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1、A,纳撒尼尔霍桑,The Scarlet Letter,作者介绍,故事简介,名家鉴赏,Author,Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) is one of the most influential writers in America in the 19th century. His novel The Scarlet Letter published in 1850 ensures his permanent fame inliterature. Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts Some of his ancest
2、or were men of prominence in the puritan theocracy. One of his ancestor was a colonial magistrate, notorious for his part in the persecution of Quakers,and another was a judge at Salem Witchcraft Trail in 1692. Gradually,the family fortune declined. Hawthorne was intensely conscious of the wrongdoin
3、g of his ancestors, and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life, so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life,纳撒尼尔霍桑(18041864）是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家和心理小说家。霍桑对当时美国社会道德论丧和资产阶级的伪善不满，但是他又不想从根本上改变不合理的社会制度，只谋求社会道德的改进，宣扬上帝，主张道德的自我完善。 霍桑由于社会、家庭及自身的
4、因素，形成了既为清教主义等旧观念所萦绕，又抱有人道主义等美好理想的复杂的世界观。他一方面摆脱不掉“原罪”、“赎罪”、“内省”、“命定”之类的宗教迷信，但又从家族的负罪感出发，反过来对清教的专制统治痛心疾首；他一方面接受了超验主义哲学观，相信客观的物质世界只是某种隐蔽的神秘力量的象征，又对当时风靡的“招魂”之类的巫术活动和科学技术的新发明同样感到不可思议；他一方面对新生的合众国满怀希望，但对社会上形形色色的腐化堕落及不平不公的原因又十分费解，便只好到人性的爱与恨、善与恶中去寻找答案。,1804年7月4日生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇一个没落世家，4岁丧父，1821年由亲戚资助进入博多因学院。1825年毕
5、业后回到塞勒姆从事写作。 1836年和1846年两度在海关任职 ，1841年参加超验主义者创办的布鲁克农场。1842年后结识了作家爱默生、梭罗等。1848年因政府更迭失去海关职位，后专心写作，完成了他最重要的长篇小说红字。 1853年被任命为驻英国利物浦的领事 。1857年后他侨居意大利，创作了另一部探讨善恶问题的小说玉石雕像。此后他回国定居康科德，1864年去世时留下4部未完成的长篇小说。,生平简介,主要作品,The Scarlet Letter 红字 Fanshawe 范肖 Young Goodman Brown 小伙子布朗 Rappaccinis Daughter拉伯西尼医生的女儿 Mo
6、sses from an Old Manse古宅青苔 The House of the Seven Gables带七个尖顶的 阁楼 The Blithedale Romance 福古传奇 The Snow Image雪影 The Celestial Railroad通天铁路 The Marble Faun石像人面,Major Themes of His Works,Sin and Evil History and Antiquity Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or soc
7、ietal cause, or a combination of both. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales. Other themes include individual vs. society, self-fulfillment vs. frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, and fate vs. free will, etc.,style typical romantic writer,a man of lite
8、rary craftsmanship，extraordinary in,the use of symbol,the use of ambiguity,revelation of characters psychology,the use of supernatural,The symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing,to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty multiple point of view,The
9、Scarlet Letter is the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America. In this novel Hawthorne condemned the Puritan philosophy of life. The novel is short but very moving. Prynne, a young and beautiful woman, came to New England two years before his husband, an old, ugly man who can not give
10、Prynne love. Prynne, then falls in love with Dimmesdale, a young handsome clergyman and then has a baby, Pearl, because she can not get any news from her husband, thinking that he has died. When her adultery is discovered, she is punished to wear a scarlet letter A on her chest all her life.Her husb
11、and, Roger, tries his best to torment Dismmesdale.And Dimmesdale, suffering from both physical and spirit torment, announces his sin at last, he dies an honest man. Roger, withers at last, Prynne, restructures her life and wins peoples respect, Pearl, leaves for Europe, marries a noble family, leadi
12、ng a happy life.,introduction,intelligent, capable, sympathetic,evil,inhuman cold-blooded,scholar.aloof. active conscience,couple,adultery,Pearl,Evocative Names,The names in this novel often seem to beg to be interpreted allegorically. Chillingworth is cold and inhuman and thus brings a “chill” to H
13、esters and Dimmesdales lives. “Prynne” rhymes with “sin,” while “Dimmesdale” suggests “dimness”weakness, indeterminacy, lack of insight, and lack of will, all of which characterize the young minister. The name “Pearl” evokes a biblical allegorical devicethe “pearl of great price” that is salvation.,
14、Comments and Criticizes,Edgar Allan Poe wrote important and somewhat unflattering reviews of both Twice-Told Tales and Mosses from an Old Manse Poes negative assessment was partly due to his own contempt of allegory and moral tales, and his chronic accusations of plagiarism.The style of Hawthorne is
15、 purity itself. His tone is singularly effectivewild, plaintive, thoughtful, and in full accordance with his themes We look upon him as one of the few men of indisputable genius to whom our country has as yet given birth,Comments and Criticizes,Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that Nathaniel Hawthornes rep
16、utation as a writer is a very pleasing fact, because his writing is not good for anything, and this is a tribute to the man” Henry James praised Hawthorne, saying, The fine thing in Hawthorne is that he cared for the deeper psychology, and that, in his way, he tried to become familiar with it.,thank you,