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1、,句子成分和句子种类,基本概念/各种分类/,Where there is a will, there is a way. To be or not to be, this is a question.,CONTENTS,PART 1,句 子 成 分,member of sentence,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,表语,句子成分,04,动作行为的对象,定语,修饰名词或代词,说明动作或状态特征,状语,补语,补充说明,表语,表达主语具体情况,主语,1,subject,是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。一般位于于句首。,一个句子的老大,T
2、hey are good friends. 代词,Three is enough. 数词,To see is to believe. 不定式,Fishing is allowed. 动名词,What he needs is a book. 主语从句,Students study. 名词,The rich should help the poor. 名词化形容词,Where is subject?,找 出 主 语,1,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,2,3,4,The young should respect the old.,What he has s
3、aid is true.,He gets up early every day.,5,To learn a foreign language is not easy.,6,Swimming is my hobby.,Exercise,1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._
4、is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They,it 做形式主语，真正的主语在后面,动词不能作主语,YES OR NO?,不能作主语,Do exercise is good for your health.,Eat too much meat is bad for your health.,谓语,2,predicate，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面，通常有简单谓语和复合谓语。,表达主语动作状态,The little girl da
5、nces well. 动词,The plane took off at 10 oclock. 动词短语,We love China. 动词,简单谓语,谓语,2,表达主语动作状态,You must stay at home. 情态动词+动词,She looks beautiful. 系动词+表语,My sister is crying over there. 系动词+表语,复合谓语,He has caught a bad cold. 助动词+V过分,由情态动词或者其他助动词加动词构成， 或由系动词加表语构成，系动词单独不作谓语,找谓语,where is predicate ?,They enjo
6、yed playing computer games.,He looked after two boys.,We have finished reading this book.,They can speak English well.,The days get longer and longer when summer comes.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,祈 使 句 谓 语,SOMETHING YOU MUST NOTICE,Open the door, please!,Go and get some water for me!,Dont
7、laugh at others!,Dont come back late tonight.,省略主语you三个对象都不选就用none. -Which do you like best, coffee, water or juice? -_. I only like tea. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D.None,Its cold ,_?,isnt it,Yes,it is.,They are playing football,_?,arent they,Yes, they are.,They werent in the zoo last Sunday, _?,
8、No, they werent. They went to the mountains.,were they,It rained heavily yesterday, _?,didnt it,Yes, it did.,1. She is a student, isnt she? 2. We speak Chinese, dont we?,当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。,反意疑问句,结构一： 前肯，+ 后否 eg. She is a student, isnt she?,结构二： 前否，+ 后肯 eg. She isnt a studen
9、t, is she?,反意疑问句的解答步骤,1. 判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；,She is a girl,1.判定：前句为肯定，后句为否定,2.找be动词，是is，则后半句用isnt,3.换代，主语是she,则不变,isnt she ?,2. 找动（找句子的助动词：be用be,动词原形do，三单does，过 去did，完成have）；,3. 换代（将主语换为代词主格形式）；,1.找到动词 2.判断肯否、时态及助动词 3.主语照抄（若是名词 便改为代词主格形式）,Tina speaks English well ,Doesnt she ?,1.找到动词是,speaks,2.判断：,肯定、一般
10、现在时 助动词用does,3.主语：,（tina是名词 女名 则改为she),助动词,Exercise,1.My mother has to stay at home to look after my grandma, _? A. hasnt she B. hasnt my mother C. doesnt she D.doesnt my mother 2.It rained hard last night,_? A. does it B. did it C. doesn t it D. didn t it 3.Lucy didnt come to school yesterday, _? A
11、. did she B. didnt she C. dos she D. doesnt she 4.You have to keep quiet while watching the film, _ you? A. havent B. dont C. didnt D. will,1.Lily can play football , 2.Tom will visit China next mouth , 3.She has been to HongKong , 4.You d better lie down and have a rest , 5.You cant go out ,情态动词,像c
