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1、华北电力大学实 验 报 告| 实训项目 数控铣床的操作和编程 课程名称 专业综合实验 |专业班级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 成 绩：指导教师：实验日期：1、目的与要求目的： 1）、了解数控铣床的结构和工作原理；2）、掌握数控铣床的编程；3）、掌握数控铣床的手动操作；4）、掌握数控铣床的刀具补偿输入、程序自动运行。要求：在规定的课程周期内： 1）、熟悉铣床本体、CNC、伺服单元、PLC、面板等部件的结构、原理、作用。 2）、掌握手动编程各种指令的意义功能；在掌握数控铣削加工工艺的基础上，根据加工工艺，编写指定零件的加工程序。 3）、能够熟练操作数控铣床。 4）、独立完成数控铣床的对刀，程序编制、录
2、入，加工出合格的零件。 5）、按课程要求编写相应的实训报告。2、实验报告内容要求： 1）简述数控铣床的结构和工作原理，数控铣削的加工过程； 2）指定零件的加工工艺，根据加工工艺编写零件的加工程序； 3）简述数控机床的操作过程，试切对刀的操作要点； 4）加工出的零件的照片。5）个人总结及心得体会；成绩评定表：序号考 核 项 目考 核 结 果成绩1表现和出勤2工艺和程序3实际操作与工件质量4实训报告总成绩 指导教师： 年 月 日一、简述数控铣床的结构和工作原理，数控铣削的加工过程1. 数控铣床的组成 ：数控铣床是由数控程序及存储介质、输入输出设备、计算机数控装置、伺服系统、机床本体组成。2. 数控
3、铣床的工作原理：数控铣床是一种高度自动化的机床，在加工工艺与加工表面形成方法上，与普通机床是基本相同的，最根本的不同在于实现自动化控制的原理与方法上。数控铣床是用数字化的信息来实现自动化控制的，将与加工零件有关的信息工件与刀具相对运动轨迹的尺寸参数（进给执行部件的进给尺寸），切削加工的工艺参数（主运动和进给运动的速度、切削深度等），以及各种辅助操作（主运动变速、刀具更换、冷却润滑液关停、工件夹紧松开等）等加工信息用规定的文字、数字和符号组成的代码，按一定的格式编写成加工程序单，将加工程序通过控制介质输入到数控装置中，由数控装置经过分析处理后，发出各种与加工程序相对应的信号和指令控制机床进行自动
4、加工。数控铣床的数字控制的原理与过程通过下述的数控铣床组成可得到更明确的说明。 3. 数控铣削的加工过程：1 首先根据零件加工图样进行工艺分析，确定加工方案、工艺参数和位移数据。2 用规定的程序代码和格式规则编写零件加工程序单；或用自动编程软件进行CAD/CAM工作，直接生成零件的加工程序文件。3 程序的输入和输出。手工编写的程序通过数控机床的操作面板输入，软件生成的程序通过传输通讯技术直接传输到机床。4 将输入的数控单元的加工程序进行试运行和刀具路径模拟等。5 通过机床的正确操作，运行程序，完成零件的加工。二、数控机床的操作过程，试切对刀的操作要点1. 手工编程操作将编制的加工程序输入数控系
5、统，具体的操作方法是：先通过机械操作面板启动，接着由CRT/MDI面板输入加工程序，然后运行加工程序。a、启动数控机床操作 机床启动按钮ON 程序锁定按钮OFFb、编辑操作 选择MDI方式或EDIT方式 按(PRGRM)健 输入程序名：键入程序地址符、程序号字符后按(INSRT)键。 键入程序段 键入程序段号、操作指令代码后按(INPUT)键。c、运行程序操作 程序锁定按钮ON 选择自动循环方式2. 调用程序操作 调用已储存在数控系统中的加工程序，具体的操作方法先通过机械操作面板启动数控机床，接着调用系统内的加工程序，然后运行程序。a、启动数控机床操作 机床启动按钮ON 程序锁定按钮OFFb、
6、调用程序操作 选择MDI方式或EDIT方式 按(PRGRM)键 调用程序键入程序地址符、程序号字符后按(INPUT)键。c、运行程序操作 程序锁定按钮ON 选择自动循环方式 按自动循环按钮3. 试切对刀的操作要点：先将工件和刀具装夹完毕，驱动主轴旋转，移动刀具试切工件的右端面，保持Z坐标不变X轴移动刀具离开工件，在相应刀具参数中Z的刀补中输入Z0，系统会自动将此时刀具的Z坐标减去刚才输入的数值，即得工件坐标系Z原点的位置。再移动刀架至工件试切一段外圆。然后保持X坐标不变Z轴移动刀具离开工件，测量出该段外圆的直径，将其输入到相应的刀具参数中X的刀补中，系统会自动用刀具当前X坐标减去试切出的那段外
7、圆直径，即得到工件坐标系X原点的位置。三、零件的加工程序:%O1002;G54 G40 G80 G17 G90 G49;M3 S1000;G00 Z5.0 F200.0;G00 X0.0 Y0.0G00 X-50.0 Y50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X-47.0G01 X-50.0 Y47.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-44.0G01 X-50.0 Y44.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-41.0G01 X-50.0 Y41.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-38.0G01 X-50.0 Y38.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-35.0G01 X-50.0 Y35.0G01 Y50.0G0
