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1、Lecture 6,determiner I,Specific reference 特指,Generic reference 类指,Definite quantity 表示确定数量,Indefinite quantity 表示非确定数量,Words that precede any premodifing adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings as specific reference, generic reference, definite quantity or indefinite q
2、uantity are referred to as determiners.,Definition:,英语的限定词包括： 定冠词（DEFINTITE ARTICLE，不定冠词（INDEFINITE ARTICLE，零冠词（ZERO ARTICLE 物主限定词（POSSESSIVE DETERMINER，my, your, his, her, our, your, their, ones, its. 名词属格（GENITIVE NOUN，Johns, my friends. 指示限定词（DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINER，this, that, these, those, suc
3、h. 关系限定词（RELATIVE DETERRMINER，whose, which. 疑问限定词（INTERROGATIVE DETERMINER，what, which, whose.,不定限定词（INDEFINITE DETERMINER，no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another. 基数词（CARDINAL NUMERAL和序数词（ORDINAL NUMERAL 倍数词（MULT
4、IPLICATIVE NUMERAL和分数词（FRACTIONAL NUMERAL 量词（QUANTIFIERa lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of, a large of, a small amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good number of等。,搭配关系 与三类名词 限定词之间 若干限定词用法比较,与三类名词的搭配关系（单数名词 复数名词 不可数名词）,1.与三类名词都可以搭配的 the (book,books,money) my / your / johns
5、- whose (the) other Some ( book , books , money) Any ( book , books , money) no,He has no friend.,Some guy is asking to see you.,Any child could answer that question.,He has no money.,He has no friends.,2.只能与单数搭配的 a,an,one each,every,another,either,neither many a ,such a,My pen is broken,but I have
6、another.,In another two weeks, Ill finish it.,Neither car was made in China.,Neither (one) of the (two) cars was made in China.,Either day is OK. Neither day is OK.,3.只能与复数搭配的 Both,these,two,three,another two few,several many, a (great) number of,a great many,4.只能与不可数名词搭配的 a large amount of , a grea
7、t deal of, much a (little) bit of , (a) little , less , least,speak a bit of French,Theres little doubt that.,Tip:非正式语体中，可与复数名词搭配,less and less viewers,5.能同时与单、复数名词搭配的 the first/second , the last , the next,6.能同时与单、不可数名词搭配的,this / that,job,work,6.能与复数、不可数名词搭配的,a lot of,lots of Plenty of enough,more,
8、most Such Other,Like all such stories.,Such optimism has become,限定词之间的搭配,前位限定词（Pre-determiner） 中位限定词（Central Determiner） 后位限定词（Post-determiner）, I met all(前) my(中) many(后) friends(名).,They questioned the(前) both(中) last(后) two(后) boys(名)., 前位限定词,种类：主要是用来说明名词的数量 表示倍数关系 half my salary, twice my salary
9、, double my salary,three times my salary； 表示几分之几的数词 one third my salary, two-thirds my salary； 个体形容词 all and both, all my salary, both my classates,共存性：一般互相排斥 all half my salary, half double her income, 中位限定词,1）种类： 冠词the, a, an all the book, half an hour, twice the size； 物主形容词my, your, his, her, our
10、, their all my money, all his money 指示形容词this, that, these, those all these problems, twice that size, four times this amount 名词属格。例如：Johns, his fathers 不定代词：every,each, either, neither 特殊疑问词：what（ever），which(ever),whose 2）共存性：彼此排斥，不能同时出现。 my the money, our these problems ,my that book, 后位限定词,1）种类：
11、基数词或序数词：onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fourfourth等等。例如：the two children, his fourth birthday； 一般序数词：next, last, past, previous, subsequent, other, another等。 例如：my next plan, our last meeting, your previous mistakes, her subsequent response； 数量形容词：few, many, several, little, less, more等。 例如：my many
12、 friends, our several achievements, the few friends that I have 2）共存性：可以同时出现在名词前。 例如：my next two plans, several other people 但也有先后顺序问题： 序数词一般序数词+基数词：the first two weeks, during the next 50 years； 序数词一般序数词+数量形容词：during the past few years,all the four teachers all your three books 前 中 后 前 中 后 all thes
13、e last few days 前 中 后 后,half his lecture those last few months 前 中 中 后 后,his last two books the first two chapters 中 后 后 中 后 后 three other two girls two more sheets 后 后 后 后 后,such,such a . / such an ,some such，any such， no such，few such，one such,1. dictionary is enough for me. A. Such one B. One suc
14、h C. Such a one D. One such a,2. cases have been reported. A. Such few B. Such some C. Few such D. Some these,2/14/2021,Exercise,1. Which of the following is incorrect? A. All his lectures were boring. B. Half his money was gone. C. Her few friends are fond of dancing. D. He invited many his friends
