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1、Adverbial Clauses,1. 什么是状语： 在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如： He works very hard. He is real handsome. 2.什么是状语从句： 用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。,really,1.Adverbial Clauses of Time: （时间状语从句）,3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:,2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句）,3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (条件状语从句）,4.Adverbi
2、al Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）,5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）,6.Adverbial Clauses of Result （结果状语从句）,7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）,8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句）,9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句 ),4. 位置 ： 主前从后亲密没够， 从前主后得有小逗， 从在主中需俩逗逗。 I was reading a book when he cam
3、e in. When he came in, I was reading a book. I was, when he came in, reading a book.,时间状语从句,when while as,before after till/until since,as soon as,普 通 连 词,特 殊 连 词,the moment the minute the second the instant,every/each time next time any time by the time the first time,immediately directly instantly
4、,When 的用法 When 即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句。 (从句动词可延续也可非延续) I was thin when I was a child. The film had been on when we arrived.,2. be about to do when be doing when be on ones way when be on the point of doing when had just done when 以上句式中的“when”译为“这时或那时”不可以用其它连词替换。 The telephon
5、e was ringing when I got home. I was about to go to bed when he came back.,We were just _ calling him up _ he came in. about ; when B. on the point of ; while C. on the point of ; when D. on the point of ; as,I was walking down the street while I heard someone calling for help.,when,3. When 还以引导条件状语
6、从句相当于if How can I explain it to you when / if you wont listen. When you read it again, the meaning will become clearer to you.,While 的用法 1. 必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。 My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. Please dont talk so loud while others are working.,2. “然而” 表示对比。 I like wat
7、ching TV while he likes reading.,3. 引导让步状语从句 “ 虽然、尽管” While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。 4. 引导条件状语从句 “只要” While we are here, dont worry.,As 的引导时间状语从句的用法 “随着” “一边一边” “当” 强调动作同时发生，无先后,.,1. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。 2. He hurr
8、ied home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。 3. As he was going out, it began to rain. 当他出去时开始下雨了。,“as”可以引导的其它状语从句： Young as he is ,he knows a lot. （ 让步） As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him. （原因） Do as I told you. / do as you like. （ 方式 ） He is as old as I /me. （ 比较 ）,连接词when, whi
9、le, as的用法区别： 1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的， 而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也 可以是非延续的动词。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个 从句，不可用as或while。 如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3表示“
10、随着,一边一边”，连词用as. 如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 4如果主句谓动是非延续性的，而从句谓动是延续性动词并使用进行时态时，when, while与as 可互换使用。 如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,问题1: 1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. whi
11、le C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. whileD. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. thatD. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last nigh
12、t? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. that D. until （注：句型：It is/was + 点时间+when从句）,A,D,B,B,问题2: 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7. (04年江苏
13、) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,D,A,C,Before 的多种翻译方式： 在之前 2.在It +be+短时间+before句型中 主句是肯定句式时：“ （多久之后）才 ” 主句是否定
14、句式时： “（过不了多久）就” 3. “还没来得及，就” 4. “趁”,Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在.之前 It will be 5 years before he returns to his motherland. 多久之后才 We waited a long time before he came out. 多久之后才 4. It wont be long before we meet again. 过不了多久就 5. He died before he wrote a will. 还没来得及 6. Catch
15、him before he escapes. 趁着 7. Please write it down before you forget it. 趁着,1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD. as 2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
16、A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after,C,C,A,till, until和notuntil： 1.主句是肯定句时，主句的动词必是延续性动词，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是 till/until都行。如： We waited until/till he came. 2主句
17、是否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词通常用until。如： He wont go to bed until she returns. 3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.,倒装,1. (03北京春) W
18、as his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C.
