不定代词.ppt

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1、初中语法知识,-不定代词,快乐学习,不定代词是用来广泛指人或事物的词,其大多数兼有名词和形容词的功能,在意义和用法上都各不相同,应特别注意.,不,定,代,词,常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词(如:anybody,something,no one),不定代词有哪些?,第 一 讲,one的用法,one的用法,One可以代替前面的人或事物,以避免这一名词的重复.one可

2、以有自己的定语或冠词.one(一个),可以指人,也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。,one的用法,one的反身代词 one的物主代词,oneself,ones,one的用法,One of my friends wants to see you. One should not praise oneself. If one wants to wisit the city,one must find ones own guide.,我的一个朋友想去看你.,一个人不能自卖自夸.,如果一个人想去游览某个城市,他必须先找个导游.,one的用法,One,复数形式ones.可用来代替前面出现过的可数名词

3、,以避免重复.,I dont like small boxes;I like large ones. Your question is a wery difficult one. He doesnt like red shirts.he likes white ones.,我不喜欢小箱子;我喜欢大的.,你问的是一些难题.,one的用法,One 还可以用来泛指人(即:每个人,任何人).它的所有格是ones,反身代词是oneself(在美国英语里) One should do ones best at all time.,一个人无论何时都应尽自己的最大努力.,one的用法,One 和ones也可以

4、用在which,this,that,these,those以及形容词最高级后面.替代的是同类异物,有泛指含义.特指时须加上冠词the修饰语放在the和one/ones之间.,I think the ones on the table are better. 我认为桌子上的那些更好一些.,a+形容词+one这一形式,经常见到或使用。 I have an old bike,but he has a new one. 我有辆旧自行车,他有辆新的。,it和one的比较,it用来指特定的东西(the+名词);而one则用于替代不特定的东西(a,an+名词),You have a pen,can I us

5、e it(=the pen)? 你有一支钢笔,我可以用它(这支钢笔)吗?(特指) Do you have a pen?Yes,I have one(=a pen). 你有钢笔吗?是的,我有一支。(泛指),第二讲 some,any的用法,some,any的用法,some,any的用法,I have some science books. 我有一些科技书。(some在肯定句中译为一些) There is some ink in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些墨水。 I havent any money.(=I have no money.) Do you have any? 我一分钱都没有了

6、,你有(钱吗)? You can ask me if you have any questions. (条件句) 如果你有任何问题,你都可以问我。,some,any的用法-some,any与-thing,-body,-one构成的合成词的用法,some,any与-thing,-body,-one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。 I dont know anything about it . (I know nothing about it .) 关于这件事,我什么都不知道。 Anyb

7、ody can do it. 任何人都可以做这件事。,注意 something,anything,nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。,some,any的用法,在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。,Will you have some tea? 你喝茶吗?(表邀请),any在表“任何的”“任何一个”时,可用于肯定句,You may come here at any day. 哪天来这你都可以。 He did better than any before him. 他比他前面的任何人做得都好。,比较,Is there

8、 anything to eat? 有什么吃的吗? (不知有没有,只是问一问),Is there something to eat? 有一些吃的吧? (希望,而且断定会有),第三讲 other,another的用法,another(=an other),别的、另一个,泛指众多中一个,一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。,This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one(=another book)? 这本书对我而言太难了,可以给我另一本吗?,another,I dont like this one.

9、Show me another. 我不喜欢这个,给我看看另一个好吗?(another作宾语),He got three books;one is a dictionary,another is a play,the third is a grammar. 他买了三本书,一本是字典,另一本是剧本,还有一本是语法书。(another作主语),有时another可以用在复数名词前译为“再、又”。 You may stay for another ten days. 你可以再住十天。,the other表示两个中的一个,常与one连用,I have two pencils;one is red; (a

