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1、3B U18 Learning the rules!,New words and expressions,whisper v.耳语，低语 upstairs adv.在楼上 afraid adj.担心的 whether adv.是否 fight v.打斗 wonder v. 想知道,mystery n. 秘密，神秘 martial art 武术 competition n. 比赛 a kind of 一种 rule n. 规则 What kind of rules do you have at home/at school?,New words and expressions,whisper：s
2、peak softly，in a low voice eg：Keep your voice down, I whispered. 短语：in a whisper低声地，悄声地 upstairs：go upstairs eg：Heledustoaroomupstairs. afraid be afraid that 害怕做某事 eg：Imafraidthistaskis beyondme.,New words and expressions,whether：if Eg：1.Heworried aboutwhetherhisplanwouldbe accepted. 2. Thinkit over
3、and letme knowwhetheryouagree withme. fight 词组：fight for为而战，而奋斗 fight against v. 对抗；反对；与作斗争 fight with与并肩战斗；为反对而战斗；与打架,单词记忆大比拼,根据汉语说出英语单词.,单词记忆大比拼,根据英语说出汉语意思.,mystery,martial art,fight,wonder,whether,afraid,upstairs,whisper,Martial art,Karate,yet用于疑问句，否定句，意为：迄今。,=Asked about what? What/How about+v.i
4、ng eg.How about going to the zoo?,间接疑问句 ask与tell，用法类似,注意现在完成时疑问句，陈述句。,现在进行表正在发生！,.,1.注意现在进行时 2.just为焦点副词，不只是现在完成时标志。,常用将来时，预测不希望发生的事。 间接陈述句,反身代词，强调主语,询问某人及答句。,want用法。,主句一般现在时，从句用将来时。,let+v.原形 间接疑问句,all分配词，谓语动词用单数,（间接陈述句） mean表理解和宣城的动词，如know，believe，say，see等通常无现在进行时,否定的反义疑问句，表期望得到对方肯定回答。,fight的v-ing形
5、式,all为adj,修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 考虑下和every的用法区别。,直接陈述句间接陈述句,be afraid that，know，mean表达的间接陈述句 She wont let me learn karate. I dont think（that）shell let me learn karate. 1.She probably wont let me learn karate. (afraid) 2.Shell say no. (sure) 3.Shell probably say no. (afraid) 4.Do you mind? (mean),直接疑问句间接疑
6、问句,ask （someone） if / whether 和know if / whether表达的间接疑问句，whether表示对答案更不确定 在if / whether 后面用陈述句语序（主语+动词） 类似引述动词：know，ask，find out，wonder，mind, find out等 Direct question： Is it raining？ Indirect question： He asked if / whether it was raining.,直接疑问句间接疑问句,1.Will you let him learn karate? 2.Can he learn
7、karate? 3.Have you asked Mum about karate lessons? 4.Where are going ？ 5.Can he ski? 6.Will Paul join the program? 7.Shell stay at the library. 8.Has she found a job? 9.Is she enjoying her job? 10.Are the trains running on time?,Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时,过去,现在,将来,主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）,助动词表示,帮助
8、动词来构成时态,现在完成时的结构,My mom has come back.,You have planted all the trees. I have planted all the trees. He/she has planted all the trees. They have planted all the trees.,区别have 和 has的用法,主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）,否定形式 havent ( have not ） +过去分词 hasnt ( has not ) +过去分词,疑问句 把助动词 have /
9、has 放在句首,现在完成时否定句和疑问句的结构,注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）,(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived , likeliked,过去分词,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”， 再加“ ed ”。 ， study-studied-studied cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先
10、双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped,3、不规则变化 （过去分词与过去式形式不一样）,taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone,2、不规则变化 （过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样）,havehadhad spend spentspent makemademaden saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard,4、不规则变化 （过去分词，过
11、去式与动词原形一样）,cutcutcut put putput letletlet readreadread cut- cut -cut,1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city.,现在完成时的用法,Mother: Dear son, clean your teeth please.,Son: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.,Mother: D
12、ear, tell your father to have breakfast please.,Son: Mum, dad has had breakfast .,Father: Tell your mother to buy some milk, son.,Son: Oh, she has just(刚刚) bought some.,Mother: Dear , you must clean our house today?,Father: Honey, we have just(刚刚) cleaned our house.,2) 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，更强调结果。 Someone
13、 has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的),常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 She has learned English
14、 for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?,常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.,for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子,Pattern 1( picture 110-130) A: Has Claire found a job? B: I ll ask her if shes found one,Pattern 2.(picture 140-150) A:I wonder if Claires found a
15、job. B:I dont know. Ill ask her if she has.,Pattern 3160170 A:I must know whether Clairs found a job or not? B: Leave it to me. I can find out whether shes found one.,注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时,I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已经不在这里工作了) I have worked here for more than twenty years. （现在
16、我仍在这里工作）,since: (自以来) 1)since+时间点 Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 从句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达） for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,用for 或since填空,Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. Ive taken driving l
17、essons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _my birthday. We havent used our car _ a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.,for,since,for,since,for,for,since,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,method 1:,动作,die,
18、be over,leave,borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I ha
19、ve kept the book for 4 months.,method 2:,It is + 时间段 since + 一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is 2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .,辨析 have been t
20、o和 have gone to,My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（已经）去了上海。,My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（曾经）去了上海。,She has been to China . 她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）,have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来 has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来,She has gone to China last week. 上周她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）
21、,用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空： 1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon. 2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice. 3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London. 4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already arrived. 5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.,has gone to,Have been to,have been to,have been,have been to,has gone to,has gone to,THE END,Thanks！,