1、附 录The new high pressure cleaning the carWith the rapid development of industry, environment pollution is becoming more and more serious, the environmental protection question is already a global strategy. In order to adapt to the needs of the construction of urban environmental sanitation, clear in
2、 time the city, improve air quality, sanitation vehicles of development and development, has become an important topic of the set before us. The development of urbanization in our country, the increase of the road to the requirements of environmental protection and improve, which makes the sanitatio
3、n car requirement increasingly, high pressure cleaning the car as a sanitation in vehicles, having to clean the road, guardrail and purify airy action, is one of the important urban environmental protection equipment. The current domestic production of high pressure cleaning car backward in technolo
4、gy, there are many problems; Foreign cleaning vehicle performance while is superior, but the price is expensive, need a lot of foreign exchange, it is not the solution to the problem. Therefore, the development of new high pressure cleaning cars has become Chinas urban environmental protection work
5、important problem to be solved. It not only with independent intellectual property rights, and can improve the design level of our country special automobile, driving the sanitation vehicles in China to develop and manufacture independent design ability.1 a general introduction High pressure cleanin
6、g cars mainly by the power system, water system and hydraulic system, electronic control and manipulate system components. Power system for cleaning the car to walk and water pumps provide motivation. Water system mainly by the high pressure pump, water tank, valve, nozzle and other components, wate
7、r through the pump pressure can improve after to 8 MP, form high pressure jet spraying to road, effectively flush the sand dust. Hydraulic system mainly by the hydraulic pump and motor and and valve set and other components, control vehicle to walk and injection action. Electric control part by sens
8、ors, SCM and main display control panel etc. In this paper the development of high pressure cleaning car main technical parameters are as follows: The rating capacity; Engine output power 45 KW; The biggest water spray width is not less than 3 m; Spray work for vehicle speed 5 km/h; Spray water pres
9、sure is not less than 8 MP; Total number of nozzle 21; Water pump water largest amount 65 km/h.2 power distribution and switching system 2.1 the basic principle of the power transmission and scheme selection High pressure cleaning car according to the function of the realization of the divided into
10、two kinds of state: a normal work is driving condition, high pressure cleaning the car and general at the same car, realize the transfer function; vehicle 2 it is watering operations state, the state in the vehicle with very low, the speed of the high pressure water spray homework, cleaning the road
11、 Due to the high pressure cleaning the car need driving and driven two aspects of the pump power, so the dynamic how to provide design is to consider when the primary issue. At home and abroad and usually use the power distribution solutions has two, one is to adopt double configuration of the engi
12、ne power transmission system, is main engine vehicles not alter, transmission system will not do change, use a Taiwan independence in vehicles outside the system of power auxiliary engine drive hydraulic system for high pressure pump provide motivation. The advantages of this scheme is simple in str
13、ucture, the price is low, the disadvantage is as the vehicle in the water spray work driving the speed, low speed less than 10 km/h, this time the main engine cant work in the best working point, that power allocation is not reasonable, can produce fuel and power waste, and occupy the space of vice
14、engine body, less the water storage volume, vice vehicle engine installation added new vibration noise sources, the influence the stability of the vehicle. Another plan is to use the vehicle engine vehicle transmission system and hydraulic system provide the power, through the points with FenDongXia
15、ng action, in the transfer road, driven by the main engine FenDongXiang to driving axle differentials, high speed movement; vehicle In injection homework road, driven by the main engine FenDongXiang to hydraulic system, on the one hand, control operation speed, on the other hand, the drive pump wate
16、r spray. The scheme with the foregoing scheme, its advantage is compared, giving full play to the engine power, make the vehicle in the water spray operations can still working at high speed rating of the work of the state, not only save one engine, reduce the fuel consumption, and engine exhaust em
17、ission index is more advantageous to achieve urban environmental protection requirement. The vehicle structure more reasonable, vehicle weight of low, water storage space increases. To sum up, single engine configuration is a more reasonable configuration, so this paper power in the new, high pressu
