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1、Unit 3 Under the sea,Learning about Language,Some of the words in this unit can be used as both verbs and nouns. Look at these definitions and find the words in the text. Then write down how they have been used.,dive,1,witness,1,pause,2,urge,2,drag,2,2 Read these sentences. Then replace the words in
2、 italics with words that mean the same from the unit.,1. Some personal stories about Mark Twain are very amusing. 2. Working together is necessary to produce good results.,anecdotes,teamwork,3. More and more people are concerned with the protection of different whale species. 4. Sit facing the stree
3、t and watch the parade go by. 5. When you hit an iceberg, leave the ship immediately.,conservation,opposite,abandon,depth, dive, yell, annual, shark, accommodation, witness, relationship, flee, shore,3 Use these words in their proper forms to complete the passage below.,When I was young, my parents
4、liked jogging on the beach. So we used to visit the seaside on our _ holiday. We always stayed in _ close to the _ because my parents had a good _ with the owner of the hotel. We also went snorkelling each time and would _ under the waves to see the colourful fish. As I grew older I was allowed to g
5、o to greater _ and further out beyond the bay.,annual,accommodation,shore,relationship,dive,depths,There I saw small _ as they swam lazily around the sea bottom. One day I _ how they would pursue their prey swiftly, and the small fish had no time to _ away. I wanted to _ and warn the poor fish but t
6、hat was impossible underwater. Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead!,sharks,yell,witnessed,flee,Grammar,The Passive ing-form (V-ing 形式的被动式),V-ing形式的各种时态和语态:,时态,一般式,完成式,主动语态,被动语态,doing,having done,being done,having been done,1. 动名词的被动式：,动名词的被动式有两种: being + 过去分词； having bee
7、n + 过去分词。例如： a) 每个人都喜欢得到赞美。 Everybody likes _. b) 我记得曾经听过这故事。 I remember _ the story. 2) 在need/want/require(需要)和 be worth (值得) 等词后面, 动名词的主动形式表示被动 意义。例如：a) 这件事需要调查。 The matter requires _. = The matter requires to be looked into.,being praised,having been told,looking into,b) 这本书值得一读。 The book _. = Th
8、e book is worthy of being read. 2. 现在分词的被动式 现在分词的被动式也有两种: being + 过去分词 (强调事情正在发生)； having + been + 过去分词 (强调事情已经 发生, 不作定语)。例如： a) 她正接受提问, 感到有点儿紧张。 _to answer the question, she felt a little nervous.,is worth reading,Being asked,b) 这么好的机会给了你, 你怎么能一点也不珍惜 呢？ _ such a good chance, how could you not value
9、 it at all? 2) 作定语时, “being +过去分词”表示正在 进行的动作; done表示一般过去或已经完成 的动作; to be done表示将要发生的动作。如： a) 正在建造的房屋, 完工后将用作我们的图书馆。 The house _ will be our library upon its completion.,Having been given,being built,b) 所使用的教材都是时新的。 The textbooks _ are all up-to-date. c) 你打算参加下月召开的会议吗？ Are you going to attend the mee
10、ting _ next month?,used,to be held,I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. I approved of his taking part in the project. I enjoy listening to classical music.,(一般情况),(以后、将来),(现在、将来),V-ing表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在其后 发生, 或表示一般情况.,being done表示的被动动作正在进行或与谓语动词 的动作同时(有时之后)发生, 或表示一般情况。,现在修建的发电站将是埃及最大的发电站之一。,The
11、 power station being built now will be one of the largest in Egypt.,她坚持被派给最苦的工作.,She insisted on being given the hardest task.,They regret not having been able to inform you of the fact.,(之前),Having done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动 作之前。,Having been done表示的被动动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。,被邀请后, 李先生去参加了会议。,Having been invite
12、d, Mr Li went to attend the meeting.,I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.,V-ing的被动式在句中可以作:,主语 Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience. 被鲨鱼咬死是一件很普通的事情。 Being killed by sharks was a common thing.,我很感激两年前被给予了去国外学习的机会。,_ to sunlight for too much time will
13、do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed,2)宾语 I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.,C,你还记得十岁时被带去北京吗? Do you remember having been taken to Beijing at the age of ten?,The little girl was eventually aware that her parents abandoned her
14、in the mountainous village.,The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned by her parents in the mountainous village.,若不被邀请，他是不会来的。 (without) He wouldnt come without being invited. 下面短语中的 to 是介词, 后面只能跟名词或 V-ing：devote to (投入), get down to (着手干)， lead to (通向,导致), object to (反对), pay attentio
