高考英语考前辅导.doc

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1、 高考英语考前辅导一、活用基础知识，巧做单项选择（一）基础知识考查要点3 代词：考查的重点是不定代词与物主代词的用法。如：-Is your camera like Bills and Anns?-No. But its almost the same as_.A. her B. yours C. them D. their答案：B。分析：此处比较的是camera，要用物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能作定语，空格后没有名词，所以要用名词性物主代词。4 形容词和副词：考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较结构、词语辨异和系表结构。如：-Have you finished your report yet？-N

2、o, Ill finish in _ten minutes.A. another B. other C. more D. less答案：A。分析：another后可接单数名词，也可跟few或带数词的复数名词表示“再、还”之意。5 动词的时态和语态：在历年的高考中所占的比重最大。考查的重点是复合句中的动词形式, 语态常与时态一起考查。如：-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painting B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painted 答

3、案：D。分析：先确定语态为被动，再确定时态为进行时。 6 情态动词：考查的重点是情态动词的基本用法、虚拟语气的意义与结构。如：-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It _a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 答案：D。分析：此处谈论过去的情况，为对过去情况的否定性推测。 7 非谓语动词：在高考中的分数比重及题量逐步增加。考查的重点从及

4、物动词后用不定式或动名词作宾语，转向非谓语动词的句法功能、时间概念、主动还是被动。 如：Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented答案：A。分析：consider表示“思考”时，常用动名词短语作宾语。但此处consider表示“认为”，后接不定式复合结构。不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，要用完成式来表示。 8 特殊句型：考查的重点是倒装、强调、感叹、否定转移、部分否定、反意问句以及省略和替

5、代。如：Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize答案：A。分析：否定词位于句首时，主句须倒装并且不能再出现not。 9简单句、并列句和复合句：考查的重点连接词的用法。如：It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.

6、A. while B. if C. that D. for 答案：C。分析：it是形式主语，而真正的主语是空格后的整个句子。此处只有that能引导主语从句。（二）单项选择解题技巧1 利用上下语境。如：-Where shall I _?-At the next stop.A. drop you B. find you C. pick you up D. call on you 答案：A。分析：就第一句而言，四个选项都有意义。但是，答语At the next stop暗示：两个人说话时在一起。B、C、D都不能用于这一情境。2 参照类似表达。如：-Where are you going to do

7、the shopping?-At the _ store. A. shoes B. shoe C. shoes D. shoes答案：B。分析：想一下熟悉的the book store，此题就迎刃而解了。此题涉及名词作定语的用法，一般规则是：名词作定语用单数。但是，也不能形成定势：有时也用复数，例如：a clothes shop, a communications satellite, a sales department等。名词的所有格表达时间、距离和价值，例如：three days stay, a stones throw, ten dollars worth of oil等。3 避免思维

8、定势。如：The young man spent as much time as he _ over his lessons.A. went B. would go C. could to go D. could going 答案：D。分析：spend 的句型是spend + time + doing。不要受She did what she could to help him.的影响。 4 分析句子成分。如：The exciting moment we looked forward to _ at last.A. coming B. came C. come D. comes答案：B。分析：本

9、句主语是The exciting moment，we looked forward to是个定语从句，前面的关系代词which被省略了。所选部分是谓语，不是look forward to的宾语。 5 分析句子结构。如：_in the doorway, everyone in the room gave her a cheer.A. Appearing B. As she appeared C. Having appeared D. When appearing答案：B。分析：in the doorway的不是everyone，而是she，所以in the doorway之前要有she。此句运用

10、的是as引导的时间状语从句。_, she had to stay at home and looked after her.A. Her mother was ill B. As she was ill C. Her mother being ill D. Being ill答案：C。分析：生病的不是she，而是Her mother。逗号不能连接两个句子，要么用并列句Her mother was ill, so she had to stay at home and looked after her.要么用主从复合句Because her mother was ill, she had to

11、stay at home and looked after her. 此句运用独立主格结构Her mother being ill作原因状语。 6 重视标点符号。如：_, the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.A. That is well-known B. It is known that C. As is well-known D. We all know 答案：C。分析：逗号说明此句是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，不是主语从句。7 重视一词多性。如：I saw a _ good girl on TV last night.A. l