10、nd)the other is blue. 我有两支铅笔,一支是红的,另一支是蓝的。 There are only two books left. But I dont like this one. Will you please show me the other? 只剩下二本书了。可我不喜欢这一本,请给我另一本好吗?,onethe other,惯用词组,each other 互相 one another 互相 one after another 一个接一个,The lights went out one after another.电灯一个接一个灭了。,the other day 前几天,

11、I saw your friend the other day.前几天我看到过你的朋友。,other+名词=others(别的),Some are listening to the radio,others are watching TV. 一些人在听广播,一些人在看电视。 Some students went to the Summer Palace. Other students(=others)stayed at home last Sunday. 上周日,一些同学去颐和园,一些同学(还有同学)呆在家里。,the other +名词=the others,译为其余的,相当于the res

12、t。,There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students(=the others)are boys. 我们班有三十个学生,二十名女孩,其余的都是男孩。 Some of the pencils are red. The others(=the other pencils)are green. 有些铅笔是红的,其余的都是绿的。,比较,Some of the pencils are red,others(=other pencils)are green. 有些铅笔是红的,还有一些是绿的。,(暗示可能

13、还有些笔是别的颜色的:白色的、黄色的),第 四 讲,all,both的用法,all,both,All of them go to the movies. 他们都去看电影。 Both of my parents are healthy. 我的双亲身体都健康。,all代表或修饰两个以上的人或物,或不可数的东西。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。,All of us like her.(作主语) =We all like her.(作同位语) 我们所有的人都喜欢他。,All the oil(不可数名词)has been used up.(作主语) 所有的油都用完了。,Thats all fo

14、r today.(作表语) 今天就到这儿了。 You havent eaten all(of)the bread.(作宾语) 你的面包没有吃完。 All the students were there.(作定语) 所有的学生都在那儿。,both是指两者都;而all是指三个和三个以上的人或物都。在句中可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别。,比较 They were all waiting outside the gate. 他们(三个以上)都在大门外等着。 They were both waiting outside the gate. 他们两个都在大门外等着。,第五讲 each,eve

15、ry的用法,On each(every)side of the square there were policemen. 在广场的四周都有警察。,从数量上看:each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。,There are many trees on each sidof the street. 大街的两侧有许多大树。 On each(every)side of the square there were soldiers. 广场的四周都是士兵。,(不能用every side),从含义和语法功能上看:each是“单个”的意思,侧重于个体、个性,在句中可

16、作主语、同位语、定语和宾语,做主语谓语动词用单数。,而every是“每一个”的意思,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词,与of短语连用。,含有every的词组,every week 每周 every two weeks 每两周 every other day(week,line) 每隔一天(每隔一周,每隔一行) every other ten days 每隔十天,All the students are here.,Every student is here. =,所有的学生们都出席了。(强调整体),?,组成及符号,There are flowers on ea

17、ch side of the river. 河两岸都是花。 Two men came and I gave a book to each. 两个人来了,我给他们每人一本书。,(作定语),(作宾语),each作同位语时在句子中位置及谓语动词的变化。,The students have two pens each. 每个学生有两支钢笔。 They each have two pens. 他们每人有两支钢笔。 Each of the students has two pens. 每个学生有两支钢笔。 Each of them has two pens. 他们每人有两支钢笔。,(作同位语),(作主语)

18、,(作同位语),(作主语),第六讲 either,neither, both,在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。,either:指两者中的任意一个。 neither:指两者中没有一个,全否定。 both:指两者都,肯定。,Neither of the films is good. 两部电影都不好。(没有一部是好的) Either of the films is good. (作主语,谓语动词用单数) 两部电影中有一部不错。,He wrote to neither of them.他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。He wrote to either of them.(作宾语)他给他们中的一个人写了信。,

19、Neither teacher often answers the questions. 这两个老师,没有一个经常解答问题。 Either teacher often answers the questions. 这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。 Both the teachers often answer the questions.(作定语) 这两个老师都常常解答问题。,Neither of us has been to Shanghai .我们俩人都没有到过上海。Both of us hasnt been to Shanghai .我们俩人并非都到过上海。(部分否定,可用单数),注意哦!

