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1、Teacher: bai yanE-mail:,Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers,1,学习课件,Chapter 1 Objectives,Recognize the importance of computer literacy,Define the term computer and identify its components,Explain why a computer is a powerful tool,Recognize the purpose of a network,Discuss the uses of the Internet an
2、d the World Wide Web,Distinguish between installing and running a program,Identify the types of software,Describe the categories of computers,Determine how the elements of an information system interact,Identify the types of computer users,Discuss various computer applications in society,2,学习课件,A Wo
3、rld of Computers,What is computer literacy?,p. 5 Fig. 1-1,Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses,Computers are everywhere,3,学习课件,How is a computer defined?,What Is a Computer?,p. 6,Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory,4,学习课件,What Is
4、a Computer?,What is the information processing cycle?,p. 6 Fig. 1-2,Input Process Output Storage Communication,5,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is an input device?,p. 7 Fig. 1-3,Hardware used to enter data and instructions,6,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is an output device?,p. 8 Fi
5、g. 1-3,Hardware that conveys information to a user,7,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is the system unit?,p. 8 Fig. 1-3,Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data,8,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What are two main components on the motherboard?,p. 8,Central Processi
6、ng Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do,Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions,9,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is storage?,p. 8,Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored,Stor
7、age device Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium,Holds data, instructions, and information for future use,10,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is storage media?,p. 8,Digitalcameras,Handheldcomputers,Portable, thin memory cards used in:,11,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,Wha
8、t is a floppy disk?,p. 8 Fig. 1-4,Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell,A USB flash drive is portable, and has much greater storage capacity,12,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is a flash drive?,p. 9 Fig. 1-5,Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or
9、Zip disk,Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket,13,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is a flash drive?,14,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is a hard disk?,p. 9 Fig. 1-6,Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive,Housed
10、 inside the system unit,15,学习课件,The Components of a Computer,What is a compact disc?,p. 9 Fig. 1-7,Flat, round, portable metal disc,CD-ROM CD-RW DVD-ROM DVD+RW,16,学习课件,Why Is a Computer So Powerful?,p. 10,What makes a computer powerful?,17,学习课件,Networks and the Internet,What is a network?,p. 10,Comm
11、unications Media,Communications Device,Collection of computers and devices connected together,18,学习课件,To share,Networks and the Internet,What are the reasons to network?,p. 10,Resources,Hardware devices,Software programs,Data,To save time and money,Information,19,学习课件,Networks and the Internet,What
12、is a server?,p. 10 Fig. 1-8,Manages the resources on a network,A client accesses the resources on the server,20,学习课件,Networks and the Internet,What is the Internet?,p. 11 Fig. 1-9,Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers,21,学习课件,Networks and the Internet,p. 12 Fig. 1-10,W
13、hy do users access the Internet?,Information,Shopping,Banking and Investing,Classes,Entertainment,Communications,22,学习课件,Networks and the Internet,What is the Web?,p. 13,A Web site is a collection of related Web pages,A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages,You
14、 can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community,Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet,23,学习课件,Computer Software,How do you install a software program?,p. 14 Fig. 1-13,A program is a series of instructions that tells
15、 the computer what to do,24,学习课件,Computer Software,What is system software?,p. 15,Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software,Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks u
16、sually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs,Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices,25,学习课件,Computer Software,What is application software?,p. 16 Fig. 1-15,Presentation Graphics,Spreadsheet,Database,Word Processing,Programs that perform specific ta
17、sks for users,26,学习课件,Computer Software,What is a programmer?,p. 17 Fig. 1-16,Someone who developsapplication or system software,Programmer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformation,Javascript program,Resulting Internet application,27,学习课件,Categories of Computers,p. 18,What
18、 are the categories of computers?,28,学习课件,Computer Software,What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?,p. 14 Fig. 1-14,Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information,29,学习课件,Personal Computers,What are the two most
19、 popular series of personal computers?,p. 19 Figs. 1-181-19,PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system,Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS),30,学习课件,Personal Computers,What is a desktop computer?,p. 19 Fig. 1-18,Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk
20、 or table,31,学习课件,Personal Computers,What is a notebook computer?,p. 20 Fig. 1-20,Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop computer Generally more expensive than a desktop computer,32,学习课件,Handheld Computers,What is a tablet PC?,p. 20 Fig. 1-21,Especially useful for taking note
21、s,Resembles a letter-sized slate,Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen,33,学习课件,Handheld Computers,What are Web-enabled handheld computers?,p. 21 Fig. 1-23,Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet,Web-enabled telephone is a “smart phone”,34,学习课件,Handheld Computers,What is a h
22、andheld computer?,p. 21,35,学习课件,Handheld Computers,What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?,p. 21 Fig. 1-23,Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad,36,学习课件,Servers,What types of servers are there?,p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-251-27,Midrange server
23、Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers,Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers,Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations,37,学习课件,Elements
24、 of an Information System,What are information system elements?,p. 24 Fig. 1-28,People Procedures Data Software Hardware,38,学习课件,Examples of Computer Usage,p. 25 Fig. 1-29,What are five categories of computer users?,39,学习课件,Examples of Computer Usage,What software is available for a home user?,p. 26
25、 Fig. 1-30,40,学习课件,Examples of Computer Usage,p. 28 Fig. 1-33,Local area network (LAN) Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail,What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?,41,学习课件,Hardware,Examples of Computer Usage,What is available for a mobile user?,p.
26、29 Fig. 1-35,Software Productivity Presentation Personal information manager,42,学习课件,Examples of Computer Usage,What are the needs of the large business user?,p. 30 Figs. 1-371-40,Web access,Public kiosk,Telecommuting,Network Productivity software Scheduling,43,学习课件,Examples of Computer Usage,What a
27、re the needs of a power user?,p. 32 Fig. 1-41,Speed and large amounts of storage Types of power users,Engineers Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists,44,学习课件,Computer Applications in Society,What are some examples of computer applications in society?,p. 33 Figs. 1-421-49,Education,Finance,Go
28、vernment,Healthcare,Science,Publishing,Travel,Industry,45,学习课件,Summary of Introduction to Computers,The importance of computer literacy,The computer and its components,Why is a computer so powerful?,What is a network?,The Internet and the World Wide Web,Installing and running a program,Types of software,Categories of computers,Elements of an information system,Types of computer users,Computer applications in society,Chapter 1 Complete,46,学习课件,