高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总.docx

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1、2012 届高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总介 不能 独使用,必 后跟 ,构成介 短 在句中使用,介 短 由介 + 构成,在句中可作状 、定 和表 等。in,on, to,with,by,for,at,from,up, beyond,before,among, of,off,against,like, since, besides, behind, during等aboutbe about to 即将做What/How about ?怎么 for交 :He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.达到某一数 :She wrote a check for 20. 成, :

2、I m for getting up early and going to bed early.固定搭配:for one thing首先for example例如for ever永 for the time being ,目前for instance例如for free免 for the first time第一次for sale出售,待售watch out for警惕long for渴望for one s good (某人)好with和一起 : : He is playing table tennis with Tom.用工具:Dont write with a pencil.随着: The

3、 weather changes with seasons. 有,具有: Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.行 方式: Handle with care!原因: She shivered with cold.注意: with的复合 构:常在句中作状 ,表示伴随 作、行 方式及原因、条件或 果等情况。She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)她 常开着窗 睡 。He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)他手里拿着本 来了。She fel

4、t scared with so many people looking at her.( doing ) 么多人看着她,她感到害怕。With everything bought, he left the market.(done) 完了所需要的 西之后,他离开了市 。With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .(to do)由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步。用心爱心专心- 1 -He left his room with the light on. (adv.)他离开了房 ,灯亮着。by用于被 构:This book was written b

5、y Lu Xun.表地点,“靠近,在的旁 ”: There is a pumping station by the river.表 ,“在之前,不 于”: You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.表方法、手段:You will make progress only by studying hard.途径:He entered by the back door.表示按某物 准或 位:The company paid me by the hour.根据,按照:Don t judge a person by his appearance.触及,持住某人的

6、身体或衣物:I took the boy by the hand.表增减程度:He missed the target by an inch.固定搭配:little by little逐 地stone by stone一 石 一 石 地one by one一个一个地by mistake由疏忽所至by no means决不by accident偶然by chance偶然,碰巧by oneself独自by and by不久以后by far得多,最to 于, 向(某种情况,性 等),至某种状 :I was moved to tears.到(地点): Last week her aunt came t

7、o Shanghai. : I often write to my uncle.差( ): It is ten to eleven.比: The score is 2 to 1.伴随: He danced to the music.他随着音 跳舞。固定搭配 :to one s delight =to the delight of sb.使某人高 的是to one s joy = to the joy of sb.使某人高 的是to one s sorrow=to the sorrow of sb.使某人悲 的是to one s astonishment =to the astonishment

8、 of sb.使某人大吃一惊的是to one s surprise =to the surprise of sb.使某人吃惊的是off离 ,从离开: It is an island off the coast of France.through通 ,“从一 ,从另一 出”: She pushed her way through the crowd.由于: The war was lost through bad organization.从 至尾,由始至 :I read through the book.各 : We traveled through France.用心爱心专心- 2 -bey

9、ond表示位置在那一 ,超出(范 、限度):My home is beyond the bridge.This is beyond my comprehension.The fruit was beyond my reach.against反 , 背:We are against waste.靠着,倚:I sat against the wall.以 背景, 托:The picture looks good against that light wall.防御: We are all taking medicine against the disease.我 大家都在吃 防那种病。与相反,逆着

10、:We sailed against the wind.at在 (表空 、地点) : I don t know the man standing at the gate.在 刻(表 ) :We usually go to work at two in the afternoon.以(速度、价格) : They sold their beef at a high price. 于状 ,从事于:The two countries were at war.表示目 ,意 “朝, ”: We had a heated argument and shouted at each other.与有情感的 用(

11、如 angry,delighted,glad,happy, sad, disappointed,shocked,excited等)表示 生 些感情的原因,“因 , 于” :I was surprised at the news.We were in deep sorrow at his death.I m glad at hearing your return home from Canada.His parents were disappointed at his losing the chance to university.固定搭配:at the latest最 at sea在海上,在航

12、海at once 上at most至多at least至少at first起初,开始的 候at present目前at one time曾 at a time一次at breakfast吃早餐 at the same time同 at stake在 关 ,冒 over超 : There are over twenty girls in our class.遍于: I have traveled all over Europe.在上方(与under 相反):There is a bridge over the river.越 ( 尤指先往上再往下) : He jumped over the wa

13、ll.在期 :Will you be at home over Christmas?通 :I don t want to say it over the telephone.用心爱心专心- 3 -在上面盖着:He put the newspaper over his face.in在方面: Your success in the examination depends upon your efforts now.用 言:He wrote a letter in English.表示 算或度量的 准,“用,以” : The energy is measured in calories.在之内(表

14、 或空 ): The work was completed in two weeks. 后( ):It will be ready in a week.穿、戴: He is in a silk shirt.表状 : He was in poor health.The room is in a mess.表示原材料: The letter was written in ink.固定搭配:in public公开地in order to 了in no time立刻in common共同,共用in all 共in fact 上in the end最后, 于in the distance在 in a l

15、ow voice低声地in a word 之in other words 句 in modern times 代,近代in place在适当的地方in general一般 来in the past在 去in this way用 种方法in return作 回 in short 言之in the open air在 外take pride in以自豪take part in参加play a part in在方面起作用in the form of以形式in sight在 力范 之内,看得 in case万一in the name of以名 in detail 地on在的表面上:There are