20、 both后面的名词要用复数,谓语动词用复数。 either和neither后面的名词要用单数,谓语动词用单数。,第七讲 many,much,Many(of)the students have sports.(作主语) 许多学生参加体育锻炼。 He has not got much time to go over his lessons.(作定语) 他没有多少时间复习功课了。,We are many;you are few.(作表语) 我们是多数,你们是少数。 She has much(work)to do.(作宾语) 她有许多工作要去做。,第 八 讲 few a few little a l

21、ittle,few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;,He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。,a few表示有肯定意思, 有几个。,little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。,There is little time left. Hurry up! 没多少时间了,快点儿! There is a litt

22、le time left. Dont worry. 别着急,还有点时间呢,There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?,考考你 1. My father has many books, but he has_ English books. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Answer 2. The twins can speak only _ French. A. a few B. few C. little D. a lit

23、tle Answer,辨 析 一,few 与 little 作形容词用,都表示“几乎没有”,相当于一个否定词。具体区别: (1) few 后面跟复数可数名词。 e.g. few books few students (2) little 后面跟单数不可数名词。 e.g. little water little food,e.g. He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 They has little money. 他们没有什么钱,a few 与 a little 都表示肯定的意思,指“有一点,有一些”。具体区别: a few 后加可数名词复数 (2) a little 后加不

24、可数名词单数。,辨析二,e.g. Im going to buy a few bananas. I can speak only a little Chinese.,a little 与 little 也可以用作副词, 表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少”,e.g.1、 -Can you speak English? -Yes, but only a little.,This book is a little more difficult than that one. ( 可修饰形容词比较级),She slept little last night. 昨天晚上,她没有怎么睡觉。,(1)few,

25、a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。 (2)a few, a little含肯定意味,few, little含否定意味。,few, a few, little, a little虽然都表示“少”,但,这里所谓的“肯定意味”和“否定意味”应该这样来理解:同样是半杯水, 口渴者会认为:There is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为:There is a little water in the glass.,注 意,1few修饰可数名词复数。 2few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义; a few

26、 (= some; several; a small number of) 含肯定意义。 3 not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many。,注 意,当 few受 every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时,表示肯定意义,few之前不再有冠词。 如: In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again. It took us some few days to repair the machine. They are very few in

27、 number. There were too few of them. He goes to see his grandma every few weeks. 5 在非正式文体中很少见,一般用或代替, 如: Only a few people attended the meeting.,little修饰不可数名词,表示“量”。 little含否定意义(反义词:much);a little含肯定意义(反义词:none)。 在非正式英语中,一般很少用little,常用not much, only a little来代替,如: We havent got much money / time.,Li

28、ttle remains to be done about it. (作主语) A little remains to be done. Please give me a little. (作宾语) He knows a little of everything. There is very / but little time left. (作定语) Dont worry; you still have a little time.,注意以下例句的few, a few, little, a little后的名词的数,及谓语动词。,There are few minutes left. Hurr

29、y up! 没有时间了,快点儿! Dont worry! There are a few minutes left. 别着急,还有几分钟呢。,There is little time left. Hurry up! 没多少时间了,快点儿! There is a little time left. Dont worry. 别着急,还有点时间呢,My sister has a few friends. But she has few good friends. 我姐姐有一些朋友,但是她几乎没有真正的好朋友。,第九讲 no, none , 和no one,no 后面可接可数名词和不可数名词,表示否定

30、,相当于“not+any或者not+a”,Ive no good friends here.=Ive not any good friends here.=Ive not a good friend here.There are no books on the desk.There is no water in it.,none 后面不能直接接名词,可单独使用(主要在回答How many或How much问题之后),还常与of连用,none指人或物,可指单数或复数。,A: How much bread is there ?B: None.,none 和 no one的区别,none 可以指人或物,no one= nobody,只指人。,Who do you like?No one/None.None of the shirts is clean.,由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.,!,失火是在星期五,当时他们不在家。,

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