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1、Grammar,The Attributive Clause,(关系代词之基本用法),The Attributive Clause（定语从句） 1. 概念: 在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。,She is an English teacher who likes traveling.,定语从句,关系词,先行词,结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句,She is an English teacher who likes traveling.,定语从句,关系词,先行词,结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句,关系词:1.关系代
2、词: 2.关系副词:,whichthat、whowhomwhose when wherewhy,2.关系词的三大作用：,1）. 连接主从句 2）. 替代先行词（关系词=先行词） 3）. 在从句中做成分,意 义,关系代词- that,that : 既可指人，也可指物，在定语 从句中作主语/宾语,且作宾语时可省略., A plane is a machine that can fly., The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious., Who is the man that is reading a book ?, The girl (that) we s
3、aw yesterday was Betty.,关系代词- which,which: 指物,在定语从句中作主语 or宾语，作宾语时可省略.,I lost the book which you gave me.,This is our school which is very beautiful.,(一)只能用that不能用which, 当先行词是不定代词时 all/none/anything/nothing/ everything All that can be done must be done. We should make use of everything that is useful
4、.,(一)只能用that不能用which的情形,当先行词被 all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时 All the students that are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.,当先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the only / the very 修饰时 This is the only book that I can find in my desk. He is the very guy that I want to talk to. The first thing tha
5、t you should do is to eat sth.,(一)只能用that不能用which, 当主句前以which / who 开头 的特殊疑问词时 (避免重复) Who is the girl that is standing over there? Which ball is the one that belongs to Mike?,(一)只能用that不能用which的情形,(一)只能用that不能用which,5 当先行词同时指物和人时, 只能用that. We are talking about the people and the things that we have
6、visited in the county.,Summary: 只能用that的情况,1. 先行词既有指人又有指物 2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时， 有the only, the very 等修饰时 3. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代词时 4. 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时,(二)只能用which不能用that, which可以引导非限制性定语从句 ， that不能 The recorder ,which I paid 200 dollars, proves to be very useful. Pet
7、er drove too fast, which was dangerous., which之前可以有介词，而that不能 I will never forget the school in which we studied together. This is the question about which they are discussing.,(二)只能用which不能用that的情形,who: 指人，在定语从句中作主语，或宾语 做主语不能省略,关系代词- who, Many people who died in the earthquake were children., The p
8、erson who has little hair is Mr. Zhang.,(二)只能用who不能用that, 先行词是one, ones, those, anyone,he He who doesnt work hard will not pass the exam.,whom: 指人，在定语从句中作宾语; 作及物动词宾语可省略, 但在介词后不可省略。,关系代词- whom,The girl (whom) you saw just now is my sister. The man whom you just talked to/with is Mr.Li. =The man to/wi
9、th whom you just talked is Mr.Li.,类似的短语搭配有: talk about /take care of/ look for/look after/learn from/listen to等,(二)只能用whom不能用who,当关系代词前有介词时 The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.,(二)能位于介词后的关系代词,Which I will never forget the school in which we studied together. whom. The girl to whom I spoke is my co
10、usin.,关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点： （1）Whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是如果是固定词组，不能把介词和动词拆开,There is a room,in which you can study. which you study in.,Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.,关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。,Anyone who _ over 20 can join t
11、he army. I ,who _ your friend , will help you.,is,am,注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。,1.The man who/ I met today told me to come back. 2.The girl whom / I met looks like Lily. 3.She is the person that / I want to see. The pen which / you lent me is lost.,4.The best work _ she wrote and _ I have read will be made into
12、 film. A which; that B that; that C that; / D / ; /,1. This is our monitor whose English is very good.,2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”.,whose : 既可指人也可指物, 在定语从句中作定语,关系代词- whose,It is a poor dog. Its heart is broken. It is a poor dog whose heart is broken.,The man i
13、s shouting for help . His house is on fire .,The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.,The girl is being taken to a hospital . Her leg broke in the earthquake .,The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital .,This is the book whose cover is blue.,This is the book of wh
14、ich the cover is blue.,This is the book the cover of which is blue.,I know the girl whose name is Mary.,I know the girl of whom the name is Mary.,I know the girl the name of whom is Mary.,总结：关系代词的用法,who,/that,which,/that,who,/that,/whom,which,/that,whose,whose,/,/,怎样判断用什么关系代词,口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里,
15、 有无主宾语,关于定语从句的难点,和出错点.,1.定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容.,This is the book that I like it best.,2.插入语成分.,The beggar who I think is poor is in fact rich.,从句部分,定语从句中的主谓一致问题.,1.She is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting. 2.She is the only one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting. ( be ),are,is,5.在先行词缺少
16、的情况下,要用the one 来补充它的先行词,然后确定它的关系词,This is the factory _ I worked last year. This factory is _ I worked last year. This factory is _ I visited last year.,where/ in which,the one,where,the one,that/ /,6.与其他从句和句式的区别,与where 和 when 引导的 状语从句的区别.,区别的关键就是:是否有先行词.,This is the school where I studied many year
17、s ago. There were a lot of sheep where I lived.,I will never forget the day when I first went to school.,We were about to start when it began to rain.,in which,on which,连词; 在那里,连词; 就在那个/就这个时候,Lets do some exercise!,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher
18、 is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that/,who/whom/that/,whose,which/that,that/which/,巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空,1.This is all_I know about the matt
19、er. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. it,Choose the best answers:,10. Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,11.Is oxygen the on
20、ly gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it,12.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,14. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which,15. The weather turned out to b
21、e very good, _ was more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it,1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2.I know the student _you borrowed the pen. A. that B. from whom C. from which D. whom 3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday
22、? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 4. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. /,练一练！,1.The man _ I saw told me to wait. 2.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.,
23、Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,who,whom,whose,whose,whom,Lets do some exercise!,Make sentences with the expressions and pictures.,the ship/was the most beautiful in the world at that time,Titanic is the ship _ was the most beautiful in the word at that time.,which,Titanic,
24、/that,_,the ship / sank after hitting an iceberg,Titanic:,Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.,which,_,/that,Rose and Jack are the lovers _met on the ship.,the lovers / met on the ship,who,/that,Rose,Jack,_,Rose,the lady/met Jack on Titanic,Rose is met Jack on Titanic.,Jack,the young
25、man /wanted to save Rose,the man /wanted to kill Jack,cal,Jack is wanted to save Rose,Cal is wanted to kill Jack.,the lady who/that,the young man who/that,the man who/that,He is a famous singer He is from Taiwan. He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.,Declan is a famous singer. He sings the song tell me why. Declan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.,He is a little boy. He is eating . He is a little boy who is eating.,Thank you,