19、after D. until 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,Since 的用法,since + 时间 since then ever since It is/has been + 时间段 since did 译为 “既然”时引导原因状从,主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为 “自从”,Mr li has been
20、here since 1998. Mr li has been here since he came back. Its/has been two years since we arrived here. It is three years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住三年了。 It is two years since he smoked . 他不吸烟已有两年了。 It is two years since he began to smoke. 他吸烟有两年了。,B,D,1. （05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each
21、 other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because 2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. when B. that C. before D. since 3. -What about a cigarette? -_. Its 3weeks since I smoked. A. Yes, please B. No, thanks,B,as soon as,the moment the minute the second
22、the instant,immediately directly instantly no sooner than hardly/scarcelywhen,可以译为 “一就”的连词,1. As soon as he arrives, I will tell him. 2. The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 3. I left immediately the clock struck 5. 4. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it be
23、gan to rain. 5. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,时态、搭配、倒装,问题3: 1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. once 2. (1998上海) I thought her nice an
24、d honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had,B,C,C,一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语 1. Next time you come, please brin
25、g your composition 2. The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous. 3. You are welcome to come back any time you want to . 4. The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 5. By the time he arrived, the train had already gone.,时态,地点状语从句有where, wherever引导。 1. We
26、 must camp where we can get water. 2. I will follow you wherever you go. 3. Where there is a river, there is a city. 4. I will go where he went. 5. I will stay with you wherever he goes.,2. 地点状语从句,(2009年高考山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那个迷路的小
27、女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。,地点状语从句常见的连词有： 1. where 在地方，2. wherever 无论在地方，,(1) Make a mark -you have problems. (2) I will find him - he may be.,where,wherever,3地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 Where theres a will，theres a way. 有志者事竟成。 Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 地点状语从句和定语从句
28、的区别。 Go back where you came from. Go back to the place where you came .,【例26】 _ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend. A.What B.Where C.Whether D.Wherever 【例27】 She found her calculator _ she lost it. A.that B.where C.in which D.when 【例28】 This is the factory _ her mother worked last year A.th
29、at B.where C.in which D.wherever,引导原因状语从句的连词,considering /seeing (that) “鉴于，考虑到“， 也可引导原因状语从句,Because 表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因.即可以回答why的提问，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。 I cant go, because Im ill. He failed because he was too careful. It is because you are lazy that you have lost the job.,because 1)The ship change
30、d its course because there was a storm.,The ship changed its course because of the storm.,2)Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.,He was ill ,so he didnt go to school.,Being ill, he didnt go to school.,I didnt help him not because I was unwilling, but because I was unable to do it. (不是因为而是因为) 2.
31、 You should not laugh at him because he is poor 3.The country is not strong because it is big. （不因就）,Since 引导的语气次于because，表示稍加分析后推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。“ 既然，鉴于”常放于句首。 Since no one is against it, lets carry out the plan. As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。一般放句首。 As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him.,For 属
32、于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的理由。常放于句末。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. The spring is coming, for the birds are singing. Now that 用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以推论，位于句首，that 可省略。“ 既然，鉴于” Now (that) everybody is here, lets begin.,Seeing (that) ; considering (that ) Seeing / considering (that ) he is so
33、 young, that is excusable (可原谅的） 鉴于他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。,1.This was _ she was absent from school. 2.That was _ she was ill yesterday. 3. The reason _ she couldnt finish her homework is not_she forgot to do her homework, but _ she was busy nursing a sick classmate. 4.How can he get good grades when he wont
