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1、主谓一致中的三原则(1)2006-10-31Sam 英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致；2）意义一致；3）就近一致。【语法一致原则】I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.I love / She loves music. 我/ 她爱好音乐。Are your mother a worker？（误）你母亲是工人吗？Is your mother a worker？（正）（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（
2、短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.The work is important. 这项工作重要。To serve the country is our duty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.The children are taken good care of. 孩子们得到很好的照料。They have gone to Chengdu. 他们去成都了。. 以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语：
3、1.通常作复数用 .e.g.Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。Truth and hone
4、sty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each，every，many，a，no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。e.g.Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a goo
5、d （great）many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.Many a fine man has died for it. 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。b）“a / an + 单名+ or two”大多接单数谓语：“one or two + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.Only a word or two is （are ）needed. 只需说一两句。One or two reasoms were suggested. 提出一两条理由。c）“a / an + 单名+ and
6、a half”常接单数谓语：“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.A year and a half has passed. 一年半已过去了。One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。d）“more than one + 单名”大多接单数谓语。e.g.More than one person was （were ）absent. 不止一个人缺席。“more + 复名+ than one ”接复数谓语。e.g.More students than one have been there. 不止一个学生去过那儿。“more
7、 than two （three，）+复名”接复数谓语。e.g.More than one hundred students have attended the concert. 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。2. 主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre / ）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.a）There is only a small quan
8、tity of paper （books）left. 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。b）This kind of apple is sweet. 这种苹果甜。This kind of apples is （are）sweet. （大多依 kind，作单数用 ）These kind（s）of apple（s）are sweet. （总作复数用）但：Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）3. 主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成
9、这类短语的常用“with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，added to，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than ”等。e.g.A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。4. “one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”：1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）He was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表扬的男孩之一。2）若“one”前加“this，the，the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。e.g.He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。（关系词who 代 the only one ）