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1、Book Test #4: Section 1Sample Essay - Score of 6The power of success can be disastrous when placed in the wrong hands. Naturally, there are those who will always choose to manipulate conditions to succeed in their own endeavors, not taking into consideration the lives of those around them. On the ot
2、her hand, there may be those who do not necessarily pursue selfish ends, but simply do not know where to take success once it has been achieved, thus resulting in their own self-sabotage.Throughout history, we have seen success used wrongfully in the hands of the unworthy. Powerful leaders of nation
3、s, kingdoms, and empires, having succeeded in gaining leadership, have then used their influence wrongfully in achieving their own selfish (and sometimes twisted) goals. Nero, the Roman emperor who beat his pregnant wife to death and has been suspected of instigating the great fire of Rome in an att
4、empt to boost his own political influence. Henry VIII of England, for whom women were beheaded for not bearing him a son, and who is rumored to have eaten eight chickens a night while English peasants starved. The notorious Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, who carried out the Spanish Inquisition. Th
5、e list is endless. Even in literature, we see the corruption and downfall of society and mankind as a whole as a result of the abuse of success in the possession of those who do not deserve it, as seen in William Shakespeares tragedy of King Lear. In the story, societal order is replaced with chaos
6、when there is a power shift from Lear to his evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This order only returns to a slight degree when virtue (in the form of Lears good daughter, Cordelia) returns to England. Success is hazardous when awarded to the unvirtuous.However, there may be those who are not necess
7、arily evil of greedy in their pursuits, but merely do not know how to handle success. This proves to be just more disastrous to the individual than to anyone else, since it is the individual who will then sabotage his own success to return to his former comfort zone. Success is meant to be grown upo
8、n, not exploited or feared.Success, when achieved by the unworthy or inexperienced, is a most disastrous element. Success is not about being happy at the expense of those about you it is about using ones newly gained happiness to improve the lives of others. If one reflects on the wise words of Ralp
9、h Waldo Emerson, one will never go astray: “To know that one person has breathed easier because you have lived -this is to have succeeded.”Section31 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerD : Choice (D) is correct. A symbol stands for or suggests something else by reason of associati
10、on. Often an invisible idea is represented by a visible person or artifact. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read The rebels saw the huge statue of the dictator as a symbol of the totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument. Statues or monuments frequently s
11、ymbolize the governance of the political figures or regimes they depict. Such symbolization in the minds of the rebels would explain their impulse to destroy it.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. An indictment is an expression of strong disapproval. If one were to insert th
12、is term into the text, the sentence would read The rebels saw the huge statue of the dictator as an indictment of the totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument. If the rebels thought the statue represented a disapproval of the regime they would be more likely to preserve than destroy it.
13、Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. An illusion is a misleading image. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read The rebels saw the huge statue of the dictator as an illusion of the totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument. It could b
14、e possible that the rebels saw the statue as a misleading image of the regime, but the sentence does not clearly support or explain such an interpretation. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrect. A copy is an imitation. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence
15、 would read The rebels saw the huge statue of the dictator as a copy of the totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument. It is illogical to say that a statue of a dictator is an imitation of a regime.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. A mockery is an insulting acti
16、on or speech. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read The rebels saw the huge statue of the dictator as a mockery of the totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument. If the rebels thought the statue was insulting the regime, they would be more likely to preser
17、ve than destroy it.2 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerA : Choice (A) is correct. Adept means highly skillful. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Residents of the isolated island were forced to master the art of navigation, becoming the oceans
18、 most adept sailors. It makes sense to say that those who had mastered the art of navigation became adept, or highly skilled, sailors.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Temperamental means unpredictable in behavior. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentenc
19、e would read Residents of the isolated island were forced to master the art of navigation, becoming the oceans most temperamental sailors. That the islanders were masters of navigation would probably mean that they did not behave unpredictably. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incor
20、rect. Congeniality means friendliness. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Residents of the isolated island were forced to master the art of navigation, becoming the oceans most congenial sailors. Masters of navigation are not necessarily friendly sailors.Explanati
21、on for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Vulnerable means open to attack or injury. If this term were inserted into text, the sentence would read Residents of the isolated island were forced to master the art of navigation, becoming the oceans most vulnerable sailors. Master navigators wo
22、uld likely be less open to injury or attack than other, less experienced sailors.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Reclusive means withdrawn or preferring solitude. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Residents of the isolated island were
23、 forced to master the art of navigation, becoming the oceans most reclusive sailors. While living on an isolated island might cause the sailors to prefer solitude, reclusivity does not describe their mastery of sea travel.3 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerB : Choice (B) is cor
24、rect. Penchant means an inclination, and to pilfer means to steal. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The spotted bowerbird has a penchant for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to pilfer cutlery, coins, thi
