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1、Design and Study of a Virtual Prototyping SystemAbstract: The principle and category of virtual prototyping are introduced. While the virtual prototyping system is presented, some key technology when implemented such as product representing and modeling, assembly and disassembly for scene graph, hum
2、an-computer interaction, component models prepared for virtual prototyping are discussed. The implemented system based on PC machine is proved to be practicable in cost efficient.Key Words: virtual prototyping； scene graph； human-computer interaction； modeling； DAG1 Introduction Virtual PrototypingA
3、s the world economy and the rapid development of science and technology, global markets increasingly competitive. Consumption continued to diversify products, personalized direction. The face of unpredictable, sustainable development, market demand, business to enhance our competitive edge, must qui
4、ckly change Variety, Updated design, shorten the new product development cycle, improve product design quality, decreasing researching costs, for innovative design reads so they could fast changing market demands and make quick response to market competition in a considerable market share and profit
5、s, the traditional physical prototype design and manufacture based on means can not meet these requirements. Virtual prototyping technology is driven by such urgent need arise.1.1 The concept of virtual prototypingVirtual Prototyping Also called virtual prototyping or virtual model, strictly speakin
6、g, is the virtual into a kind, that with modern computer simulation technology (especially computer technology, visual) generated virtual prototype, it is a virtual It is said that this prototype is not a physical entity, and that it is prototype because it has all the appearance of apparent physica
7、l prototype, user interface, as well as complete prototype functions and processes. The initial prototype or prototype development projects resulting from the field of mass production. Prototype development, is in the production process, first create or design a book to reflect the final products Al
8、l properties of the Mo Xing (prototype or prototype), through the right prototype for testing, analysis and evaluation to guide further design and development of production of Optimization to Reach shorten the development cycle and reduce development costs, improve production efficiency. Virtual Pro
9、totyping is a new approach to product development, it is a computer simulation model based on the product of digital design. Produced before the physical prototype, it uses a virtual prototype instead of the physical prototype of the product innovative design, test and evaluation. Virtual prototypin
10、g technology is based on advanced modeling techniques, multi-domain simulation technology, interactive user interface technology and comprehensive application of virtual reality technology. Mechanical systems virtual prototyping technology to predict the overall performance of mechanical systems; to
11、 quickly analyze, compare and improve the system design, improve performance, maximize Reduce the number of physical prototype tests.1.2 mechanical systems virtual prototyping technologyMechanical systems virtual prototyping technology from multi-body dynamics theory. Because of computing limitation
12、s, the classical rigid body dynamics of the main areas of study is limited to simple systems. But with the development of science and technology, people are increasingly faced with more complex mechanical system problems, such as: vehicles, aircraft, robots, spacecraft, and other research and develo
13、pment. Mechanical systems virtual prototyping system development, the earliest dating back to 1961, when General Motors vehicles to carry out a systematic analysis, developed a simple calculation for the analysis of mass - spring - damper system analysis software DYANA (Dynamic Analyzer). Since then
14、, the mechanical systems virtual prototyping system development work is not interrupted. The past 40 years, developed a computer using a specialized research by a number of rigid links in a complex mechanical system of the new discipline.1.3 Mechanical System Virtual Prototyping TechnologyForeign vi
15、rtual prototyping technology has been widely used, applications from the aerospace industry, aviation, military, defense industry, automobile manufacturing, construction machinery, shipbuilding, machinery and electronics industries, to ergonomics, bio-mechanics, agriculture, medicine and Engineering
16、 Consulting and many other aspects. In various fields, virtual prototyping technology is a cost for the user to save time and provide a satisfactory design.July 4, 1997, NASA (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has successfully achieved the Pathfinder Mars probe soft landing on Mars has become se
17、nsational news. The detector before launch, JPL engineers have used virtual prototyping simulation of spacecraft at different stages (into the atmosphere, deceleration and landing) of the working process. JPL engineers predict the use of virtual prototyping technology braking rockets as wind interac
18、tion with Mars, the probe is likely landing roll. Engineers modified the technology for this program, Security sensitive scientific instruments will reach the surface of Mars to ensure the success of Mars landing program.Boeing 777 aircraft used virtual prototyping technology has been drawing the de
19、sign and production of non-success in recent years caused by industry, business profile of a major breakthrough, SGI computer system to The Boeing Company has successfully established a virtual prototype of the Boeing 777 aircraft so that designers, engineers can walk through the virtual aircraft, e
20、xamine the design of the aircraft. 777 formed by the 3 million parts, the computer system can call up any one part, to modify the design. It is not only greatly reduces the development cycle, greatly reducing development costs and ensures the success of the final product one after installation.Ford
21、Motor Company in the development of a new model also uses the technology, designed to shorten the 70 days period. As a result of this technology, designed to reduce the 40 million U.S. dollars cost, manufacturing cost savings of 10 billion dollars. As the design and manufacturing cycle shortened, ne
22、w car market as early as the additional profit to the cost of several times.Caterpillar is the worlds largest tractors, loaders and construction machinery manufacturers, manufacturing a large-scale physical prototype device take months and cost millions of dollars. Caterpillar Inc. uses virtual prot
23、otyping technology to improve the design and test methods to achieve a fast virtual trialing a variety of designs, which make the product cost reduction, Performance superior.American companies John Deere company, in order to solve the high speed of construction machinery in the hunting behavior and
24、 the overload of self-induced vibration under the use of virtual prototyping technology, not only to find the reasons put forward to improve the program, and the basis for virtual prototyping been demonstrated to significantly improve product performance and high speed performance of heavy work.Pele
25、rines Milnor Corporation is a manufacturer of industrial washing equipment. Engineers to test virtual prototyping of different designs, the first virtual prototype with three washing machines, and then modify the design to change the spring stiffness and damping, choose different types of shock abso
