构作伴随状 ,information 和 organize 是被 关系 ,故用 organize 的 去分 。6.drawbacks/shortcomings/weaknesses/disadvantages信息 。右 内容 的是死 硬背的缺点。7.without 信息 。第三段第三句 “ Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no int
39、erruptions中.的 if there are ”no interruptions 等于 without interruption 。8.tends信息 。第三段第四句“ As soon as a person stops rehearsing theinformation, it has the tendency to disappear.中 has the tendency” to do sth相.当于tends to sth。.9.retrieved信息 。根据文章最后一段的 “ Encoding information semanticallyalso makes it more retrievable(可找回的 ). Retrieving information can be done. 可知 ,”此 表示可以被找回 ,故用 retrieved。10.cues信息 找 。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“ The more cues a person isgiven (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. 可知填 cues。”7