《短暂动词和延续性动词练习题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《短暂动词和延续性动词练习题.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用在学习现在完成时的过程中，我们经常碰到类似这样的句子：1）这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。2）这位老人已经去世五年了。此时，有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为：1)Ihaveboughtthisbikeforfiveyears.（此句突出“买”的动作。言下之意，到现在还没有买到。）2)Theoldmanhasdiedforfiveyears.(此句突出“死”的动作，给人的感觉是“这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎”。)造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中，将瞬间动词与延续性动词混为一谈。英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和瞬间动词
2、。那么，什么是瞬间动词呢？简而言之，瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy,die等。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的
3、状语连用。延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用.Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)那么，如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢？此时，我们可以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续性词（组），从而间接表示其中的意思。a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词1、用have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbou
4、ght)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替putonb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry2、beill代fall(get)ill3、bedead代die4、beaslee
5、p代fall(get)asleep5、beawake代wake/wakeup6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代start,begin2“beup”代getup3“beback(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终
6、止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto延续性动词与不延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for2years;since从句,sincehe
7、camehere;since+时间点名词,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime等。例:Hehaslivedherefor6years.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.Howlongdidyoustaytherelastyear?二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表
8、示时间点的状语连用，如：twoyearsago;at5oclock;例:Hedied5yearsago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:Ihaventleftherefor3years.Ihaventheardfromhimfor3weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：1.Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.-Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.-Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.2.HejoinedtheParty2years
9、ago.-HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.3.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ihavehadthebookfor5days.一同意句替换（中考必考）短暂动词的一般过去式可以同意替换为延续性动词的现在完成时（for/since）1.borrowkeephavekeptHeborrowedmyCDyesterday.2.gettoknowknowhaveknownHegottoknowthetruthtwodaysago.3.catchacoldhaveacoldhavehadacoldHecaughtacoldthedaybeforeyesterday
10、.4.buyhavehavehadHeboughtthiscomputerfouryearsago.5.diebedeadhavebeendeadHediedin1996.6.openbeopenhavebeenopenTheshopopenedhalfanhourago.7.closebeclosedhavebeenclosedThefactoryclosedlastyear.8.getmarriedbemarriedhavebeenmarriedTheygetmarriedwhenhegraduatedfromuniversity.9.fallillbeillhavebeenillLast
11、night,hefellillsuddenly.10.fallasleepbeasleephavebeenasleepHefellasleepwhenhelistenedtotheradio.11.leavesp.Beawayfromsp.Havebeenawayfromsp.Helefttheschoolafter18yesrsold.12.returnbebackhavebeenbackHereturnedtoChinaafter7years.t13.gotobedbeinbedhavebeeninbedHetotheislandbeontheislandhavebeenontheisla
12、ndThomascametotheislandwhenhewasachild.15.gotosp./cometosp.Beinsp.Havebeeninsp.HewenttoAeherebeherehavebeenhereHecameherelastsummer.17.gotherebetherehavebeenthereHewenttherewithhissecretarytendaysagoonbusiness.18.gooutbeouthavebeenoutHewentoutwhenhisneighbourcametohishouse.19.getupbeuphavebeenupHego
13、tupimmediatelywhenheheardthebellring20.start/beginbeonhavebeenonTheconcertstarted7minutesago21.finish/endbeoverhavebeenoverHefinishedalltheschoolworktenminutesago.22.becomebehavebeenHebecomeabasketballplayerwhenhewasalittlechild.23.joinbeamemberofhavebeenamemberofBeinhavebeeninHejoinedthecommunistpa
14、rtin1998.二单项选择题1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2.I_theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.have
15、beenC.madeD.havebecome5.Youmustnt_untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft6.Themeeting_foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover7.MissGao_thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught8.Ben_ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became9.I_homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebe
16、enbackC.returned10.Howlong_he_?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead11.He_thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad12.-Howlong_you_ill?-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been13.Since2000,he_hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom14.Illlendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take15.Thebus_ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen16.Areyou_thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on17.He_for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup