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1、摘 要在本设计中采用装在动力滑台上左，右两个动力头同时进行切削。动力头的快进、工进及快退由液压缸驱动。液压系统采用两位四通电磁阀控制，并用调整死挡铁的方法实现位置控制。主要介绍了通过PLC控制系统，设计了千斤顶液压缸加工机床电气控制，并设计了千斤顶液压缸加工机床电气控制梯形图，千斤顶液压缸加工机床控制硬件配置连线图，基于PLC的机床电气控制系统的控制电路图。关键字： 液压缸；PLC控制系统；梯形图；主电路图；硬件配置连线图 目 录 第1章 设计思路 1.1 设计要求.1 1.2 控制要求.2 1.3 设计分析.3 第2章 电路设计 2.1 主电路图.4 2.2 硬件配置连接图.6 第3章 程序
2、设计 3.1 程序梯形图.7 3.2 程序指令表.14结论.21设计总结.22谢辞.23参考文献. 24第1章 设计思路1.1 设计要求本机床用于千斤顶液压缸两个端面的加工，采用装在动力滑台上的左、右两个动力头同时进行切削。动力头的快进、工进及快退由液压缸驱动。液压系统采用两位四通电磁阀控制，并用调整死挡铁的方法实现位置控制。机床的工作程序是：(1) 工件定位 人工将零件装入夹具后，定位液压缸动作，工件定位。(2) 工件夹紧 零件定位后，延时15s，夹紧液压缸动作使零件固定在夹具内，同时定位液压缸退出以保证滑台入位。(3) 滑台入位 滑台带动动力头一起快速进入加工位置。(4) 加工零件 左右动
3、力头进行两端面切削加工，动力头到达加工终点位置即停止工进，延时30s后停转，快速退回原位。(5) 滑台复位 左右动力头退回原位后，滑台复位。(6) 夹具松开 当滑台复位后夹具松开，取出零件。以上各种动作由电磁阀控制，电磁阀动作要求见表1。表1 电磁阀动作要求MB1MB2MB3MB4MB5定位夹紧入位工进退位复位放松注：“+”号表示电磁阀得电。1.2 控制要求(1) 左右动力头旋转切削由电动机M1集中传动，切削时冷却泵电动机同时运转。(2) 只有在液压泵电动机M3工作，油压达到一定压力（压力继电器检测）后，才能进行其他的控制。(3) 机床即能半自动循环工作，又能对各个动作单独进行调整。(4) 要
4、求有必要的电气连锁与保护，还有显示与安全照明。(5) 控制信号说明如表2所示。表2 控制信号说明输 入输 出文字符号说 明文字符号说 明SF1-1机床半自动循环控制转换开关QA1动力头M1、冷却泵M2接触器SF2-1手动定位控制转换开关QA2液压泵M3接触器SF3-1手动入位控制转换开关MB11#电磁阀SF3-2手动工进控制转换开关MB22#电磁阀SF3-3手动退位控制转换开关MB33#电磁阀SF1动力头M1、冷却泵M2起动按钮MB44#电磁阀SF2动力头M1、冷却泵M2停止按钮MB55#电磁阀SF3液压泵M3起动按钮PG指示灯1动力头M1、冷却泵M2运行指示SF4液压泵M3停止按钮PG指示灯
5、2液压泵M3运行指示QA1动力头M1、冷却泵M2运行信号PG指示灯3半自动循环工作指示QA2液压泵M3运行信号PG指示灯4定位指示BB1动力头M1、冷却泵M2过载信号PG指示灯5入位指示KP压力继电器油压检测信号PG指示灯6工进指示BG动力头工进终点位置检测信号PG指示灯7退位指示PG指示灯8故障指示1.3 设计分析1.1.1 I/O点数确定及PLC机型选择由上述控制要求可知系统可采用自动工作方式，也可以采用手动工作方式.输入有18点，输出有16点，并考虑裕量要求，因此系统采用24输入，16输出的PLC.由此系统属于小型控制系统，其中PLC的选型范围较宽，现选用西门子公司的S7-200，CPU
6、226型PLC。1.1.2 I/O分配表千斤顶液压缸加工机床电气控制系统PLC输入接口功能表文字符号说明输入口KP压力继电器油压检测信号I0.0SF1动力头M1、冷却泵M2起动按钮I0.1SF2动力头M1、冷却泵M2停止按钮I0.2SF3液压泵M3起动按钮I0.3SF4液压泵M3停止按钮I0.4SF1-1机床半自动循环控制转换开关I0.5SF2-1手动定位控制转换开关I0.6SF3-1手动入位控制转换开关I0.7SF3-2手动工进控制转换开关I1.0SF3-3手动退位控制转换开关I1.1QA1动力头M1、冷却泵M1故障信号I1.2QA2液压泵M3故障信号I1.3BB1动力头M1、冷却泵M2过载
7、信号I1.4BG动力头工进终点位置检测信号I1.5BG1定位终点位置检测信号I1.6BG2入位终点位置检测信号I1.7BG3液压夹紧检测信号I2.0BG4退位终点检测信号I2.1 千斤顶液压缸加工机床电气控制系统PLC输出接口功能表文字符号说 明输出口MB11#电磁阀Q0.0MB22#电磁阀Q0.1MB33#电磁阀Q0.2MB44#电磁阀Q0.3MB55#电磁阀Q0.4KM1动力头M1、冷却泵M1接触器Q0.5KM2液压泵M3接触器Q0.6PG指示灯1动力头M1、冷却泵M2运行指示Q0.7PG指示灯2液压泵M3运行指示Q1.0PG指示灯3半自动循环工作指示Q1.1PG指示灯4定位指示Q1.2P