8、1 X-32.0G01 X-50.0 Y32.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-29.0G01 X-50.0 Y29.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-26.0G01 X-50.0 Y26.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-23.0G01 X-50.0 Y23.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-20.0G01 X-50.0 Y20.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-17.0G01 X-50.0 Y17.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-14.0G01 X-50.0 Y14.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-11.0G01 X-50.0 Y11.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-8.0G01 X-50.0 Y8
9、.0G01 Y50.0G00 X-50.0 Y50.0G01 Z-4.0G01 X-47.0G01 X-50.0 Y47.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-44.0G01 X-50.0 Y44.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-41.0G01 X-50.0 Y41.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-38.0G01 X-50.0 Y38.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-35.0G01 X-50.0 Y35.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-32.0G01 X-50.0 Y32.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-29.0G01 X-50.0 Y29.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-26.0G01 X-50.
10、0 Y26.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-23.0G01 X-50.0 Y23.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-20.0G01 X-50.0 Y20.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-17.0G01 X-50.0 Y17.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-14.0G01 X-50.0 Y14.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-11.0G01 X-50.0 Y11.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-8.0G01 X-50.0 Y8.0G01 Y50.0G00 X-50.0 Y50.0G01 Z-5.0G01 X-47.0G01 X-50.0 Y47.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-44.0G01 X-
11、50.0 Y44.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-41.0G01 X-50.0 Y41.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-38.0G01 X-50.0 Y38.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-35.0G01 X-50.0 Y35.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-32.0G01 X-50.0 Y32.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-29.0G01 X-50.0 Y29.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-26.0G01 X-50.0 Y26.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-23.0G01 X-50.0 Y23.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-20.0G01 X-50.0 Y20.0G01 Y50.0G
12、01 X-17.0G01 X-50.0 Y17.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-14.0G01 X-50.0 Y14.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-11.0G01 X-50.0 Y11.0G01 Y50.0G01 X-8.0G01 X-50.0 Y8.0G01 Y50.0G00 Z5.0G00 X50.0 Y50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X47.0G01 X50.0 Y47.0G01 Y50.0G01 X44.0G01 X50.0 Y44.0G01 Y50.0G01 X41.0G01 X50.0 Y41.0G01 Y50.0G01 X38.0G01 X50.0 Y38.0G01 Y50.
