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1、名校名 推荐 Unit 4 Sharing reading 课时作业第一节完形填空No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own1.I learned this lesson from a(n)2many years ago. I took the head3jobat a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the school
2、s old team to play 4againstteamtheat theend of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn t even practice to5the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew wewere going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn6I thad got into such a situatio
3、n. Thinking hard about it, I came to7that my teammight not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were8me. I had tochange my9about their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little10. Mostimportant, I began to treat them like11. That summer, when the other
4、 teams enjoyed their12, we met every dayand13passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our14on the spring practice field, we won ourfirst game and our second, and continued to15. Finally, we faced the numberone team in the state. I felt that it would be a16for us even if we lost th
5、e game.But that wasn t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me oneof the greatest17of my life!From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 19them. I helped them to see t
6、hemselves20, and they built themselves intowinners.Winners are made, not born.1.A.luckB.testsC.effortsD.nature2.A.experimentB.experienceC.visitD.show1名校名 推荐 3.A.operatingB.editingC.consultingD.coaching4.A.successfulB.excellentC.strongD.new5.A.cheer forB.prepare forC.help withD.finish with6.A.believe
7、B.agreeC.describeD.regret7.A.realizeB.claimC.permitD.demand8.A.reacting toB.looking forC.depending onD.caring about9.A.decisionB.attitudeC.conclusionD.intention10.A.prideB.cultureC.fortuneD.relationship11.A.leadersB.partnersC.winnersD.learners12.A.rewardsB.vacationsC.healthD.honor13.A.riskedB.missed
8、C.consideredD.practiced14.A.defeatB.declineC.accidentD.mistake15.A.relaxB.improveC.expandD.defend16.A.shameB.burdenC.victoryD.favor17.A.chancesB.thrillsC.concernsD.offers18.A.surpriseB.serveC.interestD.affect19.A.encouragedB.observedC.protectedD.impressed20.A.honestlyB.individuallyC.calmlyD.differen
9、tly答案1.C2.B 3.D 4.D5.B6.A7.A8.C 9.B 10.A11.C 12.B 13.D14.A15.B 16.C17.B18.D19.A20.D第二节阅读理解ASuppose you re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you ve clicked “ send” . You f i
10、n horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking“ send” too soon2名校名 推荐 Don t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is
11、the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep thetone measured:don t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunde
12、rstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking“ reply all” unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露 )to the entire company what menu choices youwould prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you d like to take. In thiinstance, the best solution is to send
13、 a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting“ reply all ” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message
14、 to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write anunkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally sendit to the person you re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon aspossible and say sorry. Explain your frustr
15、ations calmly and sensibly see it as anopportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel.A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to.A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tel
16、l the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your“ reply all”email?3名校名 推荐 A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-he
17、arted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receiver s friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly abou
18、t?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.答案1.C2.A3.B4.D5.CBHollywood s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的 )minds will drive armies ofkiller robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(A
19、I)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who foundedthe field of cybernetics(控制论 ), put it this way:“ If we use, to achieve our purposes, amechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfe
20、re(干预 ), wehad better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which wereally desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born,
21、nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own of
22、f switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could4名校名 推荐 face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of enter
23、ing into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to
24、work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines
25、. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share thegoals of humans. Others say we can just“ switch them off” as if super intellige
26、ntmachines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist ErnestRutherford stated,with confidence,“ Anyone who expects a source of power in thetransformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” How
27、ever, on September12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导 ) nuclear chainreaction.5.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human s real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician6.Machi
28、nes with specific purposes are associated with living things partly becausethey might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given orders5名校名 推荐 D.beat humans in international chess matches7.According to some re
29、searchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots affecting the world8.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the develo
30、pment of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.答案5.A6.A7.D8.C第三节任务型阅读For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand themystery of the “ sixth senseof direction”. By trying out ideas and solving proble
31、ms one by one, they are now getting closer to one answer.One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针 ).Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体 ).So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south. When people discovered tha
32、t idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass, it allowed sailors to navigate(航海 )on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.Actually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature.Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes. Som
33、e of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night. Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns. But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies. How can they do that?6名校名 推荐 A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is thehoming p
34、igeon. Not all pigeons can find their way home. Those that can are verygood at it, and they have been widely studied.One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds headsblock their magnetic sense just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call todinner. On sunny days, tha
35、t did not fool the pigeons. Evidently they can use the sun totell which way they are going. But on cloudy days, the pigeons with magnets couldnot find their way. It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense.Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees.These
36、 insects also seem to have a special sense of direction.In spite of the experiments, the idea of an animal compass seemed prettyextraordinary. How would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass?An answer came from an unexpected source. A scientist was studying bacteriathat live in the mud of p
37、onds and marshes. He found accidentally little rod-likebacteria that all swam together in one directionnorth.Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particlesinside, which proved magnetic. The bacteria had made themselves into little magnetsthat could line up with the ea
38、rth. s magnetThe big news was that a living thing, even a simple bacterium, can makemagnetite. That led to a search to see whether animals might have it. By using aspecial instrument called magnetometer, scientists were able to find magnetite in beesand birds, and even in fish. In each animal, excep
39、t for the bee, the magnetic stuff wasalways in or closer to the brain.Thus, the idea of a built-in animal compass began to seem reasonable.The Magnetic SenseThe Living CompassPassage outlineSupporting detailsThe existence of Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely 1magneticthe earth magnetneed
40、le lines itself with the earth magnet to point north andand thesouth.7名校名 推荐 invention of the 2on the idea above,the navigating compass passThe possibility One piece of evidence is the 3 of many birds betweentheir summer homes and winter homes.of birds builtin- Birds can recognize star patterns on c
41、lear nights and keep oncompassescourse4under cloudy skies.The5on Little magnets were tied to the pigeons6headstheirtomagnetic sense.pigeons and The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected7onbees built-passes Similar things with the same results were done with bees.The8of the Little rod-like bac
42、teria were found by chance to swimmagnetic stufftogether in the direction of 9 .for the animal Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in orcompassclose to the10 inside their bodies.答案1.swinging2.Based3.migration4.even5.experiments/tests/study/research6.block7.cloudy8.discovery9.north10.brain(s)8