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1、第十一篇When our Eyes Serve our Stomach Our senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world;theyre affected by whats going on in otir heads, A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. Psychologists have known for decad
2、es that whats going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer cliildren think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter, Remi Radel of University of Nice Sopbia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right
3、 away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index.On the day of his or her rest,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eat
4、ing. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by o
5、ne ,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word , eachperson was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words th
6、eyd seen -a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reli
7、ably seen, this means that the difference is in perception not in thinking processes,Radel says. This is something great to me, Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,1 know that our brain can really be at the disposal of 6 our motives andneeds , Radel
8、 says.词汇：threshold n. 起点，开端；门槛 disposal n. 处理，处置：配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n. 动机，目的strive v. 努力.力求：斗争注释：1.Our senses arent just delivering a strict view of in our heads ：这个句子的大概意思是：我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。2.university of Nice Sophia-Antipolis ：法国尼斯 索菲亚 安提波利斯大学t 简称尼斯大学1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学
9、在尼斯市设有7 处主校园，另外，还在萦菲亚 ，安提波利斯市( Sophia Antipolis) 、戛纳市( Cannes) 和芒东市( Menton) 设有校区。索菲亚 安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多高等学府的所在地。3.body mass index ：身体质量指数4.at the threshold of：当快要开始时5.in perception ：感知6.at the disposalof：受到的控制练习： 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? A Hungry people see eve
10、ry word more clearly than ordinary people. B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. C Hungrypeople are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? A
11、 Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees,hungry and non-hungry. C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.3. What does the writer wan
12、t to tell us? A Humans senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world. B Whats perceived by our senses affects onr way of thinking. C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4.
13、What did the results of the experiment indicate? A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. C People who bad just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The participants could barel
14、y perceive what they needed or wbat they strived for. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking proeesses are independent of our senses. D Humans
15、 can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.答案与题解：1.C 第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words 比较清楚.选项C 的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A 说的是every word.所以不是答案。选项B 和D 文章中没有提到。2. B 答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42 名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10 分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Rade
16、l用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B 是答案.3.C 虽然A、B、D 选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节.而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。4.A 第四段第三行中consciously 与A 项中的intentionally 是同义词。B 项neutral 意思为“ 中性的” 在本文中的意思是与food-relatad 相对的，即“与食物不相关的” 因此是错误选择：C项不符合课文原意；D项barely 意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有” 因此也不符合句意。5.D 选项A 所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项；B、C 内容也不能直接从
17、短文中推断出来。选项D 是答案. 最后一段第二句的“Humans an really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D 项提供了依据。 第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener ExperienceShimi,a musical companion developed by Georgia Techs Center for Music Technology, recommends songs,dances to the beat and keeps the music p
18、umping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enableds ,one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive musical friend. Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music, said Professor Gil Weinberg , the robots creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th G
19、oogle I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests ,dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with abrain powered by an Android phone. Once docked the robot gains the sensing
20、and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. In other words, if theres an app for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software, Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its ears , or speakers,for optimal sound. Another
21、recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat Shimi analyzes it,scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestions. Once the music starts, Shimi dances to the rbythm. Many people think that robots are limited by their program
22、ming instructioms, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan, Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease
23、the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimis reative and interactive capabilities. I believe that our cente
24、r is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes. Weinberg said,Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement will Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. If robots are going to arri
25、ve in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines- small,entertaining and fun, Weinberg said. They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.词汇:pump v. 用抽水机抽：不断播放(音乐） scan v. 扫描；浏览sync n. 同步，同时；iv. 使同步 skip v. 轻跳，跳跃tempo n. 速度；节奏注释：1 . Georg
