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1、非谓语动词,1. to do 2.-ing 3.done,1,课堂教学,非谓语,不定式（to do),V-ing,V-ed,as a noun,as adj. or adv.,现在分词,动名词,过去分词,非谓语动词 的分类,2,课堂教学,使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.,非谓语动词的,3,课堂教学,Smoking is bad for health. 2. His hobby is swimming. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. Th
2、e man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. He decided to try again.,找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,is,is,heard,is,decided,4,课堂教学,5,课堂教学,6,课堂教学,一、考查非谓语动词作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的 区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比 较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is no
3、t very good for you to smoke so much. 3) Collecting information is very important to business men. 4) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.,(抽象),(具体),7,课堂教学,Itbe名词/形容词todo Itbe形容词 for sb /of sbtodo It takes/took sb +时间+to do It is necessary _(spend) enough time on English if you want to lear
4、n it well.,to spend,8,课堂教学,1). To make a plan first is a good idea.,= It is a good idea to make a plan first.,2). It takes three hours to walk there.,It is possible for him to master the art of speaking. It was careless of him to break the coffee cup.,= He was careless to break the coffee cup.,9,课堂教
5、学,2. 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。,It is/was,no use/good,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good staying up too late every day.,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式 上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,10,课堂教学,二、考查非谓语动词作宾语 不定式
6、和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。,11,课堂教学,2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, ri
7、sk, suggest, deny. 1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. lo
8、sing C. to be lost D. being lost,C,B,12,课堂教学,3.有些动词如intend, start, continue后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别。 I intend to finish/ finishing the task this morning. 但love, like, hate, prefer后接动名词表示经常性的行为；接不定式表示具体的行为。 1). I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this afternoon. A. swimming, swimming B. to swim,
9、 to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming,C,13,课堂教学,2). Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,A,A,14,课堂教学,4. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定 式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。 句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是 一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有： want、need、require等。,1) Your watch ne
10、eds repairing to be repaired. 2) The windows need painting again to be painted again.,15,课堂教学,5. 有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾 语，但意义上有区别。如forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try, go on, cant help等。 remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已经发生的动作， remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表动作还没有发生。 mean doing 意思是；意味着 mea
11、n to do 意欲，打算要做 stop to do 停下来要做 stop doing 停止正在做的动作 try doing 试着做 try to do sth. 试图做 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做,16,课堂教学,1). If you think treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 2). When asked by
12、the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave,D,C,17,课堂教学,6. 1). I have no choice but to accept the fact. 2). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D.
13、 marking 3). Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。,D,C,18,课堂教学,Practice As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were
14、at hand, waiting _. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit,B,D,19,课堂教学,下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词,1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则 2.非谓语动词解题四大步
15、骤,非谓语动词题的做题技巧,20,课堂教学,一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则,21,课堂教学,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系， 故选 D。,22,课堂教学,2. _ this ca
16、ke， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making,23,课堂教学,3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved,【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，
17、我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.,24,课堂教学,4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。,listen to do/doing ,25,课堂教学,用括号里的词的适当形式填空 1. Write to
18、 the editor , _that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest ) 3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare ) 4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep ),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,ing形式作伴随状语与
19、 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且 前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在 谓语动词的动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。,26,课堂教学,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A. to l
20、et B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。,27,课堂教学,6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A.have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to b
21、e reaching,28,课堂教学,8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。,29,课堂教学,原则四：凡
22、是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动 式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式. 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除 B 和C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。,30,课堂教学,10. At the
23、beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。,of,31,课堂教学,11. When she came in, she
24、 was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed,a stranger,his eyes,sitting,seat vt.,I seated myself.,=I was seated.,=I sat down,fix ones eyes upon,32,课堂教学,1. seat和sit作为动词，都可以表示“坐”的
25、意思。 (1) seat是及物动词，比较正式，常以被动形式表示主动意义。如： He is seated between Jack and Tom. 她坐在杰克和汤姆之间。 Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.) (2) sit通常作不及物动词用，比较口语化。如： The students are sitting at their desks. 学生们正坐在课桌旁。 Sit down, please. 2. seat还可作名词用(而sit只能作动词用)，常见短语take a seat (相当于have a seat或take ones seat) ，
26、意为“坐下，就座”。如： Take your seat, please. 请就坐。,33,课堂教学,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.,12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John,(be) faced with,Faced with,34,课堂教学,13.
27、 While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。,watching,35,课堂教学,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式） 14._ from
28、 other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. to be separated,【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。,has,36,课堂教学,
29、15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making,【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，having made . 相当于 who had made. 的意思。,left,37,课堂教学,16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what co
30、untry Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,he studied in ? he will study in? he studies in?,C,A,B,is,sb is said to do 据说,38,课堂教学,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是： 用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。 17.There will be more than three hundred scientists
31、 attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait,the meeting,the day after tomorrow,visitors,39,课堂教学,19. “Things _
32、never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,Things,The last one,lose vt. lose sb/sth,注：受 the first， the second . the last 修饰 的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。,You are the seco
33、nd to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。,40,课堂教学,原则一：用作目的状语，,原则二：用作伴随状语，,原则三：用作结果状语，,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.,原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,原则区别是： -ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。,原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；
34、如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与 主句主语保持一致。,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上 要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）,原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作 尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。,41,课堂教学,二. 非谓语动词解题 四大步骤,42,课堂教学,（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _ many times , he still could
35、nt understand it .,Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,43,课堂教学,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意标点符号,没有连词连接,独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；一般有逗号
36、与主句分开；名词或代词与其后的分词，形容词，不定式或介词是逻辑上的主谓关系。如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息了。 There being nothing to do, we went home. 没别的事可做我们就回家了。,44,课堂教学,确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。,怎么加?,45,课堂教学,非
37、谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成独立主格。,46,课堂教学,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.,一般来说
38、， 非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语； 非谓语动词作宾补,逻辑主语是宾语； 非谓语动词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰词。,47,课堂教学,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,_from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See,A,B,解析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A， 用过去分词表被动。 句2. 我们主动看.即表主动，故选B。,（三）分析语态
39、,48,课堂教学,A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,49,课堂教学,（四）分析时态,1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year
40、 will be a restaurant .,3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,50,课堂教学,二. 找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一. 辨别“谓与非谓”,三. 非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结： 谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,51,课堂教学,Practice,Challenge yourself!,52,课堂教学,1. A railway station is no place for a ch
41、ild _ alone at night. A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left,2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset（消化不良，肠胃不适）. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not,3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. A. Keep B. Kee
42、ping C. To keep D. To have kept,4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do,5. When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having,53,课堂教学,6. A few days
43、after the interview， I received a letter _ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered,7. The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard 在飞机上. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed,8. He was always the first _ and the last _ the office. A. to come， to leave B. com
44、ing， leaving C. to come， left D. coming， left 9. Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day， but I dont know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married,10.With everything she needed_, she left the shop. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought,with sth done 是伴随着某事被完成了, 的意思, 这里sth是被动 she needed 是定语,修饰everything,54,课堂教学,Goodbye!,55,课堂教学,