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1、宾语从句The Object Clause,什么是宾语从句,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的时态,宾语从句的分类,宾语从句的连接词,我们 知道 姚明 We know Yao Ming,我们 知道 他是一个著名的篮球运动员 We know,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。,一 什么 是宾语从句？,试比较,宾o,宾o,主s,谓v,he is a famous basketball player,that,连接词,我们 知道 他是一个著名的篮球运动员,谓v,主s,二、宾语从句的分类,1、做动词的宾语 e.g. We know youre harding-working.,2、做
2、介词的宾语 e.g. Im really interested in what is happening.,3、做形容词的宾语 在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 e.g. Im afraid itll cost a large amount of money.,三、连接词（引导词）,宾语从句结构： 主句 +连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句 1、当陈述句作宾语时 结构:主句+that + 从句 2. 当一般疑问句作宾语时 结构:主句+ if(whether) +从句 3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语时
3、 结构:主句+特殊疑问词+从句,1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），由连词that引导。that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略。,e.g. I cant say (that) I have any plans. Do you think (that) its genuine?,练一练 I think (that) _. （我要上路了） 2. Im afraid (that)_. （我不太明白你的意思）,Ill be on my way,I dont quite follow you,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或
4、if引导（口语中常用if），意为“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,例如： I didnt know whether (if) I could survive until morning. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,注意以下情况只用whether，不用if。,1. whether引导的从句常可以与or或or not直接连用。 如： Let me know whether you can come or not. Let me know if you can come or not. Let me know if or not yo
5、u can come. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. If it is true or not, I cant tell.,3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。如： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. 介词之后用whether。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. I worry about if I
6、hurt her feelings.,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which,
7、 whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以 不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money .,四、宾语从句的语序,句子的两种语序: 1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序,宾语从句必须用 _,陈述语序,There is a shop near here.,Is there a shop n
8、ear here?,一般疑问句做宾语,我问他是否想去游泳,1, 改为陈述语序， 2，用if/whether连接,I ask,Does he want to go swimming?,he wants to go swimming.,if/whether,I ask,我想知道你最喜欢那一条领带？,特殊疑问句做宾语,特殊疑问句做宾语,Which coat did you like best?,I wonder which coat you like best.,用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。,我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？,Which tie do you like best,特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序
9、连接词就是疑问词本身,I wonder,I wonder,ATTENTION,which tie you like best?,将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Are they doing homework?,There is a bank near here,They are doing homework,将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 3. Where does he live? 4.What language does she speak? 5.Why do you like pandas?,Where he lives,What l
10、anguage she speaks,Why you like pandas,陈述句：He is a writer . 老师说他是个作家。 My teacher says .,一般疑问句：Is he a writer ? 我想知道他是否是个作家吗？ I wonder .,特殊疑问句：Who is he ? 我不知道他是谁。 I dont know .,( that) he is a writer,who he is,whether / if he is a writer,1、Mark Twain was born in Florida .,2、I was told .,1、Are you an
11、 American ?,2、Roderick asked Henry .,1、How is that possible ?,2、Oliver wants to know.,Exercise Combine the following sentences,I was told ( that ) Mark Twain was born in Florida .,Roderick asked Henry whether / if he was an American .,Oliver wants to know how that is possible .,五、宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的
12、时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking w
13、ith her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play)
14、basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,wrote,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句 ）,ifwhether（一般疑问句 ）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理 自然现象 公式定理 名言警句 时态不变,六、小结,Do you kn
15、ow _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,4Linda said the moon_ round the earth. ? travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled,C,3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here,C,