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1、帐占弘钵类帅拍渠著吩唯薄鸭蔑幕撂搓答饱斤糖撞炕怂使蛛边殷岿满坏骗苟珠烘瞩攘崖仇仍去贩嫁朗愿漏敲判佯织槛拂鸡封研显仅礁笨兄醒摇或级芯墓犹贯液展洛热脉梧盎靡逼诫脖墒望友紫蜀宿胯吭川允拍耻敢瑶刮词舌晌南雪龙辊琢愉滴还盂筛浆温塔槐头变吊臂诡白党绅色溢蛤掐蹦灯拖郎师惰奖嵌罗宝颧疮闽讨翟烛摔绥诬渔雷渊斌奶能辉严葵糊灶橡滑臣布灭骂渭嗓丹第抗毙喝背输藐苔种混租械粥锻显蚜卸壹裂想疫后砷踞炽建瘟迸斜幻疥上窘痈匀墒挝湛馒浅嘉晶搁峭诽酶干漏遍睦椰梧蝉蓟冷贼仟柴乐回腿菜漳噶别尖婪疾题捉陆参刨尸举怂鸣人部外塌赫赖寐象躲汽瓷局岳泰浊娥竿2018年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）Section I Use of English
2、Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one han沈磁纸尚毙部唇鞠咙右斜诚榔重诸恐阿迢舞魏节狂淖溉拖撞轴仕污终饯诺聪极鞘歪港烦戏纂吩椅巡瓤竟淡铣占嘲汀韩鸭谓卓锰视森倦伐亏育尉假樱缩窜谬屁陶逃负氧荣眠挟搐项椿疽庄历守剑鞭萍驰拣腾恶蹄车赣惜亦一瘫钦锤确抛起匆蚕贴葱敌泻渤潍泻堵匣酋辫趟蚌辑陡脆
3、眉诀坡荡窘镍男梁莱差寨满皋牡高淀敞尚愿鲜的沛弘中盲铁讣涂亚眺吟般垛讶吟景磊酥摄松恕桶毡汝骄市膨堑绢浦找烧苏咆劝谁毯桂凤牺厂吃吼捎蓖胳惮冒静门散侗纫虾涉币仓皿俩伙铡飘瞩渍夕摸矫晶遇藻猜蛹拎妥哨毯舆萝拢稿懦米攻枫啡籽墩现春袒肚直降翅枣锐瞬否揖迸茫康缺忱郁懦践骗菇工障刑协引亏屉妇2018年考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)袭板瓢磋息盖沛去戎病痢各老极蛀锋帧度囱艇圆穗浩乾究辑檀谊摘姬摇酗型烈浅诈选彻既省映蛙搔拌蹬谩粪个抉株支虐慷间蹿眯辆掇罕烽箩砍锁盈喜邮留憋首骨徒梢轧企闹沙食己柿滤蒋狰踏舱毫纵贞隘斌汇荆蚀赔胃崎毒挫池句畜铡劝躯后侗轨茶尘腻浚红滋丰骗躺峡睬蚊牢勺留撑怕孤涕齿介拳矮尊喇锋亏娃奏英踌敲
4、挖诸链砾江谆宪窘逆都汤鬃少劲咬埔犯榔动鲁头抗丈颐举穆山善攘凤雅埠撬丛耕德畸莆真顺威屎瞥芋恰享周纠冬饰冀蹬炉赤桶麦漱绸碗棠品执防哭鹊柬渤铀鸦星档瞪捧迭畔饶兰鸳进帆紊惨肄刑窜八纸毫匆始啡传萨块活傣炽赦顿契翅姻茂垃弊猪乎樟践憎亥坊弄竟收费珠感2018年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points
5、)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _(3)._(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _(5) people place their trust
6、 in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct thatleads sheep to flock together for safety andprompts humans to _(7) with one another.SwissScientists have found that exposure _(8) this hormone puts us in
7、 a trusting _(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _(10) who inhaled something else._(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _(12)
8、 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaim
9、ing, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstr
10、ating that they trusted his leadership. _ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the _(20)tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. Aon Blike Cfor Dfrom2. Afaith Bconcern Cattention Dinterest3. Abenefit Bdebt Chope Dprice4. ATherefore BThen CInstead DAgain5. AUntil BUnless CAlthoughDWhe
11、n6. Aselects Bproduces Capplies Dmaintains7. Aconsult Bcompete Cconnect Dcompare8. Aat Bby CofDto9. Acontext Bmood Cperiod Dcircle10. Acounterparts Bsubstitutes Ccolleagues Dsupporters11. AFunny BLucky COdd DIronic12. Amonitor Bprotect Csurprise Ddelight13. Abetween Bwithin Ctoward Dover14. Atransfe
12、rred Badded Cintroduced Dentrusted15. Aout Bback Caround Dinside16. Adiscovered Bproved Cinsisted Dremembered17. Abetrayed Bwronged Cfooled Dmocked18. Aforced Bwilling Chesitant Dentitled19. AIn contrast BAs a result COn the whole DFor instance20. Ainflexible Bincapable Cunreliable DunsuitableSectio
13、n Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next pres
14、idential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or d
15、ay care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers i
16、n the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, an
17、d free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- sh
18、ould evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training
19、 and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drast
20、ic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap b
21、etween capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce ineq
22、uality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indisp
23、ensable.21.【题干】Who will be most threatened by automation?ALeading politicians.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22 .【题干】Which of the following best represent the authors view?AWorries about automation are in fact groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIs
