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1、2012 年 9 月公共英语三级试题及答案Use of EnglishBlue jeans are probably the single most representative article of American clothing Theywere originally 26 by Jacob Davis，a tailor from Nevada， 27 ， together with dry-goodssales man Levi Strauss ， patented the idea as 28 clothing for miners in l873 Blue jeans ， als
2、o29 as work clothing ，spread among workers of all kinds in the late l9th and early 20th centuries，30 among cowboys ，farmers ，loggers ，and railroad workers During the 1950s， 31 MarionBrando and James Dean made blue jeans 32 by wearing them in movies，and jeans be 。camepart of the 33 of teenagers rebel
3、lingIn the l960sand 1970s ，this fashion statement explodedas LevI 34s a fundamentalpartofthe youth 35 focused on bothcivilrightsand antiwarprotests 36 the late1970s ， almost everyone in the United States wore blue jean, 37 youthsall around the world sought after them 38 designers began to create mor
4、e complicated 39of blue jeans and to 40 their fit ， jeans began to express the American emphasis 41 informalityand the importance of detailBy stressing the right label and 42 the right look， blue jeans ，43 their worker origins ，satirically 。Represented the status consciousness of American fashionand
5、 the 44 to get close to the 45 fashion In 1971 ， Levi Strauss Co received the CotyFashion Critics Awardthe，highest award of the American fashion industry26 AinventedBintroducedCdevelopedDdelivered27 AwhichBwhereCthatDwho28 Acustom-madeBlong-wearingCwell-tailoredDnice-looking29 ArealizedBacceptedCkno
6、wnDidentified30 AespeciallyBnormallyCobviouslyDexclusively31 AcowboysBactorsCwritersDdirectors32 AeconomicalBtypicalCfashionableDvaluable33 AimageBfigureCpictureDcharacter34 AtookBplayedChadDbecame35 AcharacterBcultureCanxietyDeducation36 ABeforeBSinceCByDTill37 AandBsoCthenDfor38 AAlthoughBUntilCAs
7、DWhereas39.AstylesBexamplesCsizesDmaterials40 AcreateBadjustCdetermineDpursue41 AaboutBinCofDon42.AmaintainingBimprovingCexpressingDachieving43 AbesidesBdespiteCexceptDfrom44 AanxietyBeagernessCambitionDpromise45 AtemperBgrandCbrightestDlatestText 1Back in the early 1990s ，I knew little about comput
8、ers beyond what it took to get througha working day But here s what I did know something： huge was happening It was stirringeconomies and imaginations and possibilities like nothing I had ever known I knew the worldwas changing in ways that meant I shouldn t countonold assumptions And I knew I haddr
9、eams I still hadn t fulfilledBut. I didn t knowhow to realize them until I met with my oldfriend ， Rollys Rouse ， when we happened to move into the same neighborhoodRolly often called me with a stream of ideas His rate of idea production per secondseemed al- most incredible Soon we were on the phone
10、 with each other every dayTalkingabout the Internet.TalMng about starting a new online company-maybe togetherHe was then developing a plan and he wanted me to be a part of it： we would givepeople wonderful， whole electronic houses on a CD-ROM and let them modify those homestotheirown needs Try outdi
11、fferentwindowsand doors ， differentpaintcolorsandfurnishings When they were satisfied，we would enable the mode go online to make theprojecthappen ， to get the productsand the financingand the professionaldesign andconstruction to help to do it outrightBuilding Blocks was the name Rolly came up with
12、for his new enterpriseRolly took theplunge first He simply dropped his profitable energy consulting business to commit himselffull time to Building Blocks. I soon joined him after I quit my well paid job at a newspaperTogetherwe developeda demoto show the featuresof our CDROM ，“ TheNewAmericanDreamH
13、ome” Thenwe tookittotheannualconventionof the NationalAssociation of Home Builders in BostonAll the big companies were there showing off theirlatest products To our delight， nearly everyone was eager to see what we were showing, includingthetop executives of some enormous companies When we left ， we
14、 had invitations from themto come to their offices to tell them more about Building Blocks.That was the start of my real lifetime dream and Build Blocks， our company ，has beenprospering ever since46 By “ somethinghuge was happening”，the writer refers to_ Ahouse designingBhome decorationCfurniture pr