12、an/will等情态动词，变为否定为cant/wont即可,当have 在完成时中或“You had better”中时，也当情态动词变。Have/havent,had/hadnt,cant she ?,Wont he ?,hasnt she ?,Hadnt you ?,Can you ?,be动词,1.Its a nice day , 2.The Greens were at home last night , 3.Ben isnt a bed boy , 4.Tom is skating ,Isnt it ?,Werent they ?,Is he ?,Isnt he ?,前肯后否,前否后
13、肯,There is/are/will be, isnt/arent/wont there？,1.There is a pen on the chair, 2.There are 60 students in our class, 3. There will be a birthday party tomorrow,isnt there ?,arent there?,wont there ?,There be,Exercise,1.There is little milk in the glass, _? A. isnt itB. isnt thereC. is thereD. is it 2
14、.There are a few people in the room, _? A. are there B. arent there C. are they D. arent they 3.Shes already back., _? A doesnt she B isnt she C hasnt she D has she 4.The tall man over there isnt our new English teacher, _? A. is he B. is there C. isnt he D. isnt there,其他（1）,当陈述部分有never，seldom(很少),
15、hardly(几乎不)，few，little，nothing(没有) 等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式,1.They have never visited his home, 2.There are few apples in the basket 3.He can hardly swim 4.It has no legs 5.There is little water in the glass 6.They seldom come late,have they ?,are there ?,can he ?,does it ?,is there ?,do they ?,7.He
16、is too young to join the army,is he？,Exercise,1.They have never been to America, _? A. have they B. havent they C. dont they D. do they 2.There is little milk in the glass, _? A. isnt itB. isnt thereC. is thereD. is it 3.There are a few people in the room, _? A. are there B. arent there C. are they
17、D. arent they 4.They seldom think about the people, _? A. do they B. dont they C. are they D. arent they 5.He hardly has any friends to play with , _ he?_! Thats why he feels lonely from time to time. A. hasnt, No B. doesnt, Yes C. does, Yes D. does, No,其他（2）祈使句,在祈使句后面附加问句，以加强语气或使祈使句听起来较委婉、客气,1. Sit
18、 down please, _ ? 2. Please call me, _? 3. Lets go home, _ ? 4. Let us go home, _ ? 5. Dont leave now, _?,will / wont you,shall we,will you,will you,will / wont you,其他（3）let,当为”let us（你让我们）”时 疑问句为“will you” 前五后四 当为”lets（让我们）”时 疑问句为“shall we” 前四后五,1.Lets go to park, 2.Let us do homework.,Shall we ?,W
19、ill you ?,其他（4）回答,不管肯定否定，只抓信息点，是否吻合。如实回答,1.She played football just now ,didnt she ?,Yes, she did./no, she didnt.,2.He has never been to Canda , has he ?,Yes, he has ./no, he hasnt.,其他（5）,主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用they或he指代,1.Everyone in your family is fond of swi
20、mming, arent they ? 你们全家都喜欢游泳，是吗？ 2.Anyone can do that, _? 3.Someone is knocking at the door, _? 4.No one knows about it, _?,cant they,arent they,do they,其他（6）,主语是everything, something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用it指代。,1.Nothing is important for him, is it? 2.Something is wrong with your com
21、puter, _? 3.Everything is ready for the test, _?,isnt it,isnt it,其他（7）,陈述部分是感叹句,1.What a clever boy, _? 2.How rude the boy is, _?,isnt he,isnt he,其他（8）,如果陈述部分的主语是this/that 或these/those,反义疑问句的主语就用it或they.,1.This is very easy, _? 2.These are your friends Tom and Tim _ ?,isnt it,arent they,其他（9）,如果陈述部分
22、是一个主从复合句，反义疑问句部分就看主句部分，但如果陈述部分的主语是I，谓语动词是think/suppose/believe/expect,反义疑问句部分就要看从句部分了。,1.She says that I did it, _? 2. I dont think she cares, _?,doesnt she,does she,Exercise,1.-Lets go shopping, _? -Ok, lets go. A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. shall we 2.Rose, we will start at six tomorrow mor
23、ning. Dont be late,_? _,Ill be there on time A.wont you;Yes,I will B.will you;Yes,I will C.will you;No,I wont D.wont you,No,I wont 3.I dont think dropping litter is allowed in Yellow River Park, _? A. do I B. is it C. isnt it D. dont I 4.Hes never told lies,_ he ? _,hes an honest boy.A. is , No B. i