12、ovely B. handsome C. pretty D. nice答案：C。分析：四个都可以作形容词，但pretty还可作副词，表示“相当”。8 重视一词多义。如：Janes pale face suggested that she _ill, and her parents suggested that she _a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was ; have C. should be; had D. was; has答案：B。分析：suggest表示“暗示”，从句用陈述语气；表示“建议”，从句用虚拟语气（should可以省略

13、）。 （二）阅读理解的考查方式 推断词义。利用形合手段。形合指的是：同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系。例如：Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each k

14、ilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries. The underlined words in the paragraph mean _.A. renewable source B. undergro

15、und source C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth答案：C。geothermal energy是renewable energy的一种形式，属上下义关系。geothermal energy与heat from the earth是同义关系。利用语言情境。语境指的是照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等。例如：The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education , medicine, and business. Quiet

16、ly, the graying of America has made us a very different society-one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages. The underlined word one refers to _.A. a society B. America C. a place D. population答案：A。one 是society的同位语。利用构词知识。构词法主要有：词缀法转类法合词法。例如：C

17、omputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become computer-literate. But not all experts agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees, is David, the founder of computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer

18、 to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertowns UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them people-literate.David thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important differe

19、nce between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told wh

20、at to do, they find out. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People dont have to learn computer terms (术语), but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming people-literate. 分析：文中解

21、释了两个概念：computer-literate ：to bring people closer to the computer a computer club：for people who have some computer knowledge alreadypeople-literate ：to bring computers to peopleComputertowns： there are computers for them to experiment onnot to tell people about computersdont have to learn computer t

22、erms (术语)We can infer from the text that computer- literate means .A. being able to afford a computerB. being able to write computer programsC. working with the computer and finding out its valueD. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it答案：D。 抓住have some computer knowledge already这一关键，并

23、通过理解其相对概念people-literate作出选择。其实，computer-literate是computer（计算机）和literate（受过教育的）构成的合成词，如果分别知道这两个词的意思，不仅有助于本词汇题的选择，也有助于本文的理解。阅读词汇要求：生词率3%*1000（以上）=至少30。30/5=6个生词/篇。建议：弄熟全国统一考试大纲中的词汇。认识新课标中的词汇。 概括主旨。常见的提问方式：This news story is mainly about _. The text is mainly about _ .The best headline (标题) for this n

24、ewspaper article is_.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?What would be the best title for the text? 例如：Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act natura

25、lly and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions- People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again- The things that a kleptomania

26、c steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.What is the topic of the text?A. Young thieves. B. An unusual illness. C. Reasons for stealing. D. A normal childs actions.答案：B。本文议论的中心为一种罕见的疾病， 浓缩于第一句主题句中： Kleptomania is an illness

27、of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. 捕捉细节。常见的提问方式：Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph(passage) ?Which of the following statements is false (not true), according to the paragraph (passage) ?All the following statements are (not true) EXCEPT The author

28、(writer) mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT In this paragraph (passage), we find support for all of the following statements EXCEPT The statements made by the author (writer) are based on evidence (example, fact)The author (paragraph, passage) states (informs, tell us) that例如：Sam and Joe

29、were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive. Sam and Joe, however, thought, it would be exciting though a little dangerous. Were the best men for the job, they said to the boss. There may be problem

30、s, but we can find the answers. Theyre the last people Id trust, thought the boss. But all the other astronauts have refused to go. Most of the astronauts were unwilling to go on the trip because_ .A. there was little chance of being selected B. they werent experienced enoughC. they thought they mig

31、ht get killed D. it wasnt exciting enough答案：C。本题答案在文中可直接找到： the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive. 推断信息。针对主题大意/中心思想的推断题。常见的提问方式： We can conclude that. We may infer that. The writer suggests that. The story implies that. What the writer really means i

32、s.It can be inferred from the passage that.According to the passage, you can see. It can be seen from the passage that.The passage suggests that. In the writers opinion, .针对作者的观点、态度和意图的推断题。What does the author think of? How does the author feel about? In the writers opinion, ?Whats the tone of this

