高考英语-2019年备战高考英语巩固练习-定语从句(含解析).docx

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1、2019 备战高考英语专题巩固练习 -定语从句（含解析）一、单选题1.It is a luxury in such circumstances to expect individual attention, especially inclasses students in the back rows can hardly see the blackboard.A. that B. where C. when D. which 2.School violence is increasing in primary and middle schools across the country, _ca

2、uses are difficult to find sometimes.A. which B. where C. what D. whose 3.He is a man of great experience much can be learned.A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 4.We really appreciate our learning environment, _ we can have direct communication.A. whom B. which C. where D. when 5.American wom

3、en usually identify their best friends as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 6.Anyone has a dog as a pet will tell you a dog means to a family.A. which; what B. who; why C. who; what D. which; why 7._ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead

4、 rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which 8.Mr. Johnsons son _ lives in Chicago is a doctor.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which9.Have you heard that our primary school will be torn down next year?Really? I suppose it is such bad news _ most of its former and present students will feel upset about.A. that B.

5、which C. as D. what 10.This is an unpleasant subject _ we might argue for a long while.A. in which B. with them C. about which D. with it 11.The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes.A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when 12.Last week,only two peop

6、le came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 13.This modern hotel, _ the visitors can enjoy the best service in the city, is _Mary stayed last time.A. which；what B. in which；where C. that；which D. where；in which 14.We are at a st

7、age _ its still too early to say whether the newly-elected president will bring hope to the US.A. that B. where C. which D. 不填th15.Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.A. when B. which C. whose D. where 16.With the fast development of agriculture, th

8、e people, in _ village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.A. whom B. whose C. which D. who 17.We climbed up to the top of a hill, we got a good view of the whole forest park.A. which B. where C. when D. that 18.Not far from the club, there was a garden, _ owner was seated in it playing

9、 cards with his children every afternoon.A. its B. of which C. which D. whose 19.Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. which C. whose D. what 20.There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the lar

10、ger of which 21.He stayed there for quite a long time, during_ time he learned much spoken English.A. that B. this C. which D. the same 22.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. which C. as D. what23.It rained this morning, _ actually didnt both

11、er me because I like walking in the rain.A. what B. when C. where D. which 24.The computer, help we human beings have stepped into the information age, should be regarded as one of the most important inventions in the 20 century.A. which B. whose C. with its D. with whose 25.They put forward a lot o

12、f plans at the meeting, none of _were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. that D. what 26.She is looking forward to the day her daughter wins the gold medal in the Olympics.A. how B. which C. when D. where 27.Many children parents had died in the earthquake were well looked after by the vi

13、llagers.A. who B. whom C. that D. whose二、语法填空28. But the one million people of the city, _ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.29. Some people _ are successful language learners often fail in other fields.30. I have found the very shop _ has everything we need.31. 语法填空The

14、re has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界)_ a method offighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical comm

15、unity was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As_ result, people will

16、eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even_ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by_ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduc

17、e the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be_ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,_ is not good for the health. 32.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. 33.The film was _ g

18、reat success, _ received several awards at home and abroad. 34.He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s. 35.Nobody wants the house _ roof has fallen in.36. She studied at Peking University, after _ she went on to have her further study abroad.37. The sun heats the e

19、arth, _makes it possible for plants to grow.答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】B【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：在这种情况下，在这样的氛围中期望个人的注意力保持是一种奢侈， 尤其是在后排学生几乎看不见黑板的课堂上。in classes students in the back rows can hardly see the blackboard. 分析本句可知，先行词是 classes，在从句中作状语，放在从句中应该是 students in the back rows can hardly see the blackboar

20、d in the class ， 因此可以用 in which=where，因此选 B。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句。2.【答案】D【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：校园暴力在遍及全国的中小学校都在增加，有时，很难找到它的原 因。这里考察定语从句，很难找到的是“校园暴力的原因”，故用关系代词 whose 引导。选 D。 【点评】考查引导定语从句的关系词。3.【答案】D【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】考查定语从句的介词+关系代词。对后面从句还原为正常语序应为 One can lea

21、rn much from him. 由此可知，此处介词 from 必不可少，而him 对应的关系代词应为 whom。 句意:他是一个经验丰富的人，从他身上可以学到很多东西。故选 D。4.【答案】C【考点】非限制性定语从句【解析】【分析】句意：我们非常感激我们的学习环境，在那里我们可以直接交流。learning environment 是先行词指物，排除 A 和 D；先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where 引导，排除 B，故答案选 C.【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词 where 引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。 5.【答案】D【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引