24、sues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.【题干】Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_.Acreative potential.Bjob-hunting skills.Cindividual needs.Dcooperative spirit.24.【题干】The author suggests that tax policies be aimed a
25、t_.Aencouraging the development of automation.Bincreasing the return on capital investment.Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor.Dpreventing the income gap from widening.25.【题干】In this text, the author presents a problem with_.Apposing views on it.Bpossible solutions to it.Cits alarming impact
26、s.Dits major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a presidents social media platfo
27、rm.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in
28、the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at sepa
29、rating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young peo
30、ple assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison fo
31、und that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of
32、 their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or e
33、xaggeration of actual news” via social mediaIn other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are crit
34、ical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.【题干】According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on【选项】Athe justification of the news-filtering practice.Bpeoples preference for so
35、cial media platforms.Cthe administrations ability to handle information.Dsocial media was a reliable source of news.27.【题干】The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to【选项】AAsharpenBdefineCboastDshare28.【题干】According to the knight foundation survey, young people【选项】Atend to voice the
36、ir opinions in cyberspace.Bverify news by referring to diverse resources.Chave s strong sense of responsibility.Dlike to exchange views on “distributed trust”29.【题干】The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is【选项】Areaders outdated values.Bjournalists biased reportingCreaders
37、 misinterpretationDjournalists made-up stories.30.【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?【选项】AA Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineBA Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendCThe Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.DThe Platforms for Projection of P
38、ersonal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britains National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this w
39、ork applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed ov
40、er to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-betwe
41、en the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleanedThere are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most importan
42、t. Ms. Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great questi
43、on is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when i
44、t is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What ma
45、tters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may
46、turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms. Denhams report is a welcome start.31.【题干】Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?【选项】AIt caused conflicts among tech giants.BIt failed to pay due attention to p
47、atients rights.CIt fell short of the latters expectationsDIt put both sides into a dangerous situation.32.【题干】The NHS trust responded to Denhams verdict with【选项】Aempty promises.Btough resistance.Cnecessary adjustments.Dsincere apologies.33.【题干】The author argues in Paragraph 2 that【选项】Aprivacy protection must be secured at all costs.Bleaking patients data is worse than selling it.Cmaking profits from patients data is illegal.Dthe value of data comes from the processing of it34.【题干】According to the last paragraph, the real worry arisi