33、passage?针对写作思路、文章体裁和来源的推断题What does/did the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss? The paragraph following the passage most probably discussesThis selection（节选）might be some parts of a book concerned with. This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with.Where did this passage

34、most probably appear? These extracts（摘录）are probably taken from. 例如：We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and

35、 coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk . Mum just pushed harder , each swipe (拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight .Of course. I told he

36、r about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow.After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.C. The conditions there arent very good. D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard.答案：B。本

37、文主要叙述Mum巧妙地骗过护士在非探视时间看望女儿Dagmar的经过，说明医院有严格的探视制度。本题的推论必须与文章主题相联系。（二）完形填空的考查方式 运用复现原词复现。上下文中同一概念重复出现。同义词、近义词复现。借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语义得以连接起来。同源词复现。同一词根，通过前缀、后缀、合成和转化等方式构成同源词。上下义词复现。上义词具有概括性，下义词具有分述作用。概念复现。同一概念在上下文中以不同的词语出现。评述性复现。用一种表达方式对另一种表达方法进行解释或说明。反义复现。通过反义词或对比使文章前后衔接照应。 利用联想利用话题联想。就某一话题而言，有许

38、多信息和表达方式与之同现，形成一个个词汇链。利用因果关系联想。利用结构联想。通过关键词进行固定结构联想。 借助语言标志。借助转承语。借助并列连词。二、突破写作误区，巧做书面表达（一）认识失分原因1审题不仔细，遗漏要点。例如：2000年全国卷（目击交通事故）目击报告: It was 7 : 15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the str

39、eet. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number w

40、as AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua 2过渡不自然，单纯翻译。 例如：叙述国庆节去北京动物园的情况。 有位学生写道：Today is National Day. Li Ming and I went to Beijing Zoo. We took the No. 15 bus. We got there ten minutes later. There were many people in the zoo. M

41、ost of them were children. In the zoo, we saw elephants. We saw bears. We saw lions. At 12 oclock, we went back home. We had a wonderful day today. We felt tired. We felt happy.这位学生把该表达的内容都写出来了，而且没有句子结构方面的错误，但是，他写的不是一篇短文，而是孤零零的句子。有效地运用连接词，可使上下文连贯流畅。 Today is National Day. Li Ming and I went to Beiji

42、ng Zoo. We took the No. 15 bus and ten minutes later we got there. There were many people in the zoo, most of whom were children. In the zoo, we saw many kinds of animals, such as elephants, bears and lions. At 12 oclock, we went back home. What a wonderful day we had today. Although we were tired，

43、we felt very happy. 3. 逻辑不恰当，有悖常理。 结尾：It is very clear that the pollution has harmed not only people around the factory but also the manager himself. The manager was criticized by the government. Now he has realized the importance of keeping the air clean.4表达不丰富，结构单调。例如：2002年全国卷（讨论公园是否收门票）The entran

44、ce fees are charged. People will not come. Walls and gates should be built. They will not make the city look bad.短语、从句可使短文更富有表现力。 Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more，it will become necessary to build gates and walls，which will do harm to the appearance of a city.

45、5语言不地道，汉式思维。例如：2002年全国卷（给英文报纸写信）不少同学写成：I want to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.就I wan to tell you而言，本身没有错，但用在此处就不符合英语习惯了。书信中应写：I am writing to tell you about the discussion weve just had about whether an entrance fee should be charge

46、d for parks.6用词不贴切，缺乏积累。例如：2002年北京卷（记叙野外生存训练）结尾部分有学生写成：Then we set up the camp and set fire to cook food.姑且不谈to cook food的对错，单就set fire而言就是个不可原谅的错误，set fire to a place系“纵火烧某处”，显而易见是对make a fire这个词组没有掌握。最后部分应写：Li Ming then put up the tent，and I made a fire and started cooking.7语法不正确，错误不断。【误】Can you tell Asia elephants from Africa? 【误】He will remember firmly that the teacher said and did. 【正】Can you tell Asian elephants from African ones?【正】He will remember clearly what the teacher said and did. 8书写不规范，多词少词。