22、导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：美国妇女通常把她们能够与之经常交谈的人看作她们的好朋友。将 先行词 someone 带入定语从句为：they can talk frequently with someone, with 是介词，其后 接指人的关系词要用 whom，故选 D。6.【答案】C【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法，宾语从句的连接词【解析】【分析】句意：任何有狗当宠物的人都会告诉你狗对家庭的意义。has a dogas a pet 是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 anyone，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who；a dog means to a family.是一个宾语从句，引导

23、词在从句中作 means 的宾语，故用what，所以选 C。【点评】考查定语从句和宾语从句，本题涉及 who 引导的限制性定语从句和 what 引导的宾 语从句的应用。7.【答案】A【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：正如已经指出的，语法不是一套死规则。as 引导非限制性定语从句， 代替后面的一句话。8.【答案】A【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：住在芝加哥的 Mr. Johnson 的儿子是一名医生。此处是定语从句，先 行词是 Mr. Johnsons son，_ lives in Chicago 是定语从句，先行词在定语从句中做主语， 故选 A。【

24、点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 who 引导的限制性定语从句。9.【答案】C【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。句意：有没有听说我们的小学明年要被拆除了？是吗？ 我想大多数以前和现在的学生知道这个坏消息都会感到伤心难过的。第二个句子中依照句子 中的“such”一词可以判定出后面是接“that” 或“as”；接着判断后面的句子是否完整，很明显后 面的句子“most of its former and present students will feel upset about.”中 about 后面没有宾 语，故只能用 as 充当宾语成分从而构成定语从句来修饰前

25、面的“news”一词。如果在后一句 中 about 后接了宾语则需要考虑为“suchthat”的结果状语从句，故 C 项正确。10.【答案】C【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：这是一个令人不快的话题，我们也许要争论很久。argue about something 争论某事。11.【答案】D【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。句意：这本书是在 1946 年写的，自从 1946 年起，教育体 系见证了巨大的变化。根据 has witnessed great challenges 现在完

26、成时，可知要用 since 引导 时间状语从句，因为 the education system has witnessed great challenges句子的主谓宾成分完 整，不用关系代词用关系副词。then 不能引导定语从句。故选 D。12.【答案】D【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】考查定语从句、前面的 two people 已经给出范围了,所以只能用 neither,neither 是指两个人的,如果是 three people 或者更多按照句子的意思就得用 none，B 选项 them 不能引导定义从句。故选 D13.【答案】B【考点

27、】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法，表语从句【解析】【分析】考查定语从句和表语从句。hotel 做先行词，指物，在非限制性定语从句中 做地点状语，可知第一空填 where/in which；is 后面是表语从句，引导词在表语从句中做地 点状语，可知第二空填 where。故选 B。温馨提示：介词+which/whom 只引导定语从句，不能引导其他从句。14.【答案】B【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：我们还处于这样一个阶段，判断新当选的总统是否会给美国带来希 望为时太早。先行词是 stage，定语从句的结构很完整，it 是形式主语，后面的不定式是真

28、 正的主语。先行词在定语从句中作状语，当先行词是 stage 时，定语从句关系词一般使用关 系副词 where。故答案为 B。【点评】考查定语从句关系词的选择。15.【答案】D【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：很多国家正在建立可以保护动植物的国家公园。 _ animals and plants can be protected.是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 national parks, 先行词在从句中 充当地点状语，因此选 D。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句的应用。 16.【答案】B【考点】非限制性定语从句【解析】【分析】句

29、意：随着农业的迅速发展，10 年前她在他们村子里教书的人都已经过上 了幸福的生活。本题定语从句的先行词是 the people，关系动词 whose 指代先行词，放在名 词 village 前面做定语。In which 和 who 不能在句中做定语；故 B 正确。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 whose 引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。 17.【答案】B【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此处 the top of a hill 是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句不缺主谓宾语，缺一个地点状 语，故选 B。【

30、点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词 where 引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。 18.【答案】D【考点】非限制性定语从句【解析】【分析】句意：距离俱乐部不远处，有一个花园，它的主人每天下午坐在花园里和 他的孩子们玩纸牌。这里构造非限制性定语从句，用 whose 指代先行词花园的，在定语从 句中作定语。故选 D。【点评】该题考查的是非限制性定语从句的考点。19.【答案】C【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。关系词在从句中作 parts 的定语，且先行词为 machine，是物，故关系词用 whose。20.【答案】D【考点】“介词关系

31、代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：有两幢楼，其中较大的那幢有将近一百英尺高。the larger of which= and the larger of them。21.【答案】C【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。句意：他呆在那里好长时间，期间他学了许多口语英语。 因在介词后不能用 that 来引导定语从句，所以选 C。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握 which 引导的定语从句的用法。 22.【答案】A【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。题干中的

