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1、高中英语系列讲座（二）定语从句I. 概述一. 关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人, 在从句中做主语The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时, 相当于who 或者whom; 指物时, 相当
2、于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略。(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whos
3、e指物时, 常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.二. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The scho
4、ol in which he once studied is very famous.注意: 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用, 如: look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. 2. 若介词放在关系代词前, 关系代词指人时用whom, 不可用who或者that, 不可以省略; 指物时用which, 不能用that, 不可以省略; 关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) Th
5、e man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. 3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He l
6、oved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some ofwhich have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况1) 当先行词是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ f
7、ew, little,/all, none, 等代词时, 或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only, one of等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is littl
8、e that I can do for you.(5) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (6) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.(7) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting注意: 当先行词指人时, 偶尔也可以用who。 (1) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do
9、such a thing.2) 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5) 当先行词既有人, 也有物时(1) Ca
10、n you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?6) 在There be句型中经典习题: 1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Is this the factory
11、 _ he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one 三. 关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间, 在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点, 在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I liv
12、ed ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因, 在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意: 关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in whic
13、h he went to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.四. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 区别: 形式: 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号, 而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。（1）The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. （2）China, whi
14、ch was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.关系: 限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切, 是先行词不可缺少的部分; 而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语, 对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。先行词: 限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词, 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。2. 非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”(1) 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。(2) 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which 代替。I had told them the reas
15、on, for which I didnt attend the meeting.(3) 由“介词+关系代词”时, 关系代词不能用as。(4) 指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom, 不能省略。注意: 区分以下几个句子的不同 (理解即可)(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.五. 难点分析（一）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
16、as和which引导非限制性定语从句, 有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是: 1. 先行词: As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. 位置: as引导非限制性定语从句, 可放在主句之前, 或者主句之后, 甚至可以切割一个主句; which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句或先行词之后。另外, as有 “正如, 正像” 的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a deve
17、loping country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe. 注意: 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时, 常用which3. 当先行词受such, the same, so, as修饰时, 常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he t
18、ells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意: 当先行次由the same修饰时, 偶尔也用that引导定语从句, 但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同A. She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。B. She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（二）以t
19、he way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导, 而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ (that)he answered the question was surprising.II. 巩固练习1. The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3
20、. This is the hotel _ last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day _ Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
21、6. The factory _ well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _ we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8. This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC.
22、 that has been shown this year D. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book _ he other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10. The pen _ he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in
23、front of _ sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engineer _ my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13. It there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14. Im interested in _ you have said.A. all
24、that B. all what C. that D. which15. I want to use the same dictionary _ was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16. He isnt such a man _ he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at English, _ we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18. Li Ming, _ to the concert enjoyed it v
25、ery much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19. I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is f
26、rom my sister, _ is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23. Youre the only person _ Ive ever met _ could do it.A. who; / B./; whom C. whom; / D./; who24. I lost a book, _ I cant remembe
27、r now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _ Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26. I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27. I can never forget t
28、he day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28. The way _ he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29. This is the reason _ he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30. Th
29、is machine, _ for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what32. He is working hard, _
30、will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. which C. for which D. who33. That is not the way _ I do it. A./ B. which C. for which D. with which34. I have two grammars, _ are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35. I want to use the same tools _ used in yo
31、ur factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38. He is not such a man
32、 _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. Did you ask the guard _ happened? Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. w
33、hat; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C
34、. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A.
35、which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been