15、oductionDhigh-tech development47The text shows that Rolly Rouse is_ AcreativeBcautiousCconsiderateDconservative48 Building Btocks is a company that helps people to_Arent ideal housesBbuy ideal housesCfind ideal housesDown ideal houses49 Rolly and the writer decided to start a company together becaus
16、e they were both_Aexpecting architectureBunder Raid at their jobsCout of work at the timeDinterested in e-business50At the Boston convention， Rolly and the writer were happy because_ Athey aroused people s interest in their productsBthey sold some of their own products right thereCthey got their fir
17、st orders from some famous building firmsDthey had the opportunity to visit some famous building firmsText 3Lately， presidentsof some Americanuniversitieshave added inflationto their worrylist They are not conceded about inflation of prices，but of academic grades Larry Summers ，president of Harvard
18、Recently caused a storm when he told one of the university s professorshe didn t likegrade inflationInsiders say that nearly half the grades Harvard awards have lately been A or A minusa lot more man in the l980s Is this trend a bad thing，in fact2 And is this grade inflationreally“ inflation”?To tak
19、e the second question first，the answer is N0 ， not strictly speaking ” Inflation“ ingrades ought to mean that work of a given standard would be awarded an ever higher grade，year by year. The highest permissible grade would therefore have to keep rising in a ceaselessprocess on of non-improvement Bec
20、ause in reality the top grade is fixed， the process is notso much grade inflation as grade compression This is worse ：a distortion in relative pricesis more confusing than a uniform upward drift. Grade compression squeezes information outof the system But is grade inflation necessarily a bad thing?
21、The answer depends on who you areWhenstudents leave Harvard, they carry grades as a sort of currency： a pocket full of intellectualcapital ，to bid for jobs or places in graduate schools against graduates from other universitieswith other currencies These positions got o those who can put the most ac
22、ademic cash onthe table 。 Employer sand graduate schools must decide on the exchange rate,as it were ，between a Harvard C studentand an A student from a less distinguished placeAgain overall grade inflation-the uniform devaluation of the students-wouldcapitalberelatively easy to cope with， working i
23、n principle neither to the advantage or disadvantageof Harvard graduates Recruiters in a position to see the market for graduates as a whole，wouldsimplyadjusttheirexchangerate.Compression ， however ， has distributionalconsequences The best Harvardstudents see their grades devaluedrelativeto those of
24、second rate Harvard students That is bad with respect to encouraging students to workharder 56 The text talks abouttherecent stormconcerninggradeinflationin Americanuniversities by focusing on_ Aits causesBits featuresCits impactsDits purposes57In the writer s opinionreal，grade inflation can occur w
25、hen the highest permissiblegrade_Ais raised accordinglyBis cautiously grantedCis strictly administeredDis limited appropriately58The writer thinks that grade compression characterizes_Aadjust policy in evaluationBa distorted grading systemCa fixed criterion for the work doneDa relative difference am
26、ong students59As far as job seeking is concerned ， Harvard grade inflation will benefit_Aits best graduatesBits ordinary graduatesCthe job recruitersDthe school authorities60 With grade inflation going on in Harvard，it is likely that_Aitsbest students will lack the urge to make progressBits ranking
27、in the US universities will going downCits advantages will be overtaken by its disadvantagesDits system of school score distribution will be in chaosPart BDirections ：Read the texts in which five people are commenting on a magazine article calledGlobal Fish Crisis”For。 question61 to 65， match the na
28、me of each person(61 to 65)to oneof the statements(A to G)given below. Mark your answers ANSWER SHEET.Tom Hagen ：I am a commercial fisherman in Alaska It was an eye opener to see the destructionand waste in theworld s fisheries TheAlaska salmon fishery is very well managed， and wedontsee the destruc
29、tionoccurringelsewhere Many local people complainof the manyrestrictive laws in the fish- cry， but after reading this article， Im in favor of even stricterregulation The sea is the basis for life on Earth， and we must take care of itJimmy O Brien ：You didn touch the fishing here in the USwhere the f