32、先行词为 all the information，能够引导定语从句 的选项为 A、B、C。as 引导限制性定语从句，先行词一般有 such，as，the same 等词修饰； 先行词被 all，the only，next，only，形容词最高级等修饰时，定语从句用 that 引导，故选 A。 23.【答案】D【考点】非限制性定语从句【解析】【分析】句意：今天早上下雨了，这实际上没有打扰我，因为我喜欢在雨中散步。 此处是整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作主语，故用 which 作关系词，故答 案为 D。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。24.【

33、答案】D【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】在电脑的帮助下人类进入了信息时代。如选择 C 项，两个句子缺少连词。 D 项引导点语从句。with whose help = with the help of the computer. 故 D 项正确。25.【答案】A【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：他们在会议上提出了很多计划，其中没有一个在工作中被执行。先 行词 a lot of plans 为物，指物的引导词做介词宾语时，只能使用 which，故选 A。【点评】考查定语从句的关系词。26.【答案】C【考点】关系副词引导定语从句

34、的用法，单项选择型【解析】【分析】句意:她盼望着女儿在奥运会中获得金牌的那一天(的到来)。空处引导定语 从句,且在从句中作时间状语。故该定语从句应用 when 引导。故选 C。【点评】考查关系副词引导的定语从句。根据句意，分析句子成分，从而确定句子所缺的成 分。27.【答案】D【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：许多父母死于地震的孩子得到了村民们的很好的照顾。parents had died in the earthquake 是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 manychildren，在从句中作 parents 的定语，故用关系代词 whose，选 D。【点评】考查定语从

35、句，本题涉及关系代词 whos 引导的定语从句的应用。二、语法填空28.【答案】who【考点】非限制性定语从句【解析】【分析】句意：然而,城市中的一百万人口没怎么考虑这些事件,都在那天晚上像往常一样睡着了。thought little of these events 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who，故填 who。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及 who 引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。29.【答案】who【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：一些成功的语言学习者常常在其他领域失败。Some people 是先行 词，定语从句中

36、缺少主语，故答案为 who。【点评】考查定语从句关系代词的选用。30.【答案】that【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法，语法填空【解析】【分析】句意：我已经找到了那家能买到我们需要的一切的商店。shop 是先行词， the very 修饰先行词，关系词要用 that。故答案为 that。【点评】考查定语从句，理解句意，确定先行词，根据从句的结构即可判断答案。 31.【答案】as；effects ；to process；are removed；a；worse；is；eating ；careful；which 【考点】形容词，关系代词引导定语从句的用法，动词不定式【解析】【分析】(1)考查介词。

37、句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。 as 表示“作为，以 身份”，故填 as。(2) 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的 some 可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填 effects。(3) 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require 表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示 “要 求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填 to process。(4) 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知 fat

38、，salt 和 move 之间是 被 动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填 are removed。 (5)考查冠词。 固定短语 as a result 表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损 失的东西。故填 a。(6) 查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填 worse。(7) 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食 物，为 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。(8) 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。 根据前文 中的 by

39、可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填 eating。(9) 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知 be 后面应该用形容词作表语，故填 careful。(10)考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析 可知 which is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。 【点评】 语法填空主要通过语篇在语境中考语法，因此在解题前要快速浏览全文，把握全 文大意，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的 词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单

40、词和所给词 的正确形式。32.【答案】where【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：现在人们更关心他们居住的环境。they live 是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是 the environment ，在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句的应用。33.【答案】a；which【考点】不定冠词，非限制性定语从句，语法填空【解析】【分析】名词 success 表示“成功的事”时，为可数名词；which 引导的是一个非限制 性定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故答案为（1）a; （2）which.【点评】考查抽象名词

41、具体化和非限制性定语从句关系代词的选用。34.【答案】which【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法【解析】【分析】句意：他写了很多儿童读物，其中近一半是在 20 世纪 90 年代出版的。在 非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom 或者 of which/whom 都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是 few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, th

42、e smallest, the majority等。指 物用 which。故答案为：which。【点评】考查定语从句中“整体与部分”的关系代词。35.【答案】whose【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法，语法填空【解析】【分析】句意：没人想要屋顶塌陷的房子。the house 作先行词，在后面的定语从句 中作定语，roof 与 house 构成所属关系，故答案为 whose。【点评】考查 whose 引导定语从句，首先要确定先行词，然后确定先行词在从句中的功能。 36.【答案】which【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法，语法填空【解析】【分析】句意：她曾在北京大学学习，此后，她又到国外深造。“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句，关系代词只能用 which 或 whom，且不能省略。此处用 which 指代前面一 整句的内容。故答案为 which。【点评】考查“介词+关系代词“”引导的定语从句的关系代词选用。37.【答案】as/which【考点】as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别【解析】【分析】句意：太阳给地球热，这使植物有可能生长。as 和 which 都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。故答案为：as/which。 【点评】考查 as 和 which 都可引导非限制性定语从句。