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1、最新高二英语阅读理解( 社会文化 ) 专项训练 100( 附答案 ) 含解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role intheir lives. After the development of large, ocean- going sailing ships in the fifteenthcentury, the
2、 sea became even more important to the countrys development. Shipssetting sail from England determined to extend Britains territories, its wealthand its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, peopleand new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had t
3、he largest,most powerful navyin the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life thatthey even affected the language.Many English expressions we use today were originallynautical(航海的 )terms, although mostpeople no longer realize this. For example, people commonlydescribe an hone
4、st and fair business deal as being above board. Thisexpression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest shipsbusiness would be carried out below decks (below the boards) out ofpublic view.On the other hand, honest business was always conductedon deck (above theboards),in t
5、he open where everyone could see what was going on.Pipe down!,meaning Be quiet!,is anothercommonexpression that has nautical origins.The ships boatswain ( 水手长 ) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.Most native
6、 English speakers have heard the expression notenough room to swing a cat, but few know that the cat does notrefer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The cat isactually a short form of cat of nine tails a whip with nine, knotted( 打结的 ) tails. Aboatswain needed a lot of spacein order
7、to swing the whip properly when lashing ( 鞭打 ) a poor sailor under his control!（ 1） The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because _.A. they occupied more land around the world B. they got more wealth from the sea C. they live on an island surrounded by the sea D. they had the largest
8、navy ever（ 2） If someone is open and above board, it means he is _.A. secretiveB. honestC. cheerfulD. dishonest（ 3） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Sailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.B. Sailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.C. A poor sai
9、lor may be whipped nine times a day.D. There is no spare room to raise cats on ships.（4） What is the main idea of the passage?A. The business on British sailing ships.B. The influence of British sailors language on English.C. The sailing history of England.D. The sailing story of British sailors.【答案
10、】 （1） C（ 2） B（ 3） A（ 4） B【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇 明文，英国作 一个 国，四周 海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。英国曾有着 大的海 。一直以来，水手 常使用的一些航海 丰富并影响着英 言。（1）考 理解。根据第一段中的“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprisingthat the s ea has always played an important role in their lives.可知，英国被海洋 ” ，海 英国人的生活影响很大。故 C。（ 2 ）考 猜 。根据第二段中的 busi
11、ness deal as being “ aboveboard“ peoplecommonlydescribean honestand fair”可知，如果 ”一个 公正的人就会被 是aboveboard 。”故 B。（3）考 理解。根据第三段中的“The ships boatswain (水手 ) would blow a whistle, orpipe, at the end of the day to indicate ( 表明 ) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep. 可”知船上的水手 会在一天 束的 候
12、吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手 表示 安静下来睡 了。故 A。（4）考 主旨大意。第一段介 英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周 海，航海在人 的生活中起着重要的作用。以此引入主 即水手 在航行 使用的一些航海 英 言所 生的影响。故 B。【点 】本 考点涉及 理解， 猜 和主旨大意三个 型的考 ，是一篇文化 ，要求考生在捕捉 信息的基 上， 一步根据上下文的 关系， 行分析，推理，概括和 ，从而 出正确答案。2 理解Some international languages are widely used formany purposes. Some minority languages will di
13、e out and some nations tend tokeep minority languages. I reckon that most common used internationallanguages ease our life quality and communication with different nationalities.On the other hand, we need to help improve minority languages.There are many languages in the entire world buttwo or three
14、 minority languages die out each year. Some countries try to savedying languages. For instance, Australian Government created a project to savethe language and culture of Maori who are Australian aborigines. And there areother projects to keep minority languages such as American Indian language.Howe
15、ver, the worldwide job market usuallyrequires candidates who can speak English or other international languages.People who cannot speak lingua franca (共通 ) could hardly be promotedat work. For example, some companies need an employee who can deal withforeigncompanies. So most people tend to learn at
16、 least one international languagethat helps them to find a better job.Therefore, world needs one common lingua francathat should be spoken in any country. Consequently, one common language shouldbe a required subject in every school. So anyone speaking one common languagecan travel without worries t
17、o any point of the world and trade their products. Peoplewill not be forced to learn many languages.In conclusion, we should help minority nationsto keep their languages for the cultural diversity. To ease the worldwidecommunication among nations, we should create a common language and providecourse
18、s of it. As a result, no one will face a language issue.（1） What does the underlined word“reckon ” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Deny.B. Fear.C. Ignore.D. Think.（ 2） What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Not all minority languages are useful.B. Some minority languages have died out.C. Maori is attractiv
19、e to Australian tourists.D. American Indian language is well preserved.（ 3） Why do most people study more international languages?A. It benefits their journey.B. They can earn more money.C. It does good to find a good job.D. They are eager to get promoted.（ 4） How can we stay away from language prob
20、lems?A. By learning a common language.C. By studying more languages at college.【答案】 （1） D（ 2） B（ 3） C（ 4） AB. By wiping out minority languages.D. By communicating more with foreigners.【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一些国际语言被广泛用于许多目的，多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。作者建议通过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Some minority lang
21、uages will die out and some nationstend to keep minority languages.一些少数”民族语言消亡，一些国家倾向于保持少数民族语言。 ”I reckon thatmost commonusedinternationallanguages ease our life quality andcommunication withdiffere ntnationalities.我认为”最常用的国际语言缓解我们的生活质量和与不同民族的沟通。由上下文联系推知划线词的意思是“想，认为 ”。故选 D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“There ar
22、e many languages in the entire world but twoor three minority languages die out each year.可知一些少数民”族的语言已经灭绝。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So most people tend to learn at least one internationallanguage that helps them to find a better job.多数人学习更”多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。故选C。（ 4 ）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Toease theworldwideco
23、mmunicationamongnations, we should create a common language and provide courses of it. As a result, no one willface a language issue. 可知通过”学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解Academic learning is usually in the spotlight a
24、t school, but teaching elementary-age students“ soft ” skills like-controlself and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.Once a program called Fast Track was started in the early 1990s for more than 7,600 children of 55 schools in America.
