1、新教材）2020-2021学年下学期高二期末名师备考卷英语第卷（选择题）第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOnline Bachelors Degrees and ProgramsThe overviewColleges offer online degrees in a range of fields. Click on a degree program to explore what courses you take, how long the program take
2、s to complete, career options and average salary. For example, to earn an online health science bachelors degree, you would take courses in public health, health communications and epidemiology(流行病学). The benefitsPursuing an accredited(官方认可的)online bachelors degree can help you take the next step in
3、 your career. Through your program, youll attend online lectures, study from home manage a busy schedule and interact virtually with professors and classmates.The applicantsAn online college degree may appeal to those who want more flexibility in completing their education, or who want to take class
4、es while working full time or parenting. Choosing where to register online will likely be challenging, but below youll find tools, advice and other resources to make your search easier.Best online bachelors programsU. S. News evaluated several factors to rank the best online bachelors degree program
5、s, including graduation rates and support services available remotely. School nameTuition per creditApplication deadlineFinancial aid availableUniversity of Georgia$ 326May 1YesGeorgia Washington University$ 615June 10NoUniversity of Arizona$ 525July 12YesNorth Carolina University$ 900February 15Yes
6、To see the full ranking list, please click here.1What will you do after attending online degree programs?AGet a degree for free.BAttend lectures in a hall.CTake some related courses.DTalk with teachers face to face.2Which university is the last one to end the application?AGeorgia Washington Universi
7、ty.BUniversity of Georgia.CNorth Carolina University.DUniversity of Arizona.3Where are you likely to read the text?AOn the Internet.BIn a magazine.CIn a textbook.DIn a newspaper.【答案】1-3 CDA【解析】1细节理解题。根据第一段的“Click on a degree program to explore what courses you take”和“For example, to earn an online h
8、ealth science bachelors degree, you would take courses in public health, health communications and epidemiology(流行病学)”可知，参加在线学位项目后，你会学习相关的课程。故选C。2细节理解题。根据表格中四所大学的申请截止日期可知，University of Georgia的截止时间为5月1日，Georgia Washington University的截止时间为6月10日，University of Arizona的截止时间为7月12日，North Carolina Universi
9、ty的截止时间为2月15日。经过对比可知，申请截止日最迟的是University of Arizona。故选D。3推理判断题。根据文章最后部分“To see the full ranking list, please click here.”可推知，本文最有可能在网上被读到。故选A。BKyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latec
10、omers. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. Thats right during some runs, one of them delivers a talk. Topics range from the brain to Bitcoin.But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The f
11、irst clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them. Running at an amazing pace, Cassidy told Runners World admiringly. Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, “Help! He took my phone and laptop!At that, the group did what running cl
12、ubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot（赃物）in a backyard.No luc
13、k. So they decided to ask residents whether theyd seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction siteand was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect da
14、rted out from behind the bush . and right into the arms of campus police, whod joined the chase shortly behind the runners.The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise. “Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat c
15、ells into heat,” Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. “But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities.”4Why do the group members gather together?ATo do some stretching.BTo have a regular run.CTo deliver a lecture.DTo cover some topics.5What does the underlined word “sp
16、rinted” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?ADashed.BPushed.CJumped.DEscaped.6We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to_ .Athe assistance of the runnersBthe owner of the row houseCthe campus police on patrolDthe joint efforts of the people7Which of the following best describes Cassidy?AAt
17、hletic and generous.BCourageous and ambitious.CHelpful and humorous.DThoughtful and demanding.【答案】4-7 BADC【解析】4细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture.”可知，宾州大学的同事和其他社区成员每周集结三天，进行大约30分钟的慢跑，由此可知，小组成员聚在一起
18、是为了进行常规的跑步，故B项正确。5词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Running at an amazing pace”可知，这个人跑的速度非常快，应该是从他们的身边疾驰而过，由此可知画线词词义为“猛冲”，故A项正确。6推理判断题。根据第三段中的“At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site.”及第四段中的“As the owner opene
19、d the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush . and right into the arms of campus police, whod joined the chase shortly behind the runners.”等细节描写可知，众人（跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等）合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获，故D项正确。7推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off”可知，劫案发生后，卡西迪马上投
20、入到对嫌犯的追捕之中，这说明他乐于助人；再根据最后一段中的“Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat, Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities.”可知，卡西迪对记者说“跑步通常是一项无用的运动，你可以将脂肪细胞转化为热量，但偶尔也会有用，这就是其中一个机会”，这是一种诙谐的说法，说明他很幽默，由此可知，卡西
21、迪既乐于助人又有幽默感，故C项正确。CAn infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a host by pathogens（病原体）whose activities harm the hosts tissues and can be spread to other individuals.Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an infectious agent th
22、at causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are quite different. In order to cause disease, pathogens must be able to enter the host body, stick to specific host cells, invade and multiply and do damage to host tissues.Pathogens may be spread through either direct or
23、indirect contact. Direct contact occurs when an individual is infected by contact with the infection source. It also includes taking in the infectious droplets released by sneezing or coughing. Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its host for a long period of
