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1、1This，These，That，Those作代词的用法180 “What is this（指近处的东西）？”“Its an apple”（在回答时不要再重复this）“What is that（指远处的东西）？”“It（不要说That）is a pear”（对比）“What are these（this的复数形式）？”“They（不要说These） are horses“What are those（that的复数形式）？”“They are donkeys”“What is this，and what is that？”“This is an apple and that is a pea
2、r”（对比）181 A beggar came，and he（不能说this或that）asked for money（除了下面情况外从不用this或that代表人）This is MrTanakaThis is MrSasaki（介绍见面）Hello，is that Jane？（英国说法）Hello，is this Jane？（美国说法）（电话用语）Stop crying and that（or there）is a good boy！Those who（为he who或one who的复数形式）come are my friendsThose（=The people）there（or co
3、ming here）are Jews（He is）Handsome boy，that！（为了强调而重复）182 This和that可以指具体的东西：He gave me one dollar，and this（more emphatic than it）was all he had183 This和that也可表示抽象的东西：He talked of freedom，justice and all that也可指品质：I like a man（or men）like this（or that），such a man（or men）as this（or that）184 还可和某些介词连用，有特
4、定的意思：At this（=Seeing or hearing this），he became angryWith this（=So saying），he leftUpon this（And then），he shook his headAfter this（=After this incident，this time），he became more carefulSince that（=Since that time），I have never met any friend185 偶有下面用法：Get out of this（=this place）（少见）He must have arri
5、ved by this（=this time）（少见）186 也可表示某些事物：He knows this，that and the other（matter）Some believe in this，some believe in thatI dont say anything against Mrthis or MrsThatThese came for paper，those for pens，others for ink187 也可指前面刚提到的东西：He has good intention，but that（指前句表示的内容）is not e noughI will learn m
6、usic，I know this（=learning music）is not easy188有时和and连用：You must do it，and that（=and you must do it）immediately（or at once）He decides to be a doctor and that（and he decides to be a doctor）after he gets marriedHe has many good dogs and these（and he has）very small onesHe is a doctor and a wellknown on
7、e at that（而且又是一个有名的医生）He has a car，and a very large car at thatHe knows nothing except music，and very little at thatPeople were killed and thousands of them at that189 That可以代表前面所提的东西，而this代表即将谈的东西：To be or not to be，that is a question（that指to be or not tobe）“You can depend on me”That was what he sa
8、idThis is a question：to go or to stay？（this指to go or to stay）What I can say is this：You can depend on meCoffee，cigars and liquor：these are my friends190 在某些词组中，that比this用得多：That is because you dont know yourselfThat is why you failedThat is how I made itSo（or And）thats thatThats allThat will do）That
9、s a good boyWhat of that？That is（to say）For all thatAnd thatAnd all that191 That和those还有下面这些特殊用法：He has that（=He has something）in his character which puzzles me（书面语）There was that（=There was something）in his way of speakingHe saw that（=something）in her face which made him afraidThere is that（=There
10、is someone）who knows the secret（少见）There were those（people）who said“no”（这样用时较多）He knew those who were opposed to him192 This有时用来表示“后者”，that表示“前者”：The gun is more important than the penThis（=The latter，The pen）cannot do without that（the former，the gun）English and Chinese are our school subjectsThis s
11、eems harder than thatWe study English，Chinese，geography，history and mathemat- icsThis last（=or This latter）is the hardest193 That和those若跟有介词短语，可用来代表前面提的东西，以避免重复，等于“the+前面那个名词”：The novel by Dickens is better than that（=the novel）by Wells（that代表“the+noun”）The novels by Dickens are better than those by
12、 WellsThe door of his house is like that of a churchThe ears of a reabit are longer than those of a catThis house is larger than that of my younger brotherThe greatest tragedy is that（=the tragedy）of a miserJohns name is below those of Mary and JamesThat和those后面有时跟有一个作定语的分词短语或从句：This house is larger
13、 than that（=the one在口语中用得更多一些）standing on the other side，located on the corner（that+分词）This road is the same as those（用the ones更好）leading to the CapitalThis house is better than that（用the one更好）I saw yesterday（That+从句）194 That有时用来代表前面提到的动作：“Did he learn music？”“Yes，he did sometimes，or Yes，hedid that
