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1、可控硅触发电路设计摘要：可控硅触发板是通过调整可控硅的导通角来实现电气设备的电压电流功率调整的一种移相型的电力控制器，它的输出触发脉冲具有极高的对称性及稳定性，且不随环境温度变化，使用中不需要对脉冲对称度及限位进行调整。现场调试一般不需要示波器即可完成。目前，正广泛的应用于工业各领域的电压电流调节，适用于电阻性负载、电感性负载、变压器一次侧及各种整流装置等。关键词：可控硅、导通角、触发板、脉冲控制一、 电路设计方案电路的最初设想是根据可控硅触发电路的实用性来进行的，其设计方案可分为以下几个步骤： 1、确立可控硅电路设计的整体思路，并根据现在市场上的可控硅电路进行调查，目的是了解它们的优缺点，以
2、便融入到我们的设计中，使设计的电路更加完善。2、对设计电路进行模块化研究，分别研制出最佳性能。3、对电路的所有元件参数进行整体设计，并利用仿真软件综合计算出元件的最佳参数值4、对整个设计电路进行安装和调试，截止完成整体设计方案。二、电路原理可控硅触发电路是用YC移相式触发板的同步信号VTB，取自于与主回路电源同步的交流电源输入端（无相位要求）。当移相控制电压Vc由05V变化时，移相触发板输出的触发脉冲Vo的起始点后移，使可控硅的触发角从0180变化，导通角从1800变化，从而实现了对负载进行交流调压的目的。并以镍铬、铁铬铝、远红外发热元件及硅钼棒、硅碳棒等为加热元件的温度控制；以单结晶体管构成
3、晶闸管触发电路，盐浴炉、工频感应炉、淬火炉、熔融玻璃的温度加热控制。用整流变压器、调功机（纯电感线圈）、电炉变压器一次侧、直流电机控制，并且采用单相电焊机、电阻焊机、点焊机控制等各种调场合和单相风机水泵调速节能控制，电压、电流、功率、灯光等无级平滑调节。三、 电路模块功能1、 稳压源电路在电路设计中设计一个可供整个电路供电的稳压电压源是相当重要的，他可以说是整个电路的核心部分。而本次试验的电路也设计了一个稳压电源电路，它是利用整流桥实现的全波整流电路和良好的稳压电路。具体原理图如下所示： 2、 脉冲触发及放大电路脉冲触发电路用于完成对输出波形的控制，放大电路用于完成对信号的放大其电路原理图如下
4、所示:3、 移相控制电路移相控制电路用于完成电路相位导通角从0180变化，导通角从1800变化，从而实现了对负载进行交流调压的目的。其电路原理图如下所示：四、 结语对于此试验中可控硅触发电路的设计充分体现出了我们在设计过程中所出现的问题，不管是在电路原理图的设计还是PCB的设计都还有很大的欠缺，主要是对于原理图中元件所处库和PCB中元件封装库的不熟悉，同时对于protel中一些参数设置的模糊。因此，在以后用的学习中我们还更应该大力加强对于protel的熟悉程度，以便于使我们的设计变得高校和快捷。五、 参考文献1 周政新.电子设计自动化实验与训练.北京：机械工业出版社，1998.2 吴培明.电子
5、技术虚拟实验.北京：机械工业出版社，1999.3 赵广林.轻松跟我学Protel 99SE电路设计与制版.北京：电子工业出版社，2006.附录一元器件清单部件类型元件标号封装描述0.1uFC4RAD0.1Capacitor0.1uFC3RAD0.1Capacitor0.047uFC6RAD0.1Capacitor0.47uFC5RAD0.1Capacitor1.5KW1TO-126Potentiometer1.5KW2TO-126Potentiometer1KR17AXIAL0.41uFC2RAD0.1.Capacitor1uFC1RAD0.1Capacitor2CP11VD10DIODE0.
6、4Diode2CP12VD6DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD5DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD4DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD9DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD7DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD8DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD1DIODE0.4Diode2CP12VD2DIODE0.4Diode2CW12DWDIODE0.4Zener Diode2KR7AXIAL0.43.3KR6AXIAL0.43CG12BBG7TO-92ANPN Transistor3CG12BBG8TO-92ANPN Transistor3CG12BBG6TO-92AN
7、PN Transistor3CG12BBG2TO-92ANPN Transistor3CG12BBG3TO-92ANPN Transistor3CG12BBG5TO-92ANPN Transistor3CG12BBG4TO-92ANPN Transistor3CG13CBG1TO-92APNP Transistor4*2CZ11XU1D-70Diode Bridge4.7KR3AXIAL0.44.7KR2AXIAL0.46.2KR8AXIAL0.46.2KR9AXIAL0.46.2KR12AXIAL0.410KR5AXIAL0.410KR1AXIAL0.420KR14AXIAL0.430KR1
8、1AXIAL0.430KR16AXIAL0.430KR10AXIAL0.4100KR15AXIAL0.4200KR13AXIAL0.4200KR4AXIAL0.42000uFC7RB.2/.4Electrolytic CapacitorAC12VMBSSW9QAC12VTBSSW9QAC36VDBSSW9Q附录二可控硅触发电路原理图附录三可控硅触发电路PCB图顶层底层Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an empl
9、oyment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. Employment tribunals are less for
10、mal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away fr
11、om one of the organisations listed underFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal m
12、ay reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit
13、, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based
14、 agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, includ
15、ing those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 15
16、0th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa has
17、opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures compla
18、int. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird bel
19、ief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信
20、念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more fo
21、und that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give
22、 vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant rem
23、ember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction
24、to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at
25、last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某
26、件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the be
27、ginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner t
28、he disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the
29、atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary l
30、ayer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we
31、can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？Whenever we start to let ou
32、r fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrac
33、e it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that p
34、asses through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.
35、深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us
36、 where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you h
37、ave this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants倾听内心Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons list
38、s until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。From: http:/ supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda
39、.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be
40、 traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting
41、the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Inst
42、ead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there