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1、Unit 3Understanding each other重点单词【1】 difference n. 差异点，不同之处Could you explain to me the differences between British English and American English?你能给我解释一下英式英语和美式英语的区别吗？There is not much difference in colour.在颜色上没有多大差别。Whether he comes or not will not make a big difference.他来与不来将没有什么很大的影响。(1)differ v.
2、不同；不一样；有区别 (from)Our customs differ from those in America.我们的风俗习惯与美国不一样。有异议，有分歧 (over/about/on )The designers differed over how to solve the problem.设计者们对怎样解决问题有分歧。(2)different adj. 不同的，有差异的My invention is quite different from his.我的发明和他的很不一样。I am sorry that what I have said _ him.A. has no differen
3、ce onB. makes no difference toC. differsD. makes difference toB根据I am sorry可知句意为“我说的话没有起作用”。make (no) difference to对(没)有作用/影响。 【2】 celebration n. 庆祝，庆典His success deserves a huge celebration.他的成功值得大大地庆祝一下。in celebration of庆祝My mother promised me that she would hold a party in celebration of my birth
4、day.妈妈答应我会举行一个派对来庆祝我的生日。celebrate v. 庆祝，赞颂On October 1st, we celebrate our National Day.在10月1日，我们庆祝国庆节。This is a movie celebrating the life and work of Martin Luther King.这是一部颂扬马丁路德金生平事迹的影片。celebrate, congratulatecelebrate的意思是“庆祝生日/节日/胜利/成功等事件”，其后不接人或that从句充当宾语。congratulate表示“庆贺”时，常构成句型congratulate
5、sb. on (doing) sth.The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.向创作出这样一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。congratulation n. 庆贺。口语中常用Congratulations！以表示对他人的庆贺。The three sisters decided to hold a family party to _ their parents silver wedding.A. celebrate B. memorizeC. congra
6、tulate D. welcome A表示对“生日/节日”等的庆贺用celebrate。 【3】 participate vi. 参与；参加某活动，相当于 take part in 或 join in。participate in competitions/ discussions/ activities, etc.参加竞赛/讨论/活动等She is active in participating in social activities.她在社交方面很活跃。participation n. 参加，参与participant n. 参加者一共有多少支足球队参加了2010年的世界杯？_她没有参与
7、讨论。_How many football teams have participated in the 2010 World Cup?She didnt participate in the discussion.【4】adjust vt.调整，调节，顺应You can adjust the desk to the height of any child.这张桌子可以配合小孩的身高进行调整。adjust oneself to 使某人自己适应于adjust to 适应，调节Adjust your language to the age of your audience.要根据听众的年龄使用相应
8、的语言。adjustment n. 调整，适应Ive made a few adjustments to the design.我已对设计作了几处调整。He soon _ himself to the way of life and has lived happily ever since.A. arranged B. adjustedC. admitted D. avoidedB句意：他很快地适应了那种生活方式，从此快乐地生活在那里了。 【5】 contact n. & v. 接触，交往，联系；与联系I dont have much contact with my uncle.我和叔叔联系甚
9、少。How can I contact you while I am in New York?我在纽约怎么和你联络？in contact with 与接触out of/lose contact 联系不上eye contact 眼神的交流contact sb. at(拨打电话或给某个地址发邮件等)与取得联系Thanks to the cellphones, we can now _ with each other wherever we are.A. be in contactB. be out of contactC. lose contactD. in contactA根据句子的意思可知是“
10、我们能相互之间联系得上/保持联系”。 【6】 habit n. 习惯，习性Its not easy to get rid of a bad habit.要抛弃一个坏的习惯还是相当的不容易的。be in the habit of doing sth. 有做的习惯by habit (out of habit) 出于习惯break the habit of doing 改掉的习惯fall/get into the habit of doing sth. 养成做的习惯make a habit of doing 经常做Its all right to borrow money occasionally,
11、 but dont _.偶尔借点钱倒没关系，但不要养成习惯。Im not _ letting strangers into my apartment.我不习惯让陌生人进我家。Im trying to _ staying up too late.我正试图改掉熬夜的习惯。let it become a habitin the habit ofbreak the habit of【7】 request n. 请求，要求的事物 v请求，要求They made a request for further aid.他们要求再给一些帮助。She requested permission to film at
12、 the White House.她申请允许在白宫拍摄。by request 依照，要求in request 需要的on request 应要求at ones request 应某人的要求He was there _.他按照经理的请求到了那里。The writers name was withheld _.按照作者的要求，姓名不予公布。Catalogues are available _.目录可以索取。at the request of his manager/at his managers requestby requeston request【8】 wrap vt. 包，裹He spent