13、0G01 X35.0G01 X50.0 Y35.0G01 Y50.0G01 X32.0G01 X50.0 Y32.0G01 Y50.0G01 X29.0G01 X50.0 Y29.0G01 Y50.0G01 X26.0G01 X50.0 Y26.0G01 Y50.0G01 X23.0G01 X50.0 Y23.0G01 Y50.0G01 X20.0G01 X50.0 Y20.0G01 Y50.0G01 X17.0G01 X50.0 Y17.0G01 Y50.0G01 X14.0G01 X50.0 Y14.0G01 Y50.0G01 X11.0G01 X50.0 Y11.0G01 Y50.0G0
14、1 X8.0G01 X50.0 Y8.0G01 Y50.0G00 X50.0 Y50.0G01 Z-4.0G01 X47.0G01 X50.0 Y47.0G01 Y50.0G01 X44.0G01 X50.0 Y44.0G01 Y50.0G01 X41.0G01 X50.0 Y41.0G01 Y50.0G01 X38.0G01 X50.0 Y38.0G01 Y50.0G01 X35.0G01 X50.0 Y35.0G01 Y50.0G01 X32.0G01 X50.0 Y32.0G01 Y50.0G01 X29.0G01 X50.0 Y29.0G01 Y50.0G01 X26.0G01 X50
15、.0 Y26.0G01 Y50.0G01 X23.0G01 X50.0 Y23.0G01 Y50.0G01 X20.0G01 X50.0 Y20.0G01 Y50.0G01 X17.0G01 X50.0 Y17.0G01 Y50.0G01 X14.0G01 X50.0 Y14.0G01 Y50.0G01 X11.0G01 X50.0 Y11.0G01 Y50.0G01 X8.0G01 X50.0 Y8.0G01 Y50.0G00 X50.0 Y50.0G01 Z-5.0G01 X47.0G01 X50.0 Y47.0G01 Y50.0G01 X44.0G01 X50.0 Y44.0G01 Y5
16、0.0G01 X41.0G01 X50.0 Y41.0G01 Y50.0G01 X38.0G01 X50.0 Y38.0G01 Y50.0G01 X35.0G01 X50.0 Y35.0G01 Y50.0G01 X32.0G01 X50.0 Y32.0G01 Y50.0G01 X29.0G01 X50.0 Y29.0G01 Y50.0G01 X26.0G01 X50.0 Y26.0G01 Y50.0G01 X23.0G01 X50.0 Y23.0G01 Y50.0G01 X20.0G01 X50.0 Y20.0G01 Y50.0G01 X17.0G01 X50.0 Y17.0G01 Y50.0
17、G01 X14.0G01 X50.0 Y14.0G01 Y50.0G01 X11.0G01 X50.0 Y11.0G01 Y50.0G01 X8.0G01 X50.0 Y8.0G01 Y50.0G00 Z5.0G00 X50.0 Y-50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X47.0G01 X50.0 Y-47.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X44.0G01 X50.0 Y-44.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X41.0G01 X50.0 Y-41.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X38.0G01 X50.0 Y-38.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X35.0G01 X50.0 Y-35.0G01 Y
18、-50.0G01 X32.0G01 X50.0 Y-32.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X29.0G01 X50.0 Y-29.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X26.0G01 X50.0 Y-26.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X23.0G01 X50.0 Y-23.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X20.0G01 X50.0 Y-20.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X17.0G01 X50.0 Y-17.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X14.0G01 X50.0 Y-14.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X11.0G01 X50.0 Y-11.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X8.0G01 X50
19、.0 Y-8.0G01 Y-50.0G00 X50.0 Y-50.0G01 Z-4.0G01 X47.0G01 X50.0 Y-47.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X44.0G01 X50.0 Y-44.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X41.0G01 X50.0 Y-41.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X38.0G01 X50.0 Y-38.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X35.0G01 X50.0 Y-35.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X32.0G01 X50.0 Y-32.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X29.0G01 X50.0 Y-29.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X26.0G01
20、 X50.0 Y-26.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X23.0G01 X50.0 Y-23.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X20.0G01 X50.0 Y-20.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X17.0G01 X50.0 Y-17.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X14.0G01 X50.0 Y-14.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X11.0G01 X50.0 Y-11.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X8.0G01 X50.0 Y-8.0G01 Y-50.0G00 X50.0 Y-50.0G01 Z-5.0G01 X47.0G01 X50.0 Y-47.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X44.0
21、G01 X50.0 Y-44.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X41.0G01 X50.0 Y-41.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X38.0G01 X50.0 Y-38.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X35.0G01 X50.0 Y-35.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X32.0G01 X50.0 Y-32.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X29.0G01 X50.0 Y-29.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X26.0G01 X50.0 Y-26.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X23.0G01 X50.0 Y-23.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X20.0G01 X50.0 Y-20.0G01
22、Y-50.0G01 X17.0G01 X50.0 Y-17.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X14.0G01 X50.0 Y-14.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X11.0G01 X50.0 Y-11.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X8.0G01 X50.0 Y-8.0G01 Y-50.0G00 Z5.0G00 X-50.0 Y-50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X-47.0G01 X-50.0 Y-47.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-44.0G01 X-50.0 Y-44.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-41.0G01 X-50.0 Y-41.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-38.0G