18、re cleaning vehicle design, using a single engine design scheme.2.2 power distribution To ensure the high pressure pump provide of the injection pressure is constant, drive the hydraulic loop quantitative hydraulic pump must work in constant speed rating of the work of the state, water spray operati
19、ons vehicle of the speed and the road of injection effect is also not to change about the amount of driving, so drive the variable pump will work in constant speed rating of the work of the state, the consumption of driving power also for setting value. Thus, when the engine power to homework for se
20、tting value. 2.3 new single axis FenDongXiang design FenDongXiang power distribution is the core of the system, the traditional thought of design FenDongXiang usually adopts two to three axis structure of power distribution. This paper introduces the design of new light high-pressure cleaning vehicl
21、e USES the chassis is isuzu NKR55LLA light chassis, with traditional structure of the FenDongXiang sizes too large, cant meet the size requirement. According to the characteristics of the power distribution system, independent design and development of the single shaft driving, the FenDongXiang grea
22、tly reduced the FenDongXiang size, make body structure more compact. 3 hydraulic system The hydraulic control system is watering operations every action when the key to meeting, and the main variable pump, the quantitative pump, the drive motors, hydraulic cylinder, cooler, integrated control valves
23、 piece, filter etc. From the function of the realization of the perspective, hydraulic system by hydraulic motor drive travel system and hydraulic pressure motor drive water spray system two sub-systems. 3.1 hydraulic motor drive driving system The variable pump, hydraulic motor and the correspondin
24、g hydraulic loop hydraulic subsystem, a walk for the system for oil pump, and quantitative pump coaxial connected. This system consists of integrated control valves to realize the control of hydraulic pump and hydraulic system. The variable pump and motor selection, according to the basic power to d
25、etermine the value. 3.2 hydraulic motor drive water spray system Hydraulic motor drive water spray system by quantitative pump, quantitative hydraulic motor, water pump, relief valve, cooler, filter and hydraulic cylinder and stacked valves group etc. For the hydraulic cylinder and stacked valves gr
26、oup together, for the control of water spray frame lift, extendable such action. The hydraulic oil tank, passes through to return to cooler water.4 water injection system The water system is high pressure cleaning the car mainly by the core part high pressure water pump, water spray nozzle, frame, t
27、he spray gun and valve etc. Water tank flow of water out of the pump will improve after water pressure to 8 MP, form high pressure jet spraying to the road. The high pressure pump rational selection of engine efficiency, the best utilization, best flush efficiency have important influence, need acco
28、rding to the design requirements and engine parameters, such as to determine the high-pressure pump power, speed and the parameters such as pump pressure at work. Water system design of the main problems including the following two aspects. 4.1 the telescopic multi-degree-of-freedom water spray fram
29、e Water spray frame is injection system of actuators, installed in high pressure cleaning car head, high pressure water spray nozzle in the frame. To increase the width of the jet wash, design the new hydraulic control expansion institutions. Work, install a nozzle two of the rear protruding from th
30、e front of the car, and the nozzle into a straight line, and the high pressure water jet to; After completion of work, back to the nozzle tube retract side. Water spray frame from ground level also controlled by hydraulic system, also designs of the mechanical structure, highly fine-tuning height ad
31、justment to trace. 4.2 water spray system parameters optimization High pressure cleaning the car is the purpose of the quality of the road surface cleaning out clean, so, how to improve the cleaning effect, water conservation is design to consider when important question, also is the past studies th
32、e problem of no point to consider. The effect of road surface cleaning and many parameters. Including injection height, the shape of the nozzle, injection pressure, injection Angle, jet width, nozzle diffusion Angle, distance of the nozzle. Through a lot of the theoretical and experimental research,
33、 to determine the height of the injection pressure injection, jet Angle, the width of the jet, the nozzle of the diffusion Angle of pavement, wash the best results, the wash rate in above, clean unit area of the pavement, the consumption of water and energy, reached the best matching value. 5 electr