16、two maps on the wall.在的 候(某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上),表具体或特殊的日子:On the morning of November 12, 1939, Dr. Bethune breathed his last.有关, 及:I have written an article on the importance of birth control.用心爱心专心- 4 -在河畔,沿着:London is on the Thames.是的一 :My classmate is on China Daily.固定搭配:on doing sth.一就on leave休假on pur

17、pose故意on holiday度假on the whole 的来 on fire着火on one s own独自, 独on strike 工on the left/right在左 / 右 on the contrary相反地on sale出售 / 减价on average平均on the air(无 / )播送on board在 / 船 / 机上call on sb.拜 某人on behalf of代表On (hearing).一(听到)就of和某一 用表示“想到”,“ 到”: He began to talk of his hometown.表示所属关系:He is a worker of

18、 the Beijing.fromfrom among( 从当中 ) , from behind(从后面) , from under (从下面 ) ,at about( 在大 左右) , afterabout( 在大 之后) , from across( 从的 岸 ) ,from above(从上方 ) 等I took a ball from under the table.我从桌底拿出一个球。易 点点 :1 in与 withinin 后接表示 度的名 ,可以与将来 或 去 用。如果它与将来 用, 常表示“ 一段 之后”;如果与非将来 用,常表示“在之内”。The train will arr

19、ive in fifteen minutes.火 有十五分 就到了。within后接表示 度的名 ,表示在 一范 之内,“不超 ,不到”某一段 。可以同将来 和 去 用,比in 更正式。I shall be back within three weeks.我三周之内回来。2 in和 afterin 后接一段 ,after接某一点的 ,均可用于将来 。in 不可以接表示某一点的 名 ,而after 如果在 去 的句子中可以加一段的 名 ,表示从 去某一 算起, in 加一段 指从 在的 算起。I ll come back in an hour.我要在一小 后回来。( in an hour 一段

20、)I ll come back after three o clock.我要在三点 之后回来。( three o clock 点)用心爱心专心- 5 -3 through , across和 over它 都可用作介 ,与 用,表示“通 ,穿 ” 。但 across 在某一物体平面上运 ,与 on 有关, 重横 式横向通 ; through 运 在某一物体的三 空 (内部) 行,与 in 有关, 重在空 穿 ; over 是从某物体上方越 ,或在高形物上穿 ,当表示在某一 形物的另一 用法同across.Then we took off and flew over the mountain.随后

21、我 起 了, 高山。The road runs through the village. 条路穿 村子。They walked across the square.他 走 广 。4 besides和 except, butbesides“除之外, 有”,表示附加意 ;except“除了,不包括” ,常与表示全肯定或全部否定的 用,表示整体中除去例外,即整体中不再包括除去部分。but 意 与 except 相同,但 气 except 弱;使用 except 的限制 少, 而使用 but 有 多限制,but 只能用在none, all, nobody, anybody, everything, e

22、veryone,以及 who, what, where之后。We all went to the party besides Tom.除了 姆参加了晚会,我 也去了。We all went to the party except /but Tom.除了 姆没去晚会,我 都去了。Who but/except a fool would do such a thing?除了傻瓜,有 会做 的事情呢?5 except和 except forexcept是从一 西中排除其特殊一个或几个,except for 是以保留的方式 整个句子内容 行修正,也就是 ,如果两部分所用的 或 所表示的并非同一 事,而它

23、 之 又是所属关系, 句子后半部 前半部所 的基本情况在 上加以修正,就要用 exceptfor 。except 只用于句中、句末,不用于句首。Except for可用于句首。I looked everywhere except in the bathroom.除了浴室之外,我到 都看了。He is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。6 It be +形容 + for sb. to do sth./ It be +形容 +of sb. to do sth.如果句型中的形容 描述的是sb. 的品 、品格,在 上可以作sb. 的表 ,

24、sb. 前 用介 of ,否 就用for 。It s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我 用一台短波收音机收听 些 目是必要的。It was foolish of him to give up the job.他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。( = He was foolish to give up the job.)7. between和 amongbetween 一般表示在两者之 ,也可表示在两个以上的人或物的两者之 。among用于三者以上,常指数目不确定的事物, 可用于最高 =one of

25、然 between 和 among都可表示在两者以上之 ,但 among用于不分 看待的一堆或一群人或物之 , between 把两者以上各个个体分 看待,而且 些人或物 数不多,彼此用心爱心专心- 6 -界限分明 , 强调每两者之间的关系。Distribute the books among the students.把书发给学生。 (有一群学生)The speaker referred to the relations between the three countries.发言的人提到了这三个国家之间的关系。(这三个国家之间的每两者间的关系)China is among the oldest countries in the world.中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。( among =one of )8. by, in和 withby 表示方法、手段, 交通工具; in表示原料、语言等;with表示用工具和五官等I write with my right hand.我用右手写字。 (五官)The article was written in ink.这篇文章是用钢笔写的。( in ink表示原料 =with a pen表示工具)用心爱心专心- 7 -

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