24、time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group.Public health measures typically involve killing the pathogen from its source or from its route of spread. Those measures include ensuring a safe water supply
25、 effectively treating waste water, and initiating animal control and vaccination（疫苗）programs, etc. Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits. Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measur
26、es, such as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.Man never stops fighting against all kinds of infectious diseases. But in the past two decades at least a dozen “new” disease have been identified, and traditional diseases that appeared to be “on their way out” are re-emerging. Globally, infec
27、tious diseases remain the leading cause of death. Clearly, the ballet has not been won. Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take m
28、ore responsibility for our own health.8Whats the main idea of paragraph2?A. Origin of true pathogens.B. Strategies for avoiding tissue damage.C. Nature of infectious diseases.D. Differences between infection and disease.9What is likely to cause disease spread through indirect contact?ABreathing in t
29、iny drops from coughingBEmbracing an infected person.CGetting bitten by an infected cat.DUsing umbrella a sick man used.10What does the underlined phrase “at bay” in paragragh 4 mean?AAt risk.CUnder control.BStay away.DWithin reach.11What can we infer about the last paragraph?AScience plays an impor
30、tant in defeating infectious diseases.BMan is at a loss about infectious diseases.CTraditional infectious diseases are dying out.DThe battle against infectious diseases is in vain.【答案】8-11 CDBA【解析】8主旨大意题。根据第二段中Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an
31、infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are quite different. “能够引起疾病的微生物被称为病原体。真正的病原体是在任何可能的宿主中引起疾病的传染媒介。“感染”和“疾病”的术语是完全不同的。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是“传染病的本质。”故选C。9推理判断题。根据第三段中Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its ho
32、st for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group. “当病原体能够在其宿主外的环境中存活很长一段时间的时候接触发生，因此，直接接触传染源而被污染的无生命物体可能是易感染人群的间接接触。”由此可推断，“一个生病的人用过的伞”可能通过间接接触引起疾病传播。故选D。10词义猜测题。根据第四段中Prevent infecti
33、on before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measures, such as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.“在感染开始传播前预防感染，并且通过一些简单的措施，如洗手、接种疫苗等，避免传播给他人。”由此可知，Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits.（就我个人而言，第一
34、道防线就是遵循良好的个人卫生习惯，远离病原体。）中的划线部分at bay的意思是远离病原体，也就是病原体“被控制住”。故选B。11推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more respon
35、sibility for our own health. “然而，我们大多数人越来越难以否认科学的断言。我们不断地接触大量相关的科学和医学知识，这鼓励我们为自己的健康承担更多的责任。”由此可知，科学在战胜传染病方面起着重要作用。故选A。DIf you think youd like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. If
36、you have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge?You wont have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all ap
37、plicants have a debate for the rare chances.The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know its quite possible because something similar has already been done in Antarctica.Another pro
38、blem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create ar
39、tificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russi
40、an and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied peoples reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an
41、adventure.Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?12What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?AThey will land on Mars in 2023.BThey can get money from donors.CThey will compete in a TV show.DThey do not need special skills.13What wi
42、ll the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?ACreate earth-like conditions.BBuild labs in Antarctica.CSpin the spaceship.DStart the Mars500 Mission.14What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage?ADifficult and dangerous.BDifferent but adaptable.CC
43、hallenging and unbearable .DAcceptable but depressing.15Whats the best title for the text?AMars: our final destination?BReady to be Mars colonists?CSpace travel: a thrilling adventure?DAre you a qualified Mars astronaut?【答案】12-15 CABB【解析】12细节理解题。根据文章前两段，特别是第二段“Mars One has already received money fro
44、m some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.(“火星一号”已经收到了一些捐赠者的捐款，并希望从对该节目感兴趣的电视观众那里获得更多捐款。该节目中，所有申请者都要为这一难得的机会进行辩论。)”可知，火星申请者需要在电视节目中进行辩论比赛。故选C。13细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The main responsibility of the fi
45、rst colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. (第一批殖民者的主要职责是在火星上创造一个人造环境，那里没有空气可以呼吸，也没有土地可以耕种。)”可知，第一批开拓者将需要创造地球的条件来解决火星上的基本生活问题。故选A。14推理判断题。文章第四段提到，对于火星殖民者来说，远离家乡，生活在狭小的空间里，反复看到同样的人也很困难。沮丧的殖民者可能会使任务陷入危险。幸运的是，几年前，俄罗斯和欧洲的一个联合项目“火星500
46、任务”研究了人类在类火星环境中的反应。它被视为一个巨大的成功，因为科学家们能够看到人们如何处理情绪和身体压力。)”可推断，第一批开拓者的生活是不同的，但是他们的适应性强。故选B。15主旨大意题。根据文章第一段、最后一段“Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍一家名为“火星一号”的荷兰公司刊登广告，招聘对殖民火星感兴趣的人，以及介绍在火星居住所存在的问题。所以“Ready to be Mars colonists?(准备好成为火星开拓者了吗?)”作为标题最
47、为合适。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Rachael Ray is known as a famous chef, magazine publisher, and creator of her own pet food. Recently, I was lucky to interview her about healthy eating. 16 . Here is what she said: Do what you love, and youll love what you do.Ray didnt spend her childhood dreaming of
48、 becoming a star. Instead, she remembers devotion to her creativity. “I didnt say, When I grow up, I want to be this or that. But I loved to read, draw, and be in the kitchen and around food.” 17 . She now spends her days creating meals and sharing ideas with people from around the world. When asked if it was exhausting to smile for the cameras every day, Ray said, “No, its fun. 18 .”Eat wellRay believes that kids should understand the need for healthy f
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