25、 They were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems. The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups,academic tutoring and lessons
26、in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through 10th grade, reduced delinquency( 少年犯罪 ), arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood.In another latest study, by looking at the data from nearly
27、 900 students in previous findings, researchers found that about a third of the influence on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast T
28、rack, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional( 情绪的 ) intelligence. Soft skills might include teachingkids to work cooperatively in a group or teaching them how to think about the long-term consequences when
29、they make a decision.Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in oureducation system and in our system of socializing children. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children as should education policymakers. To the extent we c
30、animprove those skills, we can improve outcomes in delinquency.（1） Fast Track was intended for children who.A. were randomly chosen from their schoolsB. had some problems with academic learningC. often went against their teachers and parents wishesD. were considered to have criminaltrouble in the fu
31、ture（ 2） What can be learned about the intervention in Paragraph 2?A. It included all the students.B. It focused on social skills.C. It improved health services.D. It had positive outcomes.（3） Compared with soft skills, hard skills.A. almost have no influence on studentsB. are more affected by stude
32、nts emotionC. are mainly related to academic learningD. offer children greater self-control abilities（ 4） Which is the best title for the passage?A. Soft Social Skills MatterB. Fast Track Helps ChildrenC. How to Prevent DelinquencyD. What to DO for Education【答案】 （ 1） D（2） D（3） C（4） A【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明
33、文，讲述的是软社交技能的重要性。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “ Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary- age students soft skills-likecontroselfand how to get along with othersmight help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.可知， Fast Track是为那些在未来被认为有犯罪问题的儿童准备的。故选D。(
34、2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 “ The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self- control and social skills. 学生被随机”分为两组；一半的人参与了 theintervention ，其中包括教师主导的课程、家长培训小组、学术辅导以及自
35、我控制和社交技巧方面的课程。由此推知划线词的意思是“辅导 ”，故选 D。(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics,which weretaught as part ofFast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime anddelinquencyrates than didthesoft skills, whichare associated withemotional( 情绪的 )intelligence
36、.可知”，与软技能相比，硬技能主要与学术学习有关。故选C。(4)考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“ Researchersdrew the conclusionthat these soft skillsshould be emphasized even morein our education system and in oursystem of socializingchildren. 可知”，本文讲述的是软社交技能的重要性。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4
37、阅读理解The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear bluejeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do thesethings every day.I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people areof
38、ten influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries(记录片 ) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made inHollywood.In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty pe
39、rcent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.American culture is a part of Spanish life now. Its certain that many things from America are as much a part of peoples lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical
40、Spanish product. Ive known about Coca Cola for my whole life.However, its different with Western fast food. For example, I dont think McDonalds is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people, The Spanish people norm
41、ally eat at home.On the other hand, maybe McDonalds hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanishtapas. Its true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonalds, and it is more popular amongthe Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, its obvious that American culture isbeco
42、ming more and more a part of our lives every day.（1） From the first paragraph we can know that.A. the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere.B. most Spanish people dontlike to listen to their own music,C. fast food spreads from Spain to the United States.D. some Spanish actors go to A
43、merica toimprove their acting skills.（ 2） What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?A. American novels.B. Hollywood movies.C. McDonald.D. American music.（ 3） Why did the government set some rules for the films shown in Spain?A. To protect foreign culture in Spain.B.
44、To earn more money from Spanish films.C. To limit the number of foreign movie.D. To unite European Communities.（ 4） What do you think Spanish tapas might be?A. The name of a drink.B. The name of a restaurant.C. A clothing brand.D. A certain kind of food.【答案】 （1） A（2） B（3） C（4） D【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了
45、美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Ithinkthat American movies are a good way to spreadAmerican culture可知”，故答案选B。(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ In the last few years, the government has tried to protectthe Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at
46、 least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in E urope. 可”推断出，西班牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。选C。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 “ On the other hand, maybe McDonalds hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. 可”知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙tapas，由此可推断tapas 指西班牙的一种食品。选D。【点评】本题考点涉及