25、mbles, nails, screws, even car keys. In this sentence, the statement following the colon expands on what precedes it. Describing how bowerbirds steal objects from homes expands on the idea that they tend to amass bright shiny objects for their bower.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is
26、incorrect. Knack means a skillful ability, and to assess means to evaluate. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The spotted bowerbird has a knack for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to assess cutlery, coin
27、s, thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys. Although a bowerbird may be skillful at gathering shiny objects, it is unlikely that the bird would enter a house simply to assess, or evaluate, the objects found in a house, without then stealing them.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incor
28、rect. Purpose means a reason, and to dispense means to distribute or get rid of. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The spotted bowerbird has a purpose for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to dispense cutl
29、ery, coins, thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys. Although a bowerbird may have a reason for amassing shiny objects, it would enter a house to find objects, not get rid of them.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. A predilection is a preference, and to disturb means to disr
30、upt or unsettle. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The spotted bowerbird has a predilection for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to disturb cutlery, coins, thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys. If a bow
31、erbird had a predilection, or preference, for gathering shiny objects, the bird wouldnt enter a house simply to disturb the objects found there; it would want to gather them.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. A remedy is a cure, and to raid means to loot or plunder. If one
32、were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The spotted bowerbird has a remedy for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to raid cutlery, coins, thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys. Although a bowerbird may enter a house to
33、 raid shiny objects, it doesnt make sense to say that the bird has a remedy, or cure, for amassing shiny objects.4 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerA : Choice (A) is correct. Inseparable from means incapable of being separated, and legitimacy means conforming to socially accept
34、ed standards. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen inseparable from her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works legitimacy by winning her the support of medieval church authorities. The N
35、ot only. . . but construction indicates that the second clause of the sentence will be consistent with, and may extend the meaning of, the first clause. It makes sense that the support of the influential medieval church for theologically based scientific works would provide her works with legitimacy
36、.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Unconcerned with means not related to, and prestige means high social respect or regard. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen unconcerned with her theolog
37、y, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works prestige by winning her the support of medieval church authorities. If the support of the church won her scientific work high social regard, then it would likely be related to theology.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is inc
38、orrect. Derived from means to come from another place of origin, and profundity means depth of meaning. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen derived from her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scient
39、ific works profundity by winning her the support of medieval church authorities. Although her science may have been derived from her theology, it doesnt follow that the churchs support would make her work more profound.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Related to means con
40、nected with, and accuracy means correctness. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen related to her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works accuracy by winning her the support of medieval ch
41、urch authorities. Although her science may have been related to her theology, it doesnt follow that the churchs support would make her work more accurate.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Diminished by means lessened by or weakened, and detachment means objectivity. If one
42、 were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen diminished by her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works detachment by winning her the support of medieval church authorities. Although her scientific work
43、 could have been weakened by her theology, it doesnt make sense to say that her visions or the churchs support gave her scientific works objectivity. It is more likely that such support would weaken her works objectivity.5 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerA : Choice (A) is corr
44、ect. Elitist means favoring a small, high-status group, and perquisites are privileges. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Opponents of the research institute label it an elitist anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have perquisites rivaling those of pre-Revo
45、lutionary French nobility. A research institute that provides perquisites, or privileges, that are so excessive that they rival those of pre-Revolutionary French nobility can appropriately be called elitist, or favoring a small, high-status group. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is in
46、correct. Monarchical means pertaining to a king, and tribulations are sufferings. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Opponents of the research institute label it a monarchical anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have tribulations rivaling those of pre-Revolu
47、tionary French nobility. The pre-Revolutionary French nobility were not known for their suffering, and it is unlikely that the opponents of the research institute would criticize the institutes scholars for having tribulations, or sufferings.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrec
48、t. Irreproachable means faultless, and luxuries are extravagant comforts. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Opponents of the research institute label it an irreproachable anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have luxuries rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary French nobility. Opponents of an institution would not call it faultless and would criticize the institution for lavishing luxuries on its scholars.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Reprehensible means deserving blame, and afflictions are su