15、n to (注意), look forward to (盼望), be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持), preferto 等。,No one can prevent the plan _. A. from carrying out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. to carry out,The bird was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. being caught C. to be caught D. to catch,C,B,admit (承认),
16、 appreciate, avoid, cant help (禁不住)， stand(忍受), consider (考虑,打算), enjoy, escape (躲避), excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss (错过), practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest (建议)等后接v-ing。,He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Tuner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. being calle
17、d C. having called D. called,B,While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,3) 宾语补足语,I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.,The well was found _ when we got there. A. digging B. t
18、o be dug C. to dig D. being dug,C,D,I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.,I noticed some people being taken to the police station.,4) 定语,The meeting being held now is very important.,但 having been done 不能作定语。,正在被建在公园旁边的宾馆是由一群年轻人建的。 The hotel being built now beside the park was
19、 designed by a group of young men.,Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.,5) 状语,Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.,Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited,A,The secretary worked late into the
20、 night, _ a long speech for the president. A. being prepared B. preparing C. having been prepared D. prepared 2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having been suffered B. Bing suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered,B,A,Exercises,3. She is shy. She is not use
21、d to _ in front of others. A. praise B. praising C. being praised D. be praised 4. _ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Having caught B. Being caught C. aught D. Having been caught,C,B,5.The storm left, _ a lot of damage to th
22、is area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 6. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned,D,C,7. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT. A. h
23、as introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced 8.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited,B,D,9. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president
24、 will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending,D,10. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left,C,11. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt co
25、me yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited,B,12. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling,A,13. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the
26、 day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built,D,14. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching,B,For more explanation, click here.,高考链接,I hear theyve promoted Tom, but
27、he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. (2008江西卷) A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted,B,2. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陕西卷) A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To
28、show,C,3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (07全国卷II) A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,C,4. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (2004春季北京) A. pu
29、t B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,解析: 答案 D。现在分词putting作宾语补足语, 表示主动。catch sb. doing表示“当场抓住(撞见) 某人在做某事”。,D,解析: 答案为C。for是介词, 后接动名词作宾语。 动名词的否定形式在前面加not。物主代词his 与动名词的否定形式构成动名词的复合结构。,5. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004春季上海) A. his being not able B. him not to be
30、able C. his not being able D. him to be not able,C,6. The discovery of new evidence led to _. (2003上海) A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thiefs being caught D. the thief to be caught,解析: 答案C。lead to “导致、引起”, to 是介词， 后接动名词作宾语。从题意看, 是“小偷被抓住”, 故用动名词的被动式 being caught; 因作宾语, 故动名词的逻辑主语可
31、用名词普通格 the thief 改名词所有格 the thiefs。由于发现了新的证据 因而抓住了小偷。,C,7. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (2002上海) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed,解析: 答案C。在这个句子中, will do是谓语， 要用动名词作主语。expose 与 ones skin 是动宾关系, 要用动名词的被动式 being exposed作主语。,C,8. _ such h
32、eavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (2001全国) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,解析: 答案A。从一词可知, 要用现在分词 的完成式。由于已经受到如此严重的污染， 现在清理河道可能太晚了。,A,For more exercises, click here.,Summarize the rules of the Passive ing-form. 2. Finish the exercises on Page 23.,Homework,Thank You!,