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1、世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Scope of the report,Burden of diabetes Preventing diabetes Managing diabetes National response Recommendations,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,2,BURDEN OF DIABETES,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Diabetes,is a serious, chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose occurs either when the pancreas does not produc
2、e enough insulin (type 1) or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (type 2).,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Diabetes is one of the four major NCDs,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Risk factors,Type 1 Exact causes are unknown. Type 2 Risk is determined by genetic and metabolic factors Overweight/obesity and physical i
3、nactivity are the strongest risk factors Fetal & early childhood nutrition affect future risk,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Complications of diabetes,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,108 million,422 million,Rise in diabetes,1980,2014,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Rise is faster in low- and middle - income countries,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Increase in diabetes
4、 is most marked in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Mortality from diabetes,43% of deaths occurred under the age of 70 years,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Economic impact of diabetes,Catastrophic medical expenditure significantly higher in people with diabetes. Direct annual cost of diabetes globa
5、lly US$ 827 billion. Losses in GDP worldwide estimated to be US$ 1.7 trillion from 2010 to 2030,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Diabetes and the global NCD agenda,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,13,PREVENTING DIABETES,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Overweight and obesity increasing,2014 1 in 3 overweight 1 in 10 obese,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Preventing type 2 d
6、iabetes at the population level,Multisectoral approaches to reduce the prevalence of modifiable diabetes risk factors A combination of fiscal policies, legislation, changes to the environment and raising awareness of health risks can promote healthier diets and physical activity.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Healt
7、hy work places,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,School-based approach,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Preventing type 2 diabetes in people at high risk,Diabetes can be delayed or prevented in people who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Diet and physical activity are more effective than medication. The high-risk
8、 approach needs to be implemented in accordance with available resources.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,19,MANAGING DIABETES,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Diagnosing diabetes,Diabetes is diagnosed by measuring glucose in blood Fasting 2 hours after a 75g oral load of glucose measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) High proportion o
9、f type 2 diabetes is undiagnosed.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Management of diabetes,Good management can prevent complications and premature death using: standard guidelines and protocols (WHO Package of Essential NCD interventions) small set of generic medicines diet and physical activity patient education about
10、 self-care regular screening for early detection and treatment of complications.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Access to affordable insulin,People with type 1 diabetes require insulin for survival. People with type 2 diabetes often need insulin Low-income countries generally pay most for insulin while high- and mid
11、dle-income countries pay least. Only 23% of low-income countries report that insulin is generally available.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Early detection and treatment of complications,End-stage renal disease Measurement of urine protein progression to kidney failure can be slowed by essential drugs Cardiovascular
12、 diseases Measure and control cardiovascular risk factors Blindness Periodic eye examinations and timely laser photocoagulation Lower limb amputation Proper footwear and regular examination of feet Provide rehabilitation,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Integrated management of diabetes and other chronic health condit
13、ions,Diabetes management should be integrated with management of other NCDs, and in some settings with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,25,NATIONAL RESPONSE,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,National capacity for prevention and control of diabetes (NCD CCS 2015- 177 countries),156 countries have a national diab
14、etes policy, plan or strategy, only 127 are funded and operational. 68% of countries have operational policies for diet and physical activity. 50% of countries have conducted a national, population-based survey with measurement of blood glucose status within the past 5 years.,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Only 47%
15、of countries report full implementation of guidelines for management of diabetes. Only 1/3 of low- and lower-middle income countries have all three basic technologies in PHC blood glucose urine strip for glucose/ketone and height and weight measurement Blood glucose measurement is generally available in primary care in 50% of low-income countries.,National capacity for prevention and control of diabetes (NCD CCS 2015- 177 countries),世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,28,RECOMMENDATIONS,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,Recommendations,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,WHO response,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告,32,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！,