24、snt , Yes C. has , No D. hasnt , Yes,03,祈使句,Turn left!,Turn right!,Dont smoke! No smoking!,Dont park your car!,Dont play football!,Dont eat!,定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的 动词都为一般现在时，句末一般使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。,1.Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。 2.Buy me a toy,please./Please buy me
25、 a toy.请给我买个玩具。 3.Be kind to our sister.对我们的妹妹要和善。 4.Watch your steps. 走路小心。 5.Keep off the grass.勿踏草坪。,命令,请求,劝告,警告,禁止,Be a good boy!,Buy me a toy car!,肯定形式,否定形式,1.Be 型：系动词原形be+表语+其他,3.Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他,2.Do型：行为动词的原形+宾语+其他,1.Be 型：Dont +be+表语+其他,2.Do型：Dont+行为动词+宾语+其他,3.Let型：1)Dont +let+宾语（第三人称）+动词原
26、形+其他 2)Let+宾语（第一、三人称）+not+动词原形+其他,Let him go!,Dont be late for school!,Dont buy me a toy car!,Dont let him go!,Let him not go!,Let s not go!,4.有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。,No smoking! No fishing!,Exercise,1. Jim, _ me a hand. A. gives B. is giving C. will give D. give 2. _ careful, Jenny! There is a tree i
27、n front of you. A. Am B. / C. Be D. Was 3. Lets _ our time. A. not waste B. no wasting C. not to waste D. no waste 4. _ higher, and you will see the house.OK. A. If you stand B. To stand C. When you stand D. Stand 5. Please _ do it. A. he B. let him C. let he D. him 6. _ let anyone open the door. A.
28、 Dont B. Will C. Not D. No,04,感叹句,(the queen of hearts红心皇后) A strange woman She is a strange woman. What a strange woman she is ! 她是一个多么奇怪的人啊,A tall girl,Alice is a very tall girl.,What a tall girl Alice is!,What a tall girl Alice is! What a strange woman she is ! What fat boys they are!,What +(a/an
29、) + adj.(形容词) +n.(名)+主+谓！,Find out the rule!,用户可以在投影仪或者计算机上可以将演示文稿打印出来制作成胶片,What a beautiful flower _ _ !,What cold weather _ _ !,What an exciting film _ _ !,What lovely birds _ _ !,it is,it is,it is,they are,主语+谓语,noun phrase 名词短语,What_主语谓语！,单数 可数名词,复数 可数名词,不可数名词,Alice runs fast. How fast Alice run
30、s!,The queens hair is very white. How white the queens hair is!,How fast Alice runs! How white the queens hair is! How crazy the rabbit is!,How +adj./adv.(形容词/副词)+主语+谓语！,Find out the rule!,引导词：,Whathow,区 别：,去掉主谓部分， 中心语是形容词或副词的用how; 中心语是名词的用what.,用Whathow填空 _ a bright boy he is! _ bright the boy is!
31、_ good apples they are! _ good the apples are! _ cold weather it is! _ cold the weather is!,What,How,What,How,What,How,Exercise,1. _bad weather it is! A.How B.How a C. What D.What a 2._interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer! A.What B.What an C.How D.How an 3. _ food you are cooked! A.H
32、ow a nice B.What a nice C.How nice D.How a 4._beautiful day it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park.-Good idea! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a,Exercise,5.Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. -_pleasant surprise this gave her classmates! A. What B. HowC. What a D. How a 6.
33、_ great man Huang Furong is! He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 7. _exciting sport it is to climb the mountains! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 8._wide the streets are! A. What B. How C. What a,Exercise,9._happily the children a
34、re flying kites! AWhat BWhat aCHow DHow a 10._ hard work you have done! -Its very kind of you to say so. A.WhatB. How C. What a D. How a 11. -Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful? Yes. _ wonderful film it is! A.WhatB. What aC. How D. How a 12._ meeting it is! A.What a important B. What important C. How an important D. What an important,THANK YOU,