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1、虚拟语气讲解语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种 ：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气 (indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood), 表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句 )两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结
2、果主句都用陈述语气。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water.你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。条件从句主句与 现 在 事should （ would, might ， could ）If 主语 +动词过去式（be 的过去式用were ）实相反+动词原形与 过 去 事should （ would, might，If 主语+had+ 过去分词实相
3、反could ） + have过去分词与 将 来 事If主 语+ 动 词 过去 式 （实 可 能 相were ）； should 动词原形；反形be的 过 去 式 用should （ would, might ， could ）were to 动词原+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句的谓语用should（ would, might， could ） +动词原形。如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们
4、不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）If he came here, he might be able to help you.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）12. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+ 过去分词，主句的谓语用should（ would, might，could ） + have过去分词。如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
5、If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be 的过去式用were) ； should 动词原形； were to 动词原形，主句用should（ would, might， could ） +动词原形。如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of Fre
6、nch.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了， 我会再试一次。（事实是： 有可能失败， 可我会再试。 表示未知。）虚拟语气专练1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes ea
7、rlier you _ him.A. come ,would meetB. had come, would have metC. come, will meetD. had come, would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speakD. to sp
8、eak5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time.A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hoursB. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you
9、 last night.A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone28.Let s say you could go there again how _ feelA. will youB. should youC. would youD. do you9.I can t stand him. He always talks as though he _ everythin g.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known10._ the fog we should have reached our scho
10、ol.A. Because ofB. In spite ofC. In case ofD. But for11.If you had told me in advance I _ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have metD. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taught
11、D. would teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. wasD. would be14.He s working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fallen behind15.If it _ another ten minutes the game would have been ca
12、lled off.A. had rainedB. would have rainedC. have seenD. rained16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting.A. ShouldB. wouldC. doD. had17.My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not wentB. won t go C. not goD. not to go18.I would have gone to the meet
13、ing if I _ time.A. had hadB. have hadC. hadD. would have had19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bikeA. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decidedD. shall decide against20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleepB. went to sleepC. go to bedD. went to bed21. Why didn t you
14、 buy a new carI would have bought one if I _ enough money.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. had had22.If she could sew _.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat23._ today he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. We
15、re he to leaveD. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they d only let us know earlier_ at the station.3A. we d meet themB. we ll meet themC. we d have met themD. we ve met them26.If I _ you I _ m
16、ore attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was, shall payB. am, will payC. would be, would payD. were, would pay27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not givenD. did not give28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a
17、year.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have29.It is strange that he _ so.A. would sayB. would speakC. should sayD. will speak30.Had I known her name _A. or does she know mineB. and where does she liveC. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.31.He has just arrived but he talks as if he
18、 _ all about that.A. knowB. knowsC. knownD. knew32.If I _ the money I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessedB. ownedC. hadD. had had33.He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists that John _ no more boo
19、ks from the library before he returns all thebooks he has borrowed.A. will takeB. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night but I wish I _ so early.A. didn t leaveB. hadn t left C. haven t left D. couldn t leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time.A. hadB. didn t have C.
20、 had hadD. have37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I m sure that you would have enjoyed theconcert.A. hadn t B. didn t have had C. hadn t hadD. hadn t have38.He insisted that we all _ in his office atone o clock.A. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be39. - Helen couldn t go to France after
21、all.-That s too bad. I m sure she would have enjoyed it if _.A. she s goneB. she ll go C. she d goneD. she d go40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hour before the discussion begins.A. goB. shall goC. will goD. would go41 5 BBDAD6 10 DDCAD11 15 CDCAA16 20 ACAAD21 25 DBCCC26 30
22、DCCCD31 35 DDCCB36 39 DCAC解析：1.wish 后面用虚 气，表示与 去事 相反用 去完成 。2.条件句表示与 去事 相反，主句用 去将来完成 ，从句用 去完成 。3.as if 后面如果表示真 情况就不用虚 。4.It is important that是主 从句的虚 气，从句用sb. should do的形式。5.as if 后面是真 情况，不虚 。6.lain 是 lie 的 去分 ，表示“躺 ”。7.could have done表示 “本来可以 ”。8.与将来相反的虚 气，主句用 去将来 。9.as if 表示不可能 生的事情 用虚 气。10.but for表
23、示 “要不是 的 ”，通常与虚 气搭配使用。11.in advance表示 “事先 ”，表示与 去事 相反的虚 气。12.wish 的 从句表示 生在将来的愿望用 去将来 。13.but 的并列句表示真 情况，不用虚 气。14.for fear that后面的状 从句用sb. should do的形式。15. 表示与 去事 相反，主句用 去将来完成 ，从句用 去完成 。16.suggest后面的 从句用sb. should do的形式。17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式， should 可以省略。18. 表示与 去事 相反，从句用 去完成 。19.would ra
24、ther的 从句用sb. did 的形式。20.It is time后面的定 从句用sb. did 的形式。21. 第一个 had 是 去完成 ，第二个had 表示 “有 ”。22.would have done是 去将来完成 ，表示与 去相反的虚 气。23. 是虚 气的倒装形式，把if 去掉，助 提前。524.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式， should 可以省略。25. 表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26. 在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be 动词都要用were 的形式。27. 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用s
25、b. should do的形式， should 可以省略。29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。31.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。32. 第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个had 表示 “有 ”。33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。34. 当 insist 表示 “坚持认为 ”时不用虚拟形式。35.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。36.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。37.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。38. 当 insist 表示 “坚持要求 ”时从句用虚拟形式。39. 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。6