13、 the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.他花了一晚上的时间把圣诞礼物都包了起来。be wrapped up in sb./sth. 专心致志于；全神贯注于wrap sth. up 圆满成功，顺利结束 That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。 I _ in a blanket.I _ the baby. 我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。wrapped the baby upwrapped a blanket around 【1】the same(in the same way;
14、similarly)一样地The paintings may look the same, but ones a forgery.这些画也许看起来一样，但其中有一幅是假的。(1)(the) same adj. & adv. 相同的(地)，一样的(地)；通常和as连用。He has the same experiences as I.他和我有着同样的经历。He gave me five dollars, same as usual.和平时一样，他给了我5美元。(2)当定语从句的先行词被the same修饰后，若前后指的是同一物，则用the samethat的句型；若只是类比，并不指同一物，则用t
15、he sameas的句型。I am using the same dictionary (that) I used yesterday. (同一物)I have the same dictionary as you bought yesterday. (不指同一物，有两本字典)I couldnt find the same house _ he referred to, for everyone looked just the same.A. as B. likeC. that D. whichC本空白处引导的是一个定语从句，先行词house受到了the same的修饰，且指同一物，用that
16、引导。【2】 when it comes to 涉及，谈到When it comes to repairing the computer, I know nothing.当谈到计算机修理时，我一无所知。come to 停下来；(指想法、主意)被某人想出；达到(某状况，尤指坏的局面)；(指钱、财产等)作为遗产送给或留给某人Mother waved to us to come to.妈妈挥手让我们停下来。It suddenly came to me that he used to be a thief.我突然想起来他曾经是个小偷。Things have to come to such a stat
17、e that I have never imagined.事情到了我从来没有想象到的地步。The company came to him when his uncle died.叔父死后，这个公司就是他的了。After two days of unconsciousness in the hospital, he came to himself at last.在医院里失去知觉两天后，他终于苏醒过来。Although he knows little about the large number of experiments done in the field, _ working experi
18、ence, nobody equals him here.A. when it arrives atB. when getting toC. when it comes toD. but when it comes to今年我的收入达到了10万美元。_C前面有although，空白处不需要用but，表示“当谈及时”，用when it comes to。My income this year came to $100,000.【3】 be to do with 和有关( haveto do with have a connection with)My topic is to do with ho
19、w to prevent A/H1N1 flu.我的话题与怎样预防甲型H1N1有关。His failure is to do with his poor health.他的失败与他身体不好有关。(1) be to do指按计划/常理等“将要”、“势必会”。You are to succeed, I am sure.我敢肯定，你一定会成功的。You are to return the books to the library by Friday.你得在星期五之前把书归还到图书馆。(2) be to have done本计划(但事实上未能实现)I was to have flown to Pari
20、s last week, but something happened and I had to stay.我本计划上星期飞往巴黎，但有事发生，我只得留下来。His job _ nothing to do with what he studied in the university.A. has B. isC. has to D. is toAhave nothing to do with/have no connection with与没有关系。 【4】 give out 释放；散发；分发He has refused to give out any information on the ma
21、tter.他已拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息。The rotten eggs give out a bad smell.那些腐坏的蛋发出一股臭味。give sth. back 将某事物归还原主；恢复，回复give away 赠送；分发(奖品等)；让与；泄露，暴露give up 放弃；投案；投降give over 交托；移交；交出give (sth.) off 发出，放出(烟，气味，光线等)give in 屈服，让步，投降；呈交This fire doesnt seem to be giving _ much heat.The authorities showed no signs of givin
22、g _ to the kidnappers demands.The doctors had given her _ but she made a remarkable recovery.The news of the Presidents death was given _ in a radio broadcast.The expression on her face gave her _.offinupoutaway【5】 belong to 属于；归所有。表示事物存在的状态，to是介词，其后接代词或名词类词组及从句等，表示所归属的对象。belong和to不能分开来用，并且没有被动语态和进行
23、时态。I dont know whom the toy car belongs to.我不知道这玩具汽车是谁的。He was only a year older than me but seemed to belong to a different generation.他只比我大一岁但似乎是不同代的人 belong with 表示“和在一起”；belong in表示“适合待在(某处)”。A child belongs with its mother.孩子应该和母亲在一起。You dont belong in the beginners class.你不适合在初级班。My mother kee
24、ps telling me that the future _ to the hardworking people.A. belongs B. is belongedC. is belonging D. will be belonged Abelong to没有被动语态和进行时态。【6】 hunt for 寻找，搜寻Weve been hunting for the lost boy all over.我们一直在找那个失踪的男孩。look for 寻找search for 寻找in search of 寻找in ones search for 寻找She is still _ a new jo