8、G指示灯5入位指示Q1.3PG指示灯6工进指示Q1.4PG指示灯7退位指示Q1.5PG指示灯8故障指示Q1.6第2章 电路设计2.1 主电路图图2-12.2 硬件配置接线图图2-2第3章 程序设计3.1程序梯形图3.2 程序指令表ORGANIZATION_BLOCK 主程序:OB1TITLE=程序注释BEGINNetwork 1 / 网络标题/ M3启动LD I0.3O M0.0AN I0.4AN I1.3AN I1.4= M0.0Network 2 LD M0.0= Q0.6= Q1.0Network 3 / 动力头动作LD I0.1O M0.1AN I0.2AN I1.2AN I1.4=
9、M0.1Network 4 LD M0.1LPSAN M5.5= Q0.5LPP= Q0.7Network 5 / 半自动手动转换LD M0.0A I0.0LPSA I0.5= M1.0LPPAN I0.5= M2.0= Q1.1Network 6 / 手动定位LD M1.0A I0.6LPSAN M5.0= M3.0LRDA I1.6= M1.1LPP= Q1.2Network 7 / 自动定位LD M2.0LPSAN M5.1= M3.1LRDA I1.6= M2.1LPP= Q1.2Network 8 LD M1.1O M2.1AN T37TON T37, +150Network 9 L
10、D T37O M1.2= M1.2Network 10 LD T37O M2.2= M2.2Network 11 / 手动夹紧LD M1.2LPSAN M5.7= M3.2LRDA I2.0= M1.3LPP= M5.0Network 12 / 自动夹紧LD M2.2LPSAN M6.1= M3.3LRDA I2.0= M2.3LPP= M5.1Network 13 / 手动入位LD M1.3A I0.7LPSAN M5.4= M3.4LRDAN M5.2= M3.5LRDA I1.7= M1.4LPP= Q1.3Network 14 / 自动入位LD M2.3LPSAN M5.4= M3.6
11、LRDAN M5.3= M3.7LRDA I1.7= M2.4LPP= Q1.3Network 15 / 手动工进LD M1.4A I1.0LPSAN M5.4= M3.4LRDA I1.5= M1.5LRD= M5.2LPP= Q1.4Network 16 / 自动工进LD M2.4LPSAN M5.4= M3.6LRDA I1.5= M2.5LRD= M5.3LPP= Q1.4Network 17 / 工进停止LD M1.5O M2.5= M5.4Network 18 LD M1.5O M2.5AN T38TON T38, +300Network 19 LD T38O M1.6= M1.6
12、Network 20 LD T38O M2.6= M2.6Network 21 / 动力头停转（手动）LD M1.6= M5.5= M1.7Network 22 / 手动退位LD M1.7A I1.1LPSAN M3.4= M4.0LRDA I2.1= M7.0LPP= Q1.5Network 23 / 夹紧缸松开LD M7.0= M5.7Network 24 / 动力头停转（自动）LD M2.6= M5.5= M2.7Network 25 / 自动退位LD M2.7LPSAN M3.4= M4.1LRDA I2.1= M7.1LPP= Q1.5Network 26 LD M7.0= M6.1
13、Network 27 / 电磁阀动作LD M3.2O M3.3= Q0.1Network 28 LD M3.4O M3.6= Q0.3Network 29 LD M3.5O M3.7= Q0.4Network 30 LD M4.0O M4.1= Q0.2Network 31 / 故障指示LD I1.2O I1.3O I1.4= Q0.6END_ORGANIZATION_BLOCKSUBROUTINE_BLOCK SBR_0:SBR0TITLE=子程序注释BEGINNetwork 1 / 网络标题/ 网络注释END_SUBROUTINE_BLOCKINTERRUPT_BLOCK INT_0:IN
14、T0TITLE=中断程序注释BEGINNetwork 1 / 网络标题/ 网络注释END_INTERRUPT_BLOCK结论本次课程设计是实现液压缸加工机床的电气控制，通过电动机带动动力头进行切削加工，由液压缸驱动快进，工进及快退。通过此次设计，了解到了液压缸的原理和工作过程，同时掌握了PLC的设计和编程方法。这不仅使对知识的掌握更加熟练，同时也学会了一种分析问题，解决问题的方法。 同时在此次设计中还发现一些不足之处：如对已经学过的知识掌握不牢固，不能很好的把知识运用到实际中去。设计总结通过此次课程设计，使我更加扎实的掌握了有关PLC应用方面的知识，在设计过程中尤其是自己动手编制程序时，遇到了
15、很多困难，但经过一次又一次的思考，一遍又一遍的检查终于找出了原因所在，也暴露出了前期我在这方面的知识欠缺和经验不足。实践出真知，通过亲自动手制作，使我掌握的知识不再是纸上谈兵，而是学以致用。同时，这次课程设计让我感受到了我对所学习的内容是多么的不熟练，在设计过程中总是需要翻书，还总是会出现问题，同时这些问题也提醒了我那些地方没学好，加深了对这部分知识的印象。课程设计不仅仅是一门专业课，使我学到很多专业知识以及提升了专业技能上，同时又是一门提升自我综合能力的课程，给了我莫大的发展空间，不仅培养了独立思考、动手操作的能力，在各种其它能力上也都有了提高；更重要的是，在课程设计中，我们学会了很多学习的