15、 to the party. 2._ are about the American Independent War. a. Both book b. Both books c. All the two books d. all of two books,2/14/2021,3. On account of the typhoon, _shipment will arrive this week. A. neither; B. all; C. both; D. these 4. The students spent _ their time working in the fields. A. b
16、oth; B. most; C. more; D. half 5. _ candidates are girls. A. Half the; B. The half; C. Their half; D. Half a 6. He has been staying at home _ days. A. these all last few; B. these last few all C. all these last few; D. these last all few,2/14/2021,7. The scientist wrote a number of books, but _ book
17、s were novels. a. last two his b. his last two c. two his last d. last two of his 8. It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. a. a so unusual b. such an unusual c. so unusual d. such unusual 9. For young people, Carpenter is _ singer. a. most their popular b. most popular of the
18、irs c. their most popular d. most popular of their 10. My brother is going on the picnic with _ friends. a. his two little other b. other his two little c. his other little two d. his two other little,2/14/2021,The choice of the proper determiner to precede a noun is usually not a problem for writer
19、s who have grown up speaking English. For other writers, this can be a considerable obstacle on the way to their mastery of English. In fact, some students from eastern countries, where their native language has no articles, find that these little words can create problems. Compare the following:,al
20、l, both, every, each, either, neither, any,All can function both as determiners and as indefinite pronouns with the exception of “every” which is a determiner only.,A Comparative Study of Some Determiners,2/14/2021,1. Both seats are occupied/taken.,1. There is a stairway at either end of the corrido
21、r.,2. I have two apples and you can take either with you.,1. 两个座位都有人坐了。,Referring to the whole of only the two, e.g.;,a. both,b. either,c. neither,2. Both banks of the river were filled with people.,2. 河两岸都挤满了人。,Referring to only one of the two, e.g.;,1. 在走廊的一头有一个楼梯。,2. 我有两个苹果，你可以拿去一个。,Referring to
22、the negative form of “both”,1. Both children are clever. 2. Both children are not clever. ( ) 3. Neither child is clever. ( ) Neither (one) of the (two) children is clever.,1 “both, either, neither “,All these three can be used to refer to the idea of “two”.,partial negation,total negation,2/14/2021
23、,2 “all, every, each”,Referring to the whole of three or more. (整体),All these three are used to express the idea of “全体”.,1. all,At least referring to three (每个都, 侧重全体),All the students have contributed to the fund. He gave all he had. All hope has come true.,Every student took part in the performan
24、ce. Every side of the square was crowded with people.,2. every,3. each,At least referring to two (各个都，侧重个体),Each side of the street was crowded with people. We want every student to succeed. =We want all the students to succeed. Each student will find his own way to succeed.,2/14/2021,3. any, either
25、,There are two flights for Beijing in the morning. You can take either (one). Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine. She is wearing rings on either hand.,Both are used to express the idea of “任何一个”.,1. any,Referring to three or more than three persons or things.,You can buy sugar at an
26、y big store. Any child(=Every child) can answer this question. I have lots of magazines here. You can take any (of them) with you.,2. either,Referring to two persons or things only.,2/14/2021,4 all, none; both, neither,All (of) the people there took part in the event. All the people there didnt take
27、 part in the event. ( ) (Some did and some refused.) =Not all the people there took part in the event.,Total or partial negation is another aspect of the use of some determiners.,“all” and “none”,“All” equals 100%, and “none” is its total negation.,I like all of these books. I dont like all of these
28、 books. (Partial) =I like only some of them.,(total),None of the people there took part in the event.,(total),那里的人们都参加了这个活动。,partial,那里的人们都没有参加这个活动。,I like none of them. (Total) =I dont like any of them.,More,2/14/2021,I like both (of) the (two) novels. I dont like both (of) the (two) novels. (parti
29、al) = I like only one of them.,“both” and “neither”,“Neither” is the total negation of “both”.,*We dont need all bedrooms in our house.,This sentence means “We need some bedrooms but not all of them.”,What does this sentence mean?,I like neither (one) of the (two) novels. =I dont like either of the (two) novels.,(total),这两本小说我都喜欢。,