25、b.她还在找新工作。Detectives _ thieves who broke into a warehouse yesterday. 侦探正在追踪昨天盗窃仓库的窃贼。hunting forare hunting for 【1】 Well, if you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about! 嗯，如果你早10分钟进入聊天室的话，就知道我们在谈论什么了！这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词用would现在完
26、成时。虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气需要通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。当我们要表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)have过去分词”。If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam.如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.如果下雪的话，我就可以在公园里滑雪了。_ she couldn
27、t understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; whatC. What; because D. Why; thatA前一空表示“她不理解的(东西)”用what引导主语从句；第二空是由why引导的表语从句，含有“为什么会产生这种现象”之意。【2】 Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end, the English saying Laughter is the best medicine ma
28、y be true after all.无论什么原因，最后研究显示，英国谚语“笑是最好的良药”也许是真的。这是一个复合句，其中含有一个whatever 引导的让步状语从句，reason 后面省略了is，另外that引导一个宾语从句。whatever主要有下列句型：(1)whatever表示“无论什么”、“凡是的”、“不管什么”，作代词用时，通常引导主语从句、宾语从句或引导的从句作宾语补足语。Whatever we see must be noted down.我们必须把看到的一切都记下来。(主语从句)You may do whatever you like.你爱干什么就干什么。(宾语从句)We
29、ll make her whatever she is fit for.她适合干什么，我们就培养她干什么。(宾语补足语)(2)whatever表示“无论什么”、“不管什么”时，还可作形容词用，用于名词前。You may read whatever book your teacher recommended.你可以读你老师推荐的任何一本书。(3)whatever表示“无论什么”、“不管什么”时，还可引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。Whatever you do, do it well.无论干什么，都要把它干好。(1)非真实条件句主从句的谓语动词形式如下：类型非真实条件从句主
30、句与现在事实相反的虚拟语气主语动词过去式(bewere)主语should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主语had过去分词主语should/would/could/might have动词过去分词与将来事实相反的虚拟语气主语动词过去式/should动词原形/were to动词原形主语would/should/could/might动词原形(2)错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气即当非真实条件句中表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If we hadnt been working hard in the pas
31、t few years(过去), things wouldnt be so smoothly now(现在)要是我没有过去几年的勤奋工作，那事情就不会有现在这样平稳顺利了。If you had worked hard yesterday(过去), you would be tired now(现在)如果你昨天工作很辛苦的话，那你现在就会很疲劳的。【重点提示】如果非真实条件虚拟句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，将were/had/should提至主语之前，亦为倒装句；否定形式的not不可提到主语前。Were I (If I were) twenty now, I woul
32、d join the army.如果我现在20岁，我就参军了。Had you not told me the matter, I should never have known the whole thing.如果你不告诉我那件事，那我是决不会知道整个事件的。如何增加亮点()要想把一篇文章写好、写完美，并列句、复合句的使用固然给文章润色不少，但是高效词汇和复杂句型的使用更能给文章增加亮点。具体说来，可以尝试以下方法： 1. 交叉使用长句与短句根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短句，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。 例中午我们在太阳下吃野餐。休息一会
33、儿后，我们唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，还有的讲故事、下棋，大家玩得很开心。一般句At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.优秀句At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and da
34、ncing, telling stories and playing chess. 2. 避免同一词语的重复使用为了使文章更生动、更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。例我喜欢读书，而我的弟弟喜欢看电视。一般句I like reading while my brother likes watching television.优秀句I like reading w
35、hile my brother enjoys watching television.3. 适当使用短语代替单词例他已决定长大了当老师。一般句He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.优秀句He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up. 4. 恰当套用某些固定表达例他太累了，不能再往前走了。一般句He was very tired. He couldnt walk any farther.优秀句He was too tired to walk any farther. 5.
36、 灵活改变句子开头在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语谓语宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒装语序或以状语开头等，就会增强文章的表现力。 例只有这样你才能把它做好。一般句You can do it well only in this way.优秀句Only in this way can you do it well. 6. 合理使用省略句合理地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。例他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗？一般句He may be busy. If hes busy, Ill call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?优秀句He may be busy. If so, Ill call later. If not, can I see him now?