30、isherman is working under theharshest regulations on Earth and the strictest equipment restrictions We are fishing in a“ Thefashion that is completely environmentally friendly as required under the Magnuson-Stevens Act The U S keeps importing more fish from countries that have no requirements on equ
31、ipment or on their catch U S fishermen cannot compete with foreign prices so the fishermen s numbershave been reduced Tiffany Miller：I was shocked at the utter lack of regard that the commercial fishing industry has for its very owner sources. I dlike to ask these same fishermen who say that they ca
32、nnot make a living on the catch limits set for them ： How are you going to make a living when all the fishare gone?Nathan Kennedy：You failed to note the obviousroot causeof theglobalfish crisis， which is not newtechnologies but the explosion of world population There simple yare not enough fish in t
33、heocean to feed US， and all the fisheries management and conservation in the world will donothing to stop overfishing if nothing is done to stem the unsupportable demand for humanconsumption Peter Paul ：As a person with some 35 years of membership in various conservation groups， andafter writing tho
34、usands of emails， letters ， and protest forms ， I arrived at the sad Conclusionthat nothingI did matteredone bit When the catch drops belowthe cost of operatingexpenses ， the industry will die, taking the health of the ocean with itWe will then all standback and wonder why we let it happenNow match
35、the name of each person(61 to 65)to the appropriate statementNote ： there are two extra statementsStatements61Tom Hagen62 Jinmay O Bfien63Tiffany Miller64Nathan Kennedy65Peter PaulAOverfishing results from extensive use of new technologiesBMany people in my place support stricter regulation on fishi
36、ngCI think that you failed to point out the real reason for overfishingDWe are in a very weak position to compete with other countries in fishingESooner or later ， we will feel regretful about out current fishing practiceFI didn t know there weresuch damaging ways of fishing around the worldG1 wonde
37、r if those fishermen have ever considered the consequences of exhausting ocean resources 66 You have read the followingadvertisementabouta volunteerprogramforinternational sports gameYou want to get in touch with the organizerVolunteers WantedTasks： interpreting ，guiding ， reception work，medical aid
38、 ， driving ， etc.Good level of English requiredContact US at volunteers wantedgamilcomWrite an email to the organizer， telling about1)your interest in the program；2)your qualifications for the task；3)your time available for the taskYou should write about l00 wordsDo not sign your own name at the end
39、 of your emailUse“Wang Lin ” insteadallPart B67 Below is a pictureshowing thatthe communitynewspaperboardis coveredbyadvertisements Look at the picture and write an essay of about 120 words making referenceto thefollowing two points：1)what the problem is and what causes the problem2)how to improve t
40、he situation；参考答案26A 【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。 invent 发明； introduce 引进； develop 发展； deriver 递交。后文提到“他和纺织商李维施特劳斯合作， 于 1873 年将这一发明申请为专利”，由此推知，此处是说“蓝色牛仔裤最初是由雅各布戴维斯发明的”，故选A。27D【精析】本题考查关系代词词义辨析。 which 代指物； where 代指地点； that 代指物或者人， 但不能引导非限制性定语从句； who 代指人。 前文提到美国内华达州的一位裁缝雅各布戴维斯，推知此处是说， “他和纺织商李维施特劳斯合作”，即此处的关系代词代指的是前文
41、的雅各布戴维斯，故选D。28 B 【精析】本题考查复合形容词词义辨析。custom made顾客定制的；long wearing 经久耐穿的； well tailored精心剪裁的；nice looking漂亮好看的。后文提到这种衣服是为矿工做的，从矿工的工作环境推知，这种衣服的特点是“经久耐穿的”，故选B。29C 【精析】 本题考查动词词义辨析。realize 意识，实现； accept 接受； know 知道，称作； identify 识别。根据前文“蓝色牛仔裤”和后文“工作服”可知，后文是对前文更为具体通俗的解释，含义上是等同的，故选c。30 A【精析】本题考查副词词义辨析。especi
42、ally 尤其地； normally 正常地； 0bviously 明显地； exclusively 专有地。前文提到，蓝色牛仔裤流行于美国各行各业的工人阶层，此处专门指出几个不同工种的工人，故选A。31B【精析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。cowboy 牛仔； actor 演员； writer 作家； director导演。后文提到有人在电影中穿着这种款式的裤子，可推知此处是说“演员马龙白兰度和詹姆斯迪恩”，故选B。32C【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。 economical 经济的； typical 典型的；fashionable流行的； valuable 重要的。前半句中提到著各演员在电影中穿蓝色牛仔裤，可推知此处是说“牛仔裤走上银屏之后成为一种时尚了”，故选 C。 33 A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。 image 形象； figure 轮廓，体形； picture 图片； character 人物。前文提到牛仔裤走上银屏之后成为一种时尚，由此可推知，牛仔裤受到叛逆青年的追捧，成为了他们“形象