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1、上海振华重工（集团）股份有限公司Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.超声II级基础理论试卷UT Level II General Examination姓名： 答卷时间： 地点：Name Time Location 得分： 评卷人： 时间：Marks Examiner Date1. 超声波探伤中，最常用的换能器应用的原理是： ( B ) A) 磁致伸缩原理 B) 压电原理 C) 波型转换原理 D) 以上都不是 The transducers most commonly found in ultrasonic search units (probes
2、) used for discontinuity testing utilize: A) magnetostriction principles B) piezoelectric principles C) mode conversion principles D) none of the above2. 下列哪种声波具有多种不同的波速？ ( D ) A) 纵波 B) 切变波 C) 横波 D) 兰姆波 Of the following sound wave modes, which one has multiple or varying wave velocities? A) longitud
3、inal waves B) shear waves C) transverse waves D) lamb waves3. 下列哪种情况可应用超声技术进行检测？ ( D ) A) 确定材料弹性模量 B) 研究材料冶金组织 C) 测量材料厚度 D) 以上都可以 Which of the following would be considered application(s) of ultrasonic techniques? A) determination of a materials elastic modulus B) study of a materials meallurgical s
4、tructure C) measurement of a materials thickness D) all of the above4. 可在液体中传播的唯一声波是： ( B ) A) 切变波 B) 纵波 C) 表面波 D) 瑞利波 The only significant sound wave mode that will travel through a liquid is: A) shear B) longitudinal C) surface D) rayleigh5. 材料的声阻抗用来： ( C ) A) 确定界面上的折射角 B) 确定材料的声衰减 C) 确定界面上透过和反射声能
5、的相对数量 D) 确定材料中声束扩散角 The acoustic impedance of a material is used to: A) determine the angle of refraction at an interface B) determine the attenuation within the material C) determine the relative amounts of sound energy coupled through and reflected at an interface D) determine the beam spread with
6、in the material6. 对试样进行接触法斜角探伤时，如果入射角达到第二临界角，会发生： ( C ) A) 表面波全反射 B) 切变波45折射 C) 表面波 D) 以上都不对 When angle beam contact testing a test piece, increasing the incident angle until the second critical angle is reached results in: A) total reflection of a surface wave B) 45 refraction of the shear wave C)
7、production of a surface wave D) none of the above7. 接触法探伤中，靠近入射表面的缺陷并不是总能探测出来的，其原因是： ( C ) A) 远场效应 B) 衰减 C) 盲区 D) 折射 In contact testing, defects near the entry surface cannot always be detected because of: A) the far-field effect B) attenuation C) the dead zone D) refraction8. 换能器频率与晶片厚度有关，晶片愈薄： ( B
8、 ) A) 频率愈低 B) 频率愈高 C) 频率无显著差别 D) 以上都不对 The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related, the thinner the crystal: A) the lower the frequency B) the higher the frequency C) there is no appreciable affect D) none of the above9. 靠近换能器的声压波动区域的长度主要取决于： ( D ) A) 换能器的频率 B) 换能器的直径 C) 换能器电缆的长度 D) A
9、和B The length of the Zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in sound pressure occur is mostly affected by: A) the frequency of the transducer B) the diameter of the transducer C) the length of transducer cable D) both A and B10. 换能器从埋藏深度不同的相同反射体接收的信号差别可能是由哪种原因引起的？ ( D ) A) 材料衰减 B) 声束扩散
10、C) 近场效应 D) 以上都可能 The differences in signals received from identical reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by: A) material attenuation B) beam divergence C) near field effects D) all of the above11. 探头横向移动时，比探头尺寸小的缺陷产生的信号振幅发生起伏的变化。在哪个区域探伤时可能发生这种情况？ ( B ) A) 费朗霍夫区
11、B) 近场区 C) 斯奈尔区 D) 阴影区 It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the transducer to produce indications of fluctuating amplitude as the search unit is moved laterally, if testing is being performed in the: A) Fraunhofer Zone B) Near field C) Snell field D) Shadow zone12. 液浸探伤时，采用哪种方法可消除探头近场的影响？
12、( C ) A) 提高频率 B) 使用直径较大的探头 C) 采用合适的水距 D) 使用聚焦换能器 In immersion testing, the near field affects of a transducer may be eliminated by: A) increasing transducer frequency B) use of a larger diameter transducer C) using an appropriate water path D) use of a focused transducer13. 图1中，假定探头声束是均匀的，点A和点B分层缺陷反