16、方法，而这些都将为日后做准备，会使我们终身都受益匪浅。面对社会的挑战，只有不断的学习、实践，再学习、再实践，才能在最大程度上发掘自己。这对于我们的将来也有很大的帮助。以后，不管有多苦，我想我们都能变苦为乐，找寻有趣的事情，发现其中珍贵的事情。谢辞首先感谢在学习上给予我们细心地帮助，帮助我们解决各种学习中的问题，不断丰富我们的知识，使我们从中获益极深。另外，还要感谢和我同组的同学，他们在实习中给予我各种不同却又很重要的帮助，通过他们的帮助，我才能顺利的完成这次课程设计。最后还要感谢学校给予我一个良好的学习环境，让我能接触到丰富的图书资料，让我在实习中能不断克服困难，并不断提升自己的水平。 参 考
17、 文 献1 史国生电气控制与可编程控制器技术 M北京：北京化工工业出版社.20042 王兆义小型可编程控制器实用技术 M北京：机械工业出版社.20023 戴一平可编程序控制器技术 M北京：机械工业出版社.20054 廖常初PLC的编程方法与工程应用 M重庆：重庆大学出版社.20015 贺哲荣 流行PLC实用程序及设计 M西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2006Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employmen
18、t tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. Employment tribunals are less formal t
19、han some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from on
20、e of the organisations listed underFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may re
21、duce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the
22、 tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agre
23、ement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including t
24、hose that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th a
25、nniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopene
26、d disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint.
27、In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief d
28、isillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，
29、这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found t
30、hat those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent
31、 to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember
32、 his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an
33、 event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last.
34、 Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更
35、多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginni
36、ng of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the di
37、sappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmos
38、phere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer
39、(called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can t
40、ry this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to e