26、rbers, changing the size and rigidity hub, computer simulation test. The simulation of each design requires only 1 hour. The results show that the physical prototype test results and simulation results match the virtual prototype level of more than 95%. On this basis, Pelerines Milnor development of
27、 a new washing machine working steady, long life vibration noise.Prosthetic manufacturer using virtual prototyping technology to establish a virtual three-dimensional knee joint. Model, including ligament and tendon tissue, can truly simulate the surface and surface contact. Prosthetics with Nike, R
28、eebok, Rockport and other footwear manufacturers use of virtual prototyping technology to model, in which body motion parameters using anatomical research. Were not specially trained to ensure prosthetic clinic physician can also enter patient data quickly identify high heel, to correct gait. The te
29、chnology used in patients with walking and running animation show, various gait, for in-depth study Animation can slow play or enlarge. Modify the use of virtual prototyping technology prosthetic design, you can quickly create artificial limb, patients can try a new spot in the clinic designed shoes
30、.In agricultural machinery, Zhi-Hua Wang, Cui-Ying CHEN ADAMS, research institutions shaker combines movement, through the simulation to determine the greatest impact on the shaker parameters determined for the entire organization optimize the design variables, then for fast, accurate and easy to co
31、mplete physical prototype design basis.Li-Yong ZENG new loader use Solid works for designing virtual prototype modeling, virtual assembly, graphics rendering, interference detection, two-dimensional drawings of the transfer, to improve the efficiency of small loader design and quality.KE-dong Zhou f
32、unction using virtual prototyping technology lawn maintenance machine to solve the lack of engine power, transmission rate mismatch issues.Tan Li-dong ADAMS software analysis using high-density baling forage process, through the use of virtual prototyping technology to the grass in a compression pro
33、cess is optimized. Compression equipment for the power of design optimization, compression equipment to improve efficiency and improve product quality to provide a theoretical basis for compression.2 Virtual prototype product developments, the theoretical basisIn 1993, the famous EDS UG U.S. Preside
34、nt John Mazola on the virtual product development described it: virtual product development is a vision, in this scenario, to network together to organize the people to work together to complete the product the design, analysis, manufacturing and technical support. Their work in order to determine t
35、he number and distribution of the, will enable them to at any time, any place collaboration or work independently. This network addition to the production company would include the supply of Suppliers, partners and customers. He pointed out that the virtual product development of three main features
36、:(1) Digital modeVirtual product development is the process of product design and manufacture of real images in a virtual environment. Number of virtual product development in three aspects: First, digital products in the product development process in different stages until the product has said, ar
37、e to exist digitally, called the product of the digital model; is to develop management digital, in the product development process, development process management using digitally and online task is the digitally identify and distribution; third, the exchange of information digitization, in design a
38、nd manufacture of the full life cycle Product information exchange using digital means to achieve paperless digital model-based design.(2) Product life cycleVirtual product development from product research, product planning, product design, product manufacturing, product sales, product use to produ
39、ct the final retirement of the product life cycle, the computer constructed virtual environment to achieve its goal of not only the material product form and manufacturing process simulation and visualization technology, but also for product performance, behavior and function and in the product real
40、ization of the various stages of the implementation of programs to predict, evaluate and optimize. Product life cycle is the number of CAD / CAE / CAM / PDM technical support. Current CAD / CAE / CAM / PDM technology, further development Known as the virtual prototype (VP) / Product Lifecycle Manage
41、ment (Product Life Manager PLM).(3) Network coordinationVirtual product development is the development of networks to work together the results of the product itself and the complexity of the development process, so that a single company or sector could not do all the work, often by the relevant dep
42、artments and companies together to form a development network of collaborative development. Such as the Boeing 777 development process, Mitsubishi, Kawasaki and Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. to bear 20% of the structure work. Virtual product development of digital properties and the development of mode
43、rn network technology make collaboration a reality network, network-based collaborative design and concurrent engineering to become an important feature of VPD. Virtual product development technology trends can be summarized as design integration, network design, design virtualization and intelligen
44、t design.3 Concurrent EngineeringAccording to the Institute for Defense Analyses in 1986, the United States in its R-338 of the definition proposed in the report, Concurrent Engineering is the process of parallel and related products, integrated design of a systematic mode. This mode makes developme
45、nt are from the beginning to consider the full life cycle product of all factors, including quality, cost, progress, and user needs. Concurrent engineering technical core in addition to early succession CIMS information integration and to have their main characteristic is process integration. Proces
46、s integration is to the various activities of the enterprise process of reconstruction, the product development process in a variety of serial process to parallel as far as possible changes process, so that Early design can be considered the product to be assembled, can be manufacturability, testabi
47、lity, maintainability, reliability, supportability and cost factors such as reasonable, so that in time all stages of communication, coordination, avoid large inter-stage rework. In addition, the process of integration also means that product-centric, inter-departmental multi-disciplinary team compo
48、sed of staff integration. Concurrent engineering is not so much an advanced manufacturing mode. As it is an advanced design patterns, this is because the design in concurrent engineering accounted for a dominant position, the Concurrent Engineering is the core of concurrent design. Manufacture of co
49、ncurrent design is frequently used advanced design patterns, it is computer technology, network technology, communications technology Deng a certain development stage, applied to product design with MR from design process from group, Resulting optimization. Parallel design factors to consider: market demand, manufacture, assembly, maintenance, environmental protection, Purpose is to shorten the new product development cycle, reduce production costs, Increase design quality. There fore as a virtual system. Manufact