14、 sometimes”（that代表learn music）“Will his mother punish him？”“She wont”or“That she wont”（that代替punish him）“He will punish them”“That he will（=So he willHe will）”He has eaten it，that he has195 That 有时用来代替前面的补语，比go更为确定：He is my friend，that（my friend）he isDishonest？Yes，he is that（dishonest）He is a foolHe
15、 looks thatI find him that，and everybody calls him thatJohn is selfish，cunning and cruel，but his brother is not all thatYou know he cannot be that2This，These，That，Those作形容词的用法196 这几个指示词都可用作形容词，修饰后面的名词：These four pretty gold rings are hers（this，these，that，those通常放在其他形容词前面）This Shakespeares last work
16、is calledThe TempestThat fiftieth year of service was truly long197 有时和very连用，表示强调：You shall be punished this very hour（比this hour更强调）That very accident cost him his lifeThis very house is what I have been looking forThey were ready to kill him，but he decided to see those very people198 有时和there，her
17、e一起用，there，here要放在名词后面：Do you see that man there（不要说that there man）This lady here（不要说this here lady）is pretty199 This和that可以同时用，中间用and或or连接，表示随随便便，东一下，西一下：Dont run this way and that way（不要瞎跑。）He falls in love with this girl and that（一会儿爱上这个，一会儿爱上那个）He falls in love with this or that girlThe child br
18、oke this thing or that（一会儿打破这，一会儿打破那）This，that，or the other（or anothe）（=Some or other） reader will agree with the author of this book（总有读者赞同）有时表示对比（有的有的）：Many guests came：this one alone，that one with his wife，and another one with three or four friends200 有时表示数量：He needs a million dollars to do it，bu
19、t half this money（=halfa million dollars）is enough for meSome rooms have sixty students in them；others have half that number（=thirty）It is three feet，but twice this length（=six feet）would be better201 有时表示“我（们）的”：This（=My，Our）city has eight high schools in it（本市）This country has to import a lot of r
20、ice（本国）These eyes have seen itReply as soon as you receive this letterThe principal of this school is sixty years old202有时表示某种情绪：Forget that matter（鄙视）Look at that son of yours（兴趣）Dont mention those days again（遗憾）O those eyes！O that silvery voice！（赞美）Who is this Lilian Wang？（看不起）I am sick of these a
21、rtists（鄙视）203 用在时间词组中，表示特定的意义：Be gone this minute（=at once）He has won for this once（=at least on this occasion）They must have arrived by this timeYou shouldnt say such foolish things at these（late）years（or at your great age）204 可以和month一起用：I am（or was）busy this month（or these months），in the present
22、month（or in the present months），in the month（or inthe months）I was（or shall be）busy that month（or those months）205 可以和hour和day连用：We have been miserable to this hour（or day，year），and from this hour（forward）we shall be happyI shall see you one of these days206 可以和week，day等词连用，表示“以后（前）的”：I left Hong Ko
23、ng this day week（or month，year）（=this daylast week，etc）（英国用法）I shall leave Hong Kong this day week（or month，year）（= this day next week，etc）（英国用法）I saw her this time twelvemonth（or three years）I shall see her this day next month207 注意下面两个句子的差别：I did not see him this morning（or this spring）（说话时已不是早晨或春
24、天）I have not seen him this morning（or this spring）（说话时仍是早晨或春天）208 注意下面句子中this，these的用法：I havent seen her（for）this long time（好久没见到她）I havent seen her this half year（半年没见到她了）I havent seen her（for）this five months（有5个月没见到她了）I havent seen her these five months past（or back，since）I shant see her this hal
25、f year（会有半年见不到她了）I shant see her these five months（会有5个月见不到她了）I shant see her（for）these five months to come但下面的说法更普遍一些：I havent seen her for the last two daysI shant see her for the next five months209 下面句子也值得注意：I have read it this week（or month，year）（这周，这个月，今年读过，时间未完但已读完。）I shall read it this week（
26、or month，year）（时间已开始，但未读）I am reading it this week（给个礼拜读它）210 This和that可以和much连用，表示“这么多而已”，“那么多而已”：I know（or want，will say，admit，have）this much（or that much）（只知，只要这一些而已）That much I knowThis much is trueHe is right in that muchThis much（=that heyears）is certain that he has lived inIndia five years211 下面句子是不规范的，虽然有人这样说：Them（Those）boys wont agreeOne of them（those）houses is on fire3This，That可用作副词，修饰形容词等。212 My boy is not this（so）tallIt is about this largeI have never been this sickHe cannot earn that（so）muchIs he all that silly？How could he finish it that fast？Do you think that（=so）？