34、onic control and operation system design Electronic control system to realize the working state of the vehicle display, monitoring, alarm and control etc. Function. Mainly includes the instrument shows system, dashboard, the hydraulic oil drive speed dial, hydraulic oil temperature display, hydrauli
35、c display, water tank water of the display and alarm, PenShuiGuan working status display, hydraulic system running time records, and other functions, the whole system USES modular design, the control panel integrated in driving indoor proper place, facilitate the operator control operation. The wate
36、r tank of the monitoring and forecast of electric control system is the important link, must be strictly controlled. Tank water after cooler for hydraulic oil after cooling to enter high pressure pump and so have a water tank must be reserved to the amount of water. In the the design of the magnetic
37、 levitation type level sensor, accurately measure the level of height. Control system mainly including operation box, the power switch handle, oil, left, pedal drove speed, PenShuiGuan right control handle, water spray handle adjustable control handle to and fro and speed of the pedals. The design o
38、f the control system, the arrangement of the operation box, structure, the handle position, fully considered the man-machine engineering requirements, easy to control. 6 general structure design On the structure, the vehicle including chassis (with cab), water tank, hydraulic oil tank, water pump, F
39、enDongXiang, water spray rack large components. Water pump and hydraulic pressure tank parallel is decorated in the cabin and water tank, or so between both sides put hinged door outside using, open convenient, convenient in maintenance inspection. Water tank use stainless steel structure, outside t
40、he oval with decoration side wai and skirt edge. FenDongXiang arrangement in the chassis and the hydraulic oil tank in water pump, transmission and the second transmission shaft between. Vehicle used Unigraphics software for 3 d software entities, and USES the design of the vehicle assembly function
41、 of virtual assembly. 7 conclusion The development of new high pressure cleaning car, in order to improve the effect of washing and energy saving as the core, using a single engine the configuration of the power distribution way, give full play to the water spray operations of engine power, improvin
42、g the pressure of spray water; And the pavement flush the influence on the effect of parameters are optimized. The power distribution system, hydraulic system, water system, electronic control and control system, overall structure are studied. In the bodywork, single axis FenDongXiang development an
43、d research aspects such as road flush effect for several patents. This paper developed new high pressure cleaning car, prototype test each index, through to reserve requirements. High pressure cleaning the development of the new car, for the countrys high performance high-pressure cleaning the car i
44、ndependent development and played a good role. 新型高压清洗车随着工业的迅猛发展，环境污染显得越来越严重，环保问题已是一个全球的战略问题。为适应城市环境卫生建设的需要，及时清理城市路面，改善空气质量，环卫车辆的开发和发展，已成为摆在我们面前的重要课题。我国城市化的发展，道路的增加及对环保要求的提高，使得对环卫车的需求日益增加，高压清洗车作为环卫车辆中的一种，具有清洗道路、护栏和净化空气的作用，是城市环保的一种重要设备 。目前国内生产的高压清洗车技术落后，存在许多问题；国外的清洗车性能虽然优越，但价格昂贵，需要大量的外汇，终究不是解决问题的办法。为此
45、开发新型的高压清洗车已成为我国城市环保工作中需要解决的重要问题。它不但具有自主知识产权，而且可以提高我国专用车的设计水平，带动我国环卫车辆的自主设计开发及制造能力。1 总体介绍高压清洗车主要由动力系统、水系统、液压系统、电控及操纵系统等部分组成。动力系统为清洗车的行走和水泵提供动力。水系统主要由高压水泵、水箱、阀、喷嘴等组成，水流经水泵后压力可以提高到8MP，形成高压射流喷射到路面，有效地冲洗路面的灰尘砂粒。液压系统主要由液压泵、马达和和阀组等组成，控制车辆的行走和喷射动作。电控部分主要由传感器、单片机及显示控制面板等组成 。本文开发的高压清洗车主要技术参数如下：额定容量 ；发动机输出功率
46、45KW；最大喷水宽度不小于3m；喷射工作时车辆行驶速度为 5km/h；喷射水压不小于8MP；喷嘴总数 21 个；水泵最大喷水量 65km/h。2动力分配及切换系统2.1动力传动的基本原理及方案选择高压清洗车根据其实现的功能分为两种工作状态：一是正常行驶状态，此时高压清洗车和一般的车一样，实现车辆的转移功能；二是喷水作业状态，在此状态下，车辆以很低的速度进行高压喷水作业，清洗路面。由于高压清洗车需要行驶和驱动水泵两方面的动力，所以该动力如何提供是设计时需要考虑的首要问题。目前国内外通常使用的动力分配方案有两种，一是采用双发动机配置的动力传动系统，即车辆主发动机不作改动，传动系统也不作改动，使用
47、一台独立于车辆动力系统之外的辅助发动机驱动液压系统为高压水泵提供动力。该方案的优点是结构简单，价格较低，缺点是由于车辆在喷水工作时低速行驶，其速度小于10km/h，此时主发动机不能工作在最佳工作点，使功率分配不合理，会产生燃料和功率的浪费，同时副发动机占据车身的空间，相对减少了车辆的蓄水体积，副发动机的安装增加了新的振动噪声源，影响整车的稳定性。另外一种方案是采用车用主发动机为车辆传动系统和液压系统提供动力，通过分动箱的分动作用，在转移行驶时，动力由主发动机经分动箱到后桥差速器，车辆高速运动；在喷射作业行驶时，动力由主发动机经分动箱传到液压系统，一方面控制作业行驶速度，另一方面驱动水泵喷水。该
48、方案与前述方案相比较，其优点在于，充分发挥了发动机的功率，使车辆在喷水作业时仍可以工作在高转速的额定工作状态，不但节省了一台发动机，降低了燃油消耗，同时发动机尾气排放指标更有利于达到城市环保要求。整车的结构更加合理，车辆的自重较低，蓄水空间相应增加。综上所述，单发动机配置是一种更为合理的动力配置方案，所以本文在新型高压清洗车的设计中，采用了单发动机的设计方案。2.2功率的合理分配为保证高压水泵提供的喷射压力恒定，驱动该液压回路的定量液压泵必须工作在恒转速的额定工作状态，喷水作业时车辆的行驶速度与路面的喷射效果有关，也是不可改变的量，所以驱动行驶的变量泵也要工作在恒转速的额定工作状态，行驶消耗的
49、功率也为定值。因而，作业时需要的发动机功率为定值。2.3新型单轴分动箱的设计分动箱是动力分配系统的核心部分，传统思想设计的分动箱通常采用二到三轴结构进行动力分配。本文设计的新型轻型高压清洗车采用的底盘是五十铃NKR55LLA 轻型底盘，用传统结构的分动箱尺寸偏大，无法满足尺寸要求。根据动力分配系统的特点，自主设计开发了单轴传动的分动箱，大大减小了分动箱的尺寸，使车身结构更加紧凑。3液压系统液压控制系统是喷水作业时各个动作得以实现的关键，主要由变量泵、定量泵、驱动马达、液压缸、冷却器、集成控制阀块、过滤器等组成。从实现的功能上来看，液压系统由液压马达驱动行走系统和液压马达驱动喷水系统两个子系统组成。3.1液压马达驱动行驶系统变量泵 、液压马达 和相应的液压回路构成了液压行走子系统， 为系统的补油泵，与定量泵同轴连接。该系统由集成控制阀块实现对油路和液压泵的控制。变量泵及马达的选型，基本根据前述的功率值来确定。3.2液压马达驱动喷水系统液压马达驱
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