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1、第8章动词的时态,第1节动词时态概述 第2节一般现在时 第3节一般过去时 第4节一般将来时 第5节现在完成时 第6节现在进行时 第7节过去进行时,下一页,第8章动词的时态,第8节过去完成时 第9节将来完成时 第10节典型分析,返回,上一页,第1节动词时态概述,时态表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词本身的形式变化来实现的，共有16种时态，见表8一1。,返回,第2节一般现在时,1.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语 连用这样的时间状语有every. . . , sometimes , often , usually , on Mondays , in t
2、he morning( afternoon , evening)等 I get up at 5 every morning. 2.客观真理、客观存在和科学事实 The earth moves around the sun. The sun is the center of the solar system. 3.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性 I dont think I can do it. He likes playing basketball.,下一页,返回,第2节一般现在时,4.表示按计划安排好的将来行为，仅限于少数动词，如arrive , leave , go , come , s
3、tart等词 The train for Beijing leaves at six tomorrow morning. 5.在时间或条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而主 句仍用一般将来时 I will go shopping tomorrow if I have time. She will go to see you when she is free. If it doesnt rain next week, I will climb the mountain.,返回,上一页,第3节一般过去时,一、动词过去式、过去分词的规则变化形戈见表(8一2) 二、一般过去时的用法 1.
4、一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态常用的时间状语有yesterday, last, ago，the other day，in 2001等 What did you do yesterday? He often went swimming in the river when he was a child. The other day I happened to meet him on the way to my company.,下一页,返回,第3节一般过去时,2. used to used to + do(“过去常常做”)，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今 已不存在 He used t
5、o he a careful man. 3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，一般过去时表示过去将来 He said he would come if he had time. The old man said that he would give up smoking when the doctor asked him to. I thought that I would buy a new car if I had enough money.,返回,上一页,第4节一般将来时,1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作。shall用于第一人称，will用于各种 人称常用的时间状语有tomorrow , nex
6、t. . . , in the future等 What shall I do tomorrow? 2. be going to do表示计划、打算做某事;表示有迹象要发生的事 3.be+不定式，表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 We are to discuss the report this evening. 4. be about+不定式，意为“马上做某事”,下一页,返回,第5节现在完成时,1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成一定的影响;过去发生的 动作一直持续到现在 构成:have( has)+过去分词。 动词过去分词的规则变化同动词的过去式。 常用的时间状语有:since, fo
7、r+一段时间 ，recently，ever, up to now等 We have studied English since we became middle school students. 2. Since句型 “主语+谓语(have/has + done ) + since+过去的时间点”或“主语+谓语(短 暂性动词的一般过去式)”，译成:自从以来 He has been working in this college since he graduated from his school. He has lived in the city since last year.,下一页,返回
8、,第5节现在完成时,3.用现在完成时的句型 (1)It is the first/second time that+主语+谓语(have/has) + done (2)This is the +that+主语+谓语(have/has+done) (3) have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别 have/has gone to表示去了某地，不在说话的地方 have/has been to表示曾经去过某地，已回来了。,返回,上一页,第6节现在进行时,一、现在进行时的构成形式 其构成形式为:am/is/are+现在分词 现在分词的变化规则见表8一3。,下一页,返回,
9、第6节现在进行时,二、现在进行时的基本用法 1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情 We are standing here to wait for you. You are listening while I am speaking. 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时动作未必正在进行 Mr. Wang is learning English. (说话时可能没有在学，但现阶段在学习。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 3.与always , constantly , forever等词连用，往往带有一种感情色彩 You are alwa
10、ys coming late. 你总是迟到。,返回,上一页,第7节过去进行时,1.表示过去某时正在进行的动作 She was watching TV while my mother was cooking. 2.表示在过去某个过程中发生的动作时，这个过程往往用过去进行 时，而发生的动作则用一般过去时 While the students were talking happily，the teacher appeared at the door. It was raining when they arrived home.,返回,第8节过去完成时,1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前发生的动作，即“
11、过去的过去” nine oclock yesterday morning，they had taken 100 pictures. 2.常用before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句，或一个表示过去的动 作，或通过上下文来表示“过去的过去” The bus had left before we went to the bus stop.,返回,第9节将来完成时,shall/will + have+动词的过去分词，表示到将来某一时间为止将要完成的动作，强调完成。常用“by+将来时间”“ by the end of+将来时间” “by the time+从句”等来表示时间状语 We will hav
12、e finished the bridge by 2010. She will have got a masters degree by the end of next year. Ill have finished reading the novel by the time he comes back.,返回,第10节典型分析,1. My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere but still _it A. has lost; dont find B. missing; dont find C. has lost; havent foun
13、d D. missing; havent found. 2. You dont need to describe her. I_ her several times. A. had met B. have met C .met D. meet 3.一Im sorry to keep you waiting. 一Oh，not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B .had been C. was D. will be,下一页,返回,第10节典型分析,4. Your phone number again? I _quite catc
14、h it. 一Its 69999430. A. didnt B .couldnt C .dont D. cant 5. About the sixth century A. D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese_ paper. A. invented B. had invented C. have invented D. had been invented 6. Mary _a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes,下一页,返回,上
15、一页,第10节典型分析,7. I_ on the door for ten minutes By now without an answer. A. was knocking B. am knocking C. had knocking D. have been knocking 8. As she_ the newspaper, Granny asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; feel 9. When the mixture it will give o
16、ff a powerful force. A. will heat B. will he heated C .is heated D. has heated,下一页,返回,上一页,第10节典型分析,10. When I first came to Canada，I didnt like the weather at all，but I _It now A. have been used to B. have used to C .was used to D. used to,返回,上一页,表8一1动词的时态,返回,表8-2动词过去式、过去分词的规则变化形式,返回,表8 -3现在分词的变化规则,返回,下一页,表8 -3现在分词的变化规则,返回,上一页,