13、射信号振幅之间存在什么关系？( C ) A) 相差12dB B) 振幅相同 C) 二比一 D) 三比一分层缺陷 Laminar reflector In Figure 1 shown below, assuming a uniform beam pattern, what relationship would you expect to exist between the amplitudes of the reflected laminar signals at position A and B? A) 12dB difference B) Equal amplitudes C) 2 to
14、1 D) 3 to 114. 在均匀的超声波束的远场中，声束中心线上的声强度： ( B ) A) 最低 B) 最高 C) 在2角度内声强度最高 Sin=C/Df 式中C为声速，D为晶片直径，f为频率 D) 与中心线的方向无关 In the far field of uniform ultrasonic beam, sound intensity is the beam centerline A) minimum at B) maximum at C) maximum throughout twice the angle(Sin=c/ Df) where C is acoustic veloci
15、ty, D is crystal diameter, and B is frequency at D) not related to orientation of15. 在细长的棒中，如果由于声束扩散而使声束到达底面前在试件侧面发生反射，会发生什么情况？( C ) A) 一次底面反射前出现许多信号显示 B) 产生多次表面反射信号 C) 发生纵波变为切变波的波型转换 D) 前表面反射降低 Which of the following may result on a long narrow rod if the beam divergence results in a reflection fro
16、m a side of the test piece before the sound wave reaches the back surface? A) multiple indications before the first back reflection B) indications from multiples surface reflections C) conversion from the longitudinal mode to shear mode D) loss of front surface indications16. 声束在何处发生扩散？ ( B ) A) 近场
17、B) 远场 C) 晶片上 D) 以上都不是 Where does beam divergence occur? A) near field B) far field C) at the crystal D) none of the above17. 在直径一定的情况下，当晶片频率提高时，声束扩散角将： ( A ) A) 减小 B) 不变 C) 增大 D) 通过每个波长变化 As frequency increase in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal A) decreas
18、es B) remains unchanged C) increases D) varies uniformly through each wavelength 18. 频率超出人耳听觉范围的声波叫做超声波或超声振动，其频率大约高于： ( A ) A) 20000Hz B) 2MHz C) 2KHz D) 200KHz Sound waves of a frequency beyond the hearing range of the human ear are referred to as ultrasonic waves vibrations, and the term embraces
19、all vibration waves of frequency greater than approximately: A) 20000Hz B) 2MHz C) 2KHz D) 200KHz19. 声波速度主要取决于： ( C ) A) 脉冲长度 B) 频率 C) 传声材料和振动方式 D) 以上都不是 The velocity of sound waves primarily depend on: A) the pulse length B) the frequency C) the material in which the sound is being transmitted and
20、mode of vibration D) none of the above20. 如果一个接触法斜探头在钢中产生45切变波，该探头在铝中产生的切变波角度为（已知Vs钢=0.323cm/微秒） ( A ) A) 小于45 B) 大于45 C) 45 D) 还需要其它数据才能确定 If a contact angle beam transducer produces a 45shear wave in steel, the angle produced by the same transducer in an aluminum specimen would be: A) less than 45
21、 B) greater than 45 C) 45 D) more information required21. 位于何处的缺陷对瑞利波影响最大？ ( C ) A) 表面下一个波长处 B) 表面下6个波长处 C) 接近表面或表面上 D) 表面下8个波长处 Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects located: A) one wavelength below the surface B) six wavelengths below the surface C) close to or on the surface D) eight wave
22、lengths below the surface22. 水中声速与铝或钢中的声速之比约为： ( A ) A) 1:4 B) 1:2 C) 1:8 D) 1:3 The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for aluminum or steel is approximately: A) 1:4 B) 1:2 C) 1:8 D) 1:323. 下列哪种扫描方法可归类为液浸试验法？ ( D ) A) 探头和工件均浸于槽中 B) 声波通过喷射的水柱发射到工件中 C) 将换能器置于充水轮胎内的轮式探头扫描方法 D) 以上
23、都是 Which of the following scanning methods could be classified as an immersion type test? A) the search unit and text piece are immersed in the tank B) squirter bubbler method in which the sound is transmitted in a column of flowing water C) scanning with a wheel -type search unit with the transduce
24、r inside a liquid filled tire D) all of the above24. 探头中压电材料的作用是： ( C ) A) 将电能转换为机械能 B) 将机械能转换为电能 C) A和B D) 既不是A,也不是B The piezoelectric material in the search unit: A) converts electrical energy to mechanical energy B) converts mechanical energy to electrical energy C) both A and B D) neither A nor
25、B25. 计算金属中纵波和切变波折射角应使用什么定律？ ( B ) A) 泊松比定律 B) 斯奈尔定律 C) 费朗霍夫定律 D) 查尔斯定律 What law can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a metal for both longitudinal and shear waves? A) Poissons Ratio Law B) Snells Law C) Fraunhofers Law D) Charles Law26. 在两种不同材料的界面上，声阻抗差会引起： ( C ) A) 入射能量在界面上全部反射 B
