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1、学习好资料欢迎下载第四章动词时态现代英语语法将传统语法所说的 “时态 ”分成了两部分：“时”是指谓语动词发生或存在于不同时间的变化形式，于什么状态的变化形式。“时”和“体”。而 “体”则指动作进行或处英语中动词时态共 16 种，最常用的有 8 种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。时时态现在过去将来过去将来体一般do一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行be doing现在进行时过去进行时完成have done现在完成时过去完成时完成进行一、一般体（一）一般现在时动词形式：be： am/is/aredo/does否定be： b
2、e + not ；实意动词：借don t/doesn疑问be：提至句首实t意动词：借do/does至句首I am a teacher.He is a teacher.They are teachers.I work in Beijing.She works in Beijing.They work in Beijing.1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：always usually often sometimes seldom never once a week， twice a month （用 how often 提问） every day(week, mo
3、nth, year)every other day(week, month, year)每隔一天every two days(weeks, months, years) 每隔两天on(at) weekendson SundaysI often go to school by bike.2. 客观事实，普遍真理。此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。学习好资料欢迎下载Shanghai lies in the east of China.The sun rises in the east.The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.3
4、. 说明主语的性质、特征，能力职业及状态等。She knows several languages.The soup tastes good.4. 格言和警句中。5. 一般现在时表将来用在时间、条件状语从句中，表将来。（主将从现）We ll let you know as soon as you arrive.If it doesn，t rainwe ll go on a picnic as planned.6. 表示按时间表拟定的、安排好的活动。The train leaves Nanking at six and arrives in Beijing at eight.The final
5、exam takes place next month.The first class begins at 8 o clock.【注意】常用于这种情况的动词有：come， go ， leave， return ， take place ，begin， start等，句中常有表示将来的时间状语。（二）一般过去时动词形式：be： was/weredid否定be： be + not ；疑问be：提至句首实意动词：借didn t实意动词：借did至句首I was a teacher.He was a teacher.They were teachers.I worked. He workedThey
6、worked.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。I received a strange phone call yesterday.时间状语：ago / a moment ago /a few days ago /long long ago last night(week, month, year)yesterday / the day before yesterdayjust nowin 1990this morningthe other day 不久前的某一天in the old days 在过去的岁月里【注意】（ 1）过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用 used t
7、o 或 would 加动词原形来表达，意为：过去常常做某事或过去曾经存在过的状态。学习好资料欢迎下载I used to go fishing on Sundays.This river used to be clean.（ 2）常用一般过去时固定句式中It is time that sb did sth是某人该干的时候了would rather （ that ） sb did sth 宁愿某人去做某事if only sb did sth要是某人做某事就好了It s time that we studied harder.-Your father is in your office-I d ra
8、ther he came tomorrow.If only I were a bird.（三）一般将来时动词形式：will/shall（用于第一人称）+V-原形助动词否定疑问助动词will/shall + not助动词will/shall提至句首I shall work.She will work.They will work.【注意】（ 1） will 可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势Fish will die without water.（ 2）will ，shall 表示未事先思考或未计划过的意图。愿和观点。will可表示说话人的主观意时间状语：I will answer the ph
9、one.I hope it will be warm tomorrow.tomorrowthe day after tomorrowtomorrow morning(afternoon, evening)next week(month, year)in+ 段时间(in two days 两天后 )（用how soon多久之后)提问in the future未来this afternoon (evening, Sunday)from now onone day, someday从现在开始（未来的）某天soon只要是关于以后的都可以【注意】：this morning 过去式表示将来的五种常用非时态
10、方式（ 1） be going to+ V- 原形多用在口语中，表示计划、打算或根据目前迹象推测很可能发生的事。We are going to have a meeting today.今天我们开会。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.要下雨了。（ 2） be about to do/be on the point of doing表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟具体时间状语。学习好资料欢迎下载We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。（ 3） 现在进行时表将来（见现在进行时用法）（ 4）一般现在时表将来
11、（见一般现在时用法）（ 5） be to + V- 原形表示按约定或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事情。The Queen is to visit Japan in a week. She is to be married next month.You are to report it to the police.（四）过去将来时动词形式：would/should（用于第一人称）+V- 原形助动词否定疑问助动词would/should + not助动词would/should提至句首I should work.She would work.They would work.过去将来时表示从过去某一
12、时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。He said that he would wait for me at the gate.【注意】过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样，去式。二、进行体（一）现在进行时动词形式：am/is/are + doing只是有关动词要改为过否定be： be + not ；疑问be：提至句首I am working.She is working.They are working.1.说话时正在发生的动作。时间状语：now， at this moment ，句子之前有look ！， listen ！也用现在进行时。They are having a football
13、 match . 他们正在赛足球。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你听电话。2. 现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时未必在进行。时间状语： this week/month/year ， these days， at present Peter is working on a new book about stories in school.3. 与 always， often ， constantly ， all the time 等连用表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。He is always thinking of others.
14、（赞扬）Why are you always coming late for school.（批评）4. 现在进行时表将来有些动词（ come， go， arrive ， leave， stay 等）用现在进行时表示将要发生的计划或安排好的事情。We are leaving for Beijing next week.【注意】有些动词不用进行时态学习好资料欢迎下载（ 1） 感官类： look ， smell ， feel， sound ， taste， see， hear 等 The soup tastes good.（不可说： The soup is tasting good. ）Your
15、hands feel cold. （不可说：Your hands is feeling cold. ）（ 2）情感类： like ， love ， prefer， hate， fear 等I love my dad and mum.( 不可说： I am loving my dad and mum.)（ 3）心态类： wish ， hope， want， believe ， think ， know ， need 等。I don t believe my eyes（.不可说： I am not believing my eyes. ）（ 4）表示存在状态的词： lie （位于）， belong
16、 to ， remain 等。Those books belong to Mr. Li.（不可说： Those books are belonging to Mr. Li.）（二）过去进行时动词形式：was/were + doing否定be： be + not ；疑问be：提至句首I was working.She was working.They were working.1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。时间状语： at that time ，at that moment ，then，at five yesterday ，this time yesterday I was drawing
17、 a picture this time yesterday.When he called me ， I was having dinner.I was washing the dishes while mother was cleaning the table.2. 表示在过去某一时间段内进行的动作时间状语：the whole morning ， from two to four yesterday afternoon.I was tidying my bedroom the whole morning.We were working from two to four yesterday a
18、fternoon.三、完成体（一）现在完成时动词形式：have/has done（助动词）否定疑问助动词have/has + not助动词have/has提至句首I have worked.He has worked.They have worked.1. 强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响。谓语用非延续性动词。时间状语： just，already，yet（用于否定和疑问句）， lately ，recently ，in the last/past few days ， up to now ， so far.He has just gone out.I have already finished my lunch.Have you finished the news yet?He has written 8 books so far.In the past few years ， great changes have taken place in my hometown.2. 强调直到现在为止的生活经历。时间状语：never， ever（用于否定和疑问句），（ only ） once， twice ， three times