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1、过去完成时,Grammar Focus,2. 表示过去某一时刻 或动作之前 已发生或完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。,1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时 构成：had过去分词,过去完成时态的用法：,1. 常由by或before, when引导的短语或从句做时间状语或时间状语从句 by 到时候为止 by the end of last week 到上周末为止 by that time 到那时为止 before that year 那年之前 before I arrived 在我到达之前 By the end of last year, I had lea
2、rned about one thousand English words. When I got there, they had already left.,2、常用在宾语从句中 He told me he had already finished his homework. I realized he had fooled me again 3、体现在上下文中 I didnt go to the movies yesterday because I had seen it twice.,6:00 7:00 现在,By the time I got up, my sister had alr
3、eady washed all the clothes.,By the time my mom came back home, I had cleaned up the yard.,I got home,My little brother went to bed,By the time I got home, my little brother had gone to bed.,I got to school,The teacher came into the classroom,By the time I got to school, the teacher had come into th
4、e classroom,By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.,By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.,她出去的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。,By the time 到的时候为止 后接过去时的句子时, 主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态。,现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done,1. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year. A. f
5、or B. in C. by D. at 2. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A. had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns, piano. 3. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 4. He _ in the factory for three years before he jo
6、ined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work,5. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 6. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 7. She _lived here for _
7、 years. A. had, a little B. have, a little C. had, much D. has, a great number of 8. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked,We _(learn) two thousand words by the time I went to Middle School. 2. I him when I was a st
8、udent. (know) 3. When we _(arrive) at the station, they _(wait) for more than twenty minutes. 4. One of the men didnt move, because he _ (break) his legs.,had learned,arrived,had waited,had known,had broken,By the time I got outside, the bus _ already _.,had,left,When I got to school, I realized I _
9、 _ my backpack at home.,had,left,Translation,1.我到家时她已经睡了。,By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.,2.到晚上时消息已传遍全球。,By the evening the news had spread through the world.,3. 他走以后我找到了那封信。,I found the letter after he had gone away.,We reached the cinema late. The film had already begun.,4.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。,