26、) 声波被吸收 C) 声能分为透过波和反射波两部分 D) 以上都不对 At an interface between two different materials, an impedance difference results in: A) reflection of the entire incident energy at the interface B) absorption of sound C) division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes D) none of the above27. 换能器直径减小
27、时，声束扩散角： ( C ) A) 减小 B) 不变 C) 增大 D) 变为圆锥形的 As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spread: A) decreases B) remains the same C) increases D) becomes conical in shape28. 发生90折射纵波的声束入射角叫做： ( B ) A) 入射角 B) 第一临界角 C) 最大反射角 D) 第二临界角 The angle at which 90refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached
28、 is called: A) the angle of incidence B) the first critical angle C) the angle of maximum reflection D) the second critical angle29. 金属零件中的粗大晶粒通常会引起： ( D ) A) 底面反射降低或消失 B) 较高的“杂波”或噪声显示 C) 穿透力降低 D) 以上都是 Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually result in: A) decrease or loss of back surface re
29、flection B) large hash or noise indications C) decrease in penetration D) all of the above30. 在整个材料中发生的能量的总损耗称为： ( A ) A) 衰减 B) 散射 C) 声束扩散 D) 界面 The total energy losses occurring in all materials is called: A) attenuation B) scatter C) beam spread D) interface31. 当入射角选在第一临界角和第二临界角之间时，在零件中发生的超声波是： (
30、B ) A) 纵波 B) 横波 C) 表面波 D) 兰姆波 When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the part will be: A) longitudinal B) shear C) surface D) lamb32. 使横波折射角等于90的声波入射角叫做： ( B ) A) 第一临界角 B) 第二临界角 C) 第三临界角 D) 反射角 The angle at which 90
31、refraction of the shear wave mode occurs is called the: A) first critical angle B) second critical angle C) third critical angle D) angle of reflection33. 钢件水浸探伤时，超声波入射角为14，钢件中的横波折射角为多大？ ( C )（已知Vs=3.2105cm/秒，Vw=1.5105cm/秒） A) 45 B) 23 C) 31 D) 13 In a water immersion test, ultrasonic energy is tran
32、smitted into steel at an incident angle of 14. What is the angle of the refracted shear wave within the material? A) 45 B) 23 C) 31 D) 1334. 为了在铝件中产生瑞利波，设计塑料楔块时，超声入射角应为多大？（已知：VA=3.1 105cm/秒，V=2.6105cm/秒，可使用三角函数表） ( B ) A) 37 B) 57 C) 75 D) 45 If you were requested to design a plastic shoe to generat
33、e a Rayleigh wave in aluminum, what would be the incident angle of the ultrasonic sound? Va=3.1105/sec VP=2.6105/sec A) 37 B) 57 C) 75 D) 4535. 计算1MHZ超声波在铅中的波长（已知VL=2.1105cm/秒，V=f） ( A ) A) 0.21cm B) 21cm C) 0.48cm D) 4.810-5cm Compute the wavelength of ultrasonic energy in lead at 1 MHz (VL=2.1105c
34、m/sec，V=f) A) 0.21cm B) 21cm C) 0.48cm D) 4.810-5cm36. 超声波从一种介质进入速度不同的另一种介质后， 声束与过入射点而垂直于两种介质界面的垂线之间所成的角叫做： ( B ) A) 入射角 B) 折射角 C) 膨胀角 D) 反射角 The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters a medium of different velocity than the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the inter
35、face between the two media is called: A) the angle of incidence B) the angle of refraction C) the angle of rarefaction D) the angle of reflection37. 同种波型的声波，反射角： ( A ) A) 等于入射角 B) 取决于使用的耦合剂 C) 取决于使用的频率 D) 等于折射角 The angle of reflection is: A) equal to the angle of incidence B) dependent on the coupla
36、nt used C) dependent on the frequency used D) equal to the angle of refraction38. 持续时间很短的冲击电能叫做： ( D ) A) 连续波 B) 直流峰值电压 C) 超声波 D) 脉冲 A short burst of alternation electrical energy is called: A) a continuous wave B) a peaked DC voltage C) an ultrasonic wave D) a pulse39. 超声试验中，发射脉冲的持续时间叫做： ( A ) A) 脉
37、冲长度或脉冲宽度 B) 脉冲振幅 C) 脉冲形状 D) 以上都不是 In ultrasonic testing ,the time duration of the transmitted is referred to as: A) the pulse length or pulse width B) the pulse amplitude C) the pulse shape D) none of the above40. 声波碰到界面时在原介质中改变传播方向的现象叫做： ( D ) A) 发散 B) 阻抗 C) 角度调整 D) 反射 The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a boundary and changes the direction of its propagation within the same medium is referred to as: A) divergence B) impedance C) angulation D) ref