23、01 X-50.0 Y-38.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-35.0G01 X-50.0 Y-35.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-32.0G01 X-50.0 Y-32.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-29.0G01 X-50.0 Y-29.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-26.0G01 X-50.0 Y-26.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-23.0G01 X-50.0 Y-23.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-20.0G01 X-50.0 Y-20.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-17.0G01 X-50.0 Y-17.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-14.0G01 X
24、-50.0 Y-14.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-11.0G01 X-50.0 Y-11.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-8.0G01 X-50.0 Y-8.0G01 Y-50.0G00 X-50.0 Y-50.0G01 Z-4.0G01 X-47.0G01 X-50.0 Y-47.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-44.0G01 X-50.0 Y-44.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-41.0G01 X-50.0 Y-41.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-38.0G01 X-50.0 Y-38.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-35.0G01 X-50.0 Y-35.0G01 Y
25、-50.0G01 X-32.0G01 X-50.0 Y-32.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-29.0G01 X-50.0 Y-29.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-26.0G01 X-50.0 Y-26.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-23.0G01 X-50.0 Y-23.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-20.0G01 X-50.0 Y-20.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-17.0G01 X-50.0 Y-17.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-14.0G01 X-50.0 Y-14.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-11.0G01 X-50.0 Y-11.0G01 Y-50.
26、0G01 X-8.0G01 X-50.0 Y-8.0G01 Y-50.0G00 X-50.0 Y-50.0G01 Z-5.0G01 X-47.0G01 X-50.0 Y-47.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-44.0G01 X-50.0 Y-44.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-41.0G01 X-50.0 Y-41.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-38.0G01 X-50.0 Y-38.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-35.0G01 X-50.0 Y-35.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-32.0G01 X-50.0 Y-32.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-29.0G01 X-
27、50.0 Y-29.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-26.0G01 X-50.0 Y-26.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-23.0G01 X-50.0 Y-23.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-20.0G01 X-50.0 Y-20.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-17.0G01 X-50.0 Y-17.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-14.0G01 X-50.0 Y-14.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-11.0G01 X-50.0 Y-11.0G01 Y-50.0G01 X-8.0G01 X-50.0 Y-8.0G01 Y-50.0G00 Z5.0G00 X-57.0 Y0.
28、0G01 Z-5.0G01 X0.0 Y57.0G01 X57.0 Y0.0G01 X0.0 Y-57.0G01 X-57.0 Y0.0G00 Z5.0G00 X-30.0 Y0.0G01 Z-2.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X-30.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 X-30.0 Y0.0G01 Z-4.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X-30.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 X-30.0 Y0.0G01 Z-5.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X-30.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 Z5.0G00 X0.0 Y0.0G01 Z-2.0G01 Y3.0
29、G17 G02 X0.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 X0.0 Y0.0G01 Z-4.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X0.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 X0.0 Y0.0G01 Z-5.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X0.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 Z5.0G00 X30.0 Y0.0G01 Z-2.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X30.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 X30.0 Y0.0G01 Z-4.0G01 Y3.0G17 G02 X30.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 X30.0 Y0.0G01 Z-5.0G01 Y
30、3.0G17 G02 X30.0 Y3.0 I0.0 J-3.0G00 Z5.0G00 X48.5 Y50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X35.1 Y36.5G03 X36.5 Y35.1 R1.0G01 X50.0 Y48.5G00 Z5.0G00 X48.5 Y-50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X35.1 Y-36.5G02 X36.5 Y-35.1 R1.0G01 X50.0 Y-48.5G00 Z5.0G00 X-48.5 Y-50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X-35.1 Y-36.5G03 X-36.5 Y-35.1 R1.0G01 X-50.0 Y-48.5G00 Z5.0G00 X-48.5 Y50.0G01 Z-2.0G01 X-35.1 Y36.5G02 X-36.5 Y35.1 R1.0G01 X-50.0 Y48.5G00 Z50.0;X0.0 Y0.0;M5;M30;%四、加工出的零件的照片