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1、,The Analysis of the Point of View in “A Very Short Story” Written by Hemingway,Outline,Introduction Original point of view in the text “She”- “I” “He”- “I”,IntroductionERNEST HEMINGWAY,18991961 one American novelist and short-story writer of the great American writers of the 20th C.,Brief Introduct
2、ion,Life Work Awards,A Very Short Story (The original text) ( the first paragraphs),The first paragraph: One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights cam
3、e out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and Luz could hear them below on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night.,the second paragraph: Luz stayed on night duty for three months. They were glad to let her. When they operated on him she prepared
4、 him for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anaesthetic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he used to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed.
5、 There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls he thought of Luz in his bed. So, in the original text ,the male protagonist is the unknown “he”, while the female protagonist is “Luz .,Historical Background:,WW1-futility of love in w
6、ar The isolation of the Lost Generation,Realistic background,Ernest Hemingways relationship withAgnes von Kurowskywas the basis for this story.,Third person point of view,Paragraph one,One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. There we
7、re chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and Luz could hear them below on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night.,Paragraph two,Luz stayed on night duty for three m
8、onths. They were glad to let her. When they operated on him she prepared him for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anaesthetic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he use
9、d to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls he thought of Luz in his bed.,Paragraph three,Before he went back to the front they went into the Duomo and praye
10、d. It was dim and quiet, and there were other people praying. They wanted to get married, but there was not enough time for the banns, and neither of them had birth certificates. They felt as though they were married, but they wanted everyone to know about it, and to make it so they could not lose i
11、t.,Paragraph 4,Luz wrote him many letters that he never got until after the armistice. Fifteen came in a bunch to the front and he sorted them by the dates and read them all straight through. They were all about the hospital, and how much she loved him and how it was impossible to get along without
12、him and how terrible it was missing him at night.,Paragraph 5,After the armistice they agreed he should go home to get a job so they might be married. Luz would not come home until he had a good job and could come to New York to meet her. It was understood he would not drink, and he did not want to
13、see his friends or anyone in the States. Only to get a job and be married. On the train from Padua to Milan they quarreled about her not being willing to come home at once. When they had to say good-bye, in the station at Milan, they kissed good-bye, but were not finished with the quarrel. He felt s
14、ick about saying good-bye like that.,Paragraph six,He went to America on a boat from Genoa. Luz went back to Pordonone to open a hospital. It was lonely and rainy there, and there was a battalion of arditi quartered in the town. Living in the muddy, rainy town in the winter, the major of the battali
15、on made love to Luz, and she had never known Italians before, and finally wrote to the States that theirs had only been a boy and girl affair. She was sorry, and she knew he would probably not be able to understand, but might some day forgive her, and be grateful to her, and she expected, absolutely
16、 unexpectedly, to be married in the spring. She loved him as always, but she realized now it was only a boy and girl love. She hoped he would have a great career, and believed in him absolutely. She knew it was for the best.,Paragraph seven,The major did not marry her in the spring, or any other tim
17、e. Luz never got an answer to the letter to Chicago about it. A short time after he contracted gonorrhea from a sales girl in a loop department store while riding in a taxicab through Lincoln Park.,The story is written with objective (dramatic) point of view. In this type of point of view, “though t
18、he author is the narrator, he or she refuses to enter the minds of any of the characters. The writer sees them (and lets us see them) as we would in real life. This point of view is sometimes called dramatic because we see the character as we would the characters in a play” Hemingway masterly leaves
19、 the interpretation of the actions led by the characters to us. One of the reasons for this is probably the genre is “short story” the length is limited.,Now, lets change the point of view,Scheme 1 Change the female protagonist “Luz” into the first person pronoun “I”.,The original text (the first tw
20、o paragraphs),One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and Luz could hear them belo
21、w on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night. Luz stayed on night duty for three months. They were glad to let her. When they operated on him she prepared him for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anesthetic holding tig
22、ht on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he used to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls
23、 he thought of Luz in his bed.,Rewritten text (change from the third- person Luz into the first person pronoun “I”),One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searc
24、hlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and I could hear them below on the balcony. I sat on the bed. I was cool and fresh in the hot night. I stayed on night duty for three months. They were glad to let me. When they operated on him I prepared him for the operating
25、 table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anesthetic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he used to take the temperatures so I would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few pa
26、tients, and they all knew about it. They all liked me. As he walked back along the halls he thought of me in his bed.,But is this feasible?,If we read the rewritten text carefully, we will find this the text becomes inconsistent and ambiguous. For example, the last sentence of the first paragraph, “
27、I was cool and fresh in the hot night”, it is kind of narcissistic for Luz to praise herself, and the last two sentences in the second paragraph seem more unintelligible.,“They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls he thought of Luz in his bed. ”. The original text tries to inform us of h
28、ow well liked Luz was, and finally describe his though upon her. In this rewriting, “They all liked me. As he walked back along the halls he thought of me in his bed ”, however, there is simple too great a tension between the angle of vision and the person of the voice. The discourse loses it cohere
29、nce.,So, actually ,the author wrote the short story from the male persons viewpoint. The third person narration of the original text is just a disguise, a mask of pseudo- objectivity worn by the text for its own rhetorical purposes.,Change the point of view,Scheme 2 change the male protagonist “he”
30、into the first person pronoun “I”. Lets see if this change acceptable,“He”- “I”,Change “he” into “I” First two paragraphs One hot evening in Padua they carried him (me) up onto the roof and he (I) could look out over the top of the town. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dar
31、k and the searchlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He (I) and Luz could hear them below on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night.,Luz stayed on night duty for three months. They were not glad to let her. When they operated on him
32、(me) she prepared him (me) for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He (me) went under the anaesthetic holding tight on to himself （）so he（）would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he（） got on crutches he（） used to take the temperatures so Luz would have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he ()walked back along the halls he （） thought of Luz in his bed.,!,