34、study?,why,because,why,that,that,when “既然” 表示原因,引导目的状语的连词有so; so that; in order that; in case; for fear that;lest目的状语从句中的谓语动词通常使用情态动词can, could, may, might, should, would We sit nearer the front so (that) we can hear better. Come early in order that / so that you can see him. He put his money in the
35、 safe for fear that it should be stolen. (他把钱放在保险箱里生怕/以防被盗) He runs fast in order to / so as to arrive there early.,.,Take an umbrella in case it rains.（以防） It may not rain, but youd better take an umbrella in case.（以防万一） Take an umbrella in case of rain.(介词 ） In case 后的从句使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，
36、也可用情态动词， 或者从句中使用should, should也可以省略。 Take an umbrella in case it rains. He left early in case he (should) miss the last train. 他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。,结果状语从句连词：so that ; such that; so that 1. She was so happy that she cried . 2. She worked very hard, so that she became rich in a very short time.(她努力工作很快就致富
37、了。) 3. He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. So 为副词，修饰形容词，副词， Such 为形容词，修饰名词。,So + adj. So + adj. + a/an + 单n. So + many/few+ 复数n.+ that So +much/little（多少）+ 不可数n. +that Such +a/an +adj. + 单n.+ that Such +adj. +复数n.+ that Such +adj. + 不可数n. + that,He was so honest that we all t
38、rust him. He was such an honest man that we all trust him. There was so much work that we couldnt finish it. There were so many people that we couldnt get in. It was such nice weather that we want to go out. So that.; such that 句型中，so ,such 位于句首， 主句须部分倒装 So terrible was the storm that some houses we
39、re destroyed. Such is the power of the TV that it makes a person famous in one night.,结果状语的表达方式 1. He is clever and honest, _all of us like him.(make) 2. I hurried to the airport, only _that my friend had gone already. (tell) 3. tooto （太而不能） enough to（达到某种程度可以） soas to (那么以至于） He got up so late that
40、 he missed the bus. He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus. He got up too late to catch the bus. He got up so late as to miss the bus.,making,to be told,. if，unless，so/as long as，once，in case (that),2. on condition that (条件是) suppose/supposing (that) (假设,如果) provided/providing (that)(如果) as f
41、ar asso far as when,引导条件状语从句的连词：,if not,只要,一旦,万一,I. if 1) If you work harder, you will succeed.,Work harder, and you will succeed.,Work harder,or you wont succeed.,Working harder,you will succeed.,时态:主将从现,有时表示条件的if之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)： If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the m
42、oney.,请等一下，我就去拿钱,2) If I had money, I would buy the car. If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.,3) I wake up only if the alarm clock rings Only if I get a job ,will I have enough money to go school.,4) If only I were as clever as you! If only I knew her name.,_,_,_,_,_,(虚拟),.(只有),(要
43、是就好了),5) if 构成省略的惯用表达法: if any if ever if so if not if necessary if possible,Corrrect errors ,if any . He seldom ,if ever, goes to the movies by himself .,如果有错误就请订正.,他不会单独去看电影,如果有也很少.,(如果有的话),(如果曾经有的话),(如果是这样的话),(如果不是这样的话),II.unless 1)We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address.,We cant wr
44、ite to Mary if she doesnt tell us her address.,*III.as /so long as(只要 ) 1)I will never give up learning as long as I live. 2)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.,*IV.on condition that（条件是） Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy.,*V.in case(万一） Youd better take
45、your raincoat with you in case it rains. In case I forget, please remind me about it.,(2007福建)You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence. A. before B. once C. until D. though 解析：题干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面试将会成功。用once，意思是：一旦，引导条件状语从句。,答案：B,(浙江)The medicine works more effectively _ you drink s
46、ome hot water after taking it. Aas Buntil Calthough Dif 解析：句意：这种药如果你热水送服，会更加有效。if引导条件状语从句。 答案：D,(北京宣武区)_you disagree with her，her idea is still worth considering. AIf only BEven if CInstead of DDespite of 解析：考查前后句的关系。句意为：“尽管”你不赞同她，可她的观点还是值得考虑的。 答案：B,问题1： 1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way
47、 to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if,B,A,as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。i
48、n case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。,7、方式状语从句：,The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is. Do in Rome as the Romans do. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.,观察引导方式状语从句的连词：,别动它(让它保持原来的样子),as if/as though“似乎,好像” 引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。 He treats me as if I were his own son. He talked as if he ha