26、ia Tech ：全称是Georgia Institute of Technology ，佐治亚理工学院，建于1885 年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院，也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一 排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MTT) 和加州理工学院( CalTech) 。2. pump ：不断播放(音乐 ) 。例如：This radio station recently pumps out pop music. ( 这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。)3. smartphone-enabled：由智能手机系统支持的4. is billed as ：相当于is advertis
27、ed as ,意为“被标榜为”5. docking station：插接站，扩充基座，扩展插口6. Android：(科幻小说里的)机器人。本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus 为基础的开放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。目前Android尚未有统一中文译名, 国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或”安致”。据2012年2月数据，Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额，中国市场占有率为68.4%。7. dock ： 对接8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities ：传感和音乐生成能力9. a
28、pp：应用程序( =application)10. if the user taps a beat ：如果用户打出某个( 音乐) 拍子11 .in the works：正在准备阶段：在进行中或准备中12. intelligent service robots ：智能服务型机器人练习： 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs? A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot. B Shimi is the creator of the musical compan
29、ion. C Shimi is a docking station with abrainpowered by an Android phone. D Shimi can gain tbe sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat? A It stores the beat in the musical library. B It transmits the beat to the docking stat
30、ion.C It Positions its speakers for optimal sound. D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with alat beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true? A Robots are limited by their programming instructions ,and Shimi is no exception. B Present apps allow the user to shake their
31、head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song. C Existing apps allow the user to wave a band to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume. D Shimi can be creative and interactive._ 4. What does the author want to tell us? A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi. B Weinber
32、g only expects staffs from Georgia Tech. to develop more apps for Shimi. C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization. D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes. 5. Which of the following is Weinbergs assertion? A Shimi as a robotic musical compani
33、on can be applied to all types of smart phones. B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes. C Shimis creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users. D Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.答案与题解：1.B
34、 在前三段中均可找到与选项A、C、D 相应的句子，强调Shimi是一种电子设备；B 与原文不符，Shimi不是该机器人的发明者，Gi1 Weinberg 教授才是the robots creator。2.D 选项D 简要地表述了第三段的倒数第二句“If the user taps a beat，Shimi analyzes it， scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思，所以是答案。选项A、B、C 都不符合上述句子的含义。3.D 选项
35、A 的意思与原文相反，虽然人们认为机器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi 却表现出具有创造能力和互动能力，所以A 不是答案。选项D 的意思与原文相同. 因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未来的应用程序：future apps in the works，而选项B，C 是指目前的应用程序，两者的表述均与原文有出入。4.A 第三段介绍Shimi的多种功能，第四段和第五段说Weinberg 还在开发更多的应用程序来丰富Shimi 的功能，还希望其他研发者也参与开发，因此，A 是答案。选项B 说Weinberg仅仅希望Georgia Tech 员工参与开发更多的应用软件.这与原文不符。文章最后一段告诉我们，
36、Weinberg 正在与Georgia Tech 进行有关Shimi 商业化的谈判. 选项C 的意思与此相反，不会是答案。选项D 也与原文不符。5. B 选项A、C 和D 的内容Weinberg 都没有说过。第三段告诉我们，Shimi是Android smartphone 的扩充基座，并不适用于所有智能手机，所以A 选项不正确；sShimi 尚未进人市场，还谈不上公众对Shimi 欣赏与否的问题，因此选项C 不符合原意；Shimi正在进行商业化运作，但绝非已经完成，所以D 也不是正确选项。本题的答案是B 依据是最后一段倒数第二句。第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why H
37、umans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences have discovered that human
38、 walking upright , may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce,high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understa
39、nd what ecologieal settings would lead a large ape - one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees - to walk on two legs. These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two
40、 legs, said Dr. Richmond. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.Over time,intense bursts of b
41、ipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea, The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys outdoor laboratory in a n
42、atural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nutthe oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations : (a) when only oil
43、palm nuts were available ,(b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c) wbem coula nuts were tbe majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority reso
44、urce, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely. In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a fact
45、or of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource ,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouths. The second study , by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brooke
46、s University was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rate and unpredictable resources. Here ,35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again , this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear at
47、tempt to carry as much as possible at one time.词汇：scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的;稀有的 bipedal adj. 二足的chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩 anatomical adj. 解剖的ape n. 无尾猿；类人猿 coula nuts( coula 也可写作cola 或kola) 可乐果注释：1.GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences ：乔治华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学院。乔治 华盛顿大学( George Washington Univerity ) 的英文简称为GW ，是美国
48、顶尖的私立大学之一，于1821年建校，位于美国首都华盛顿。2. ecological settings ：生态环境3. bipedal activity ：双足活动4. anatomical change ：解剖学上的变化5. Kyoto University ：京都大学，是继东京大学之后成立的日本第二所国立大学，于1897 年建校。 京都大学主要校区位于日本历史名城京都市。6. Bossou ：博苏，几内亚的一个地名。博苏森林生活着黑猩猩群落。7. oil palm nut：油棕榈坚果8. increased by a factor of four ：增加了四倍9. in one go：一口气10. Oxford Brookes University ：牛津布鲁克斯大学，创立于1865 年，是英国最具特色的综合性大学之一。牛津布鲁克斯大学位于世界学术名城牛津。这里学风浓郁、精英荟萃，历来为求学圣地。练