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1、被动语态一、被动语态的定义英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：We speak English. 句子中主语we是speak（讲）这个动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：English is spoken by them. 句子中主语English是speak（讲）这个动作的承受者，即英语被讲。被动语态相当于汉语的“被”字句。二、被动语态的构成英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化来体现。被动语态的构成是：主语+be+动词的过去分词人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的形式变化来表示。1、记住下面几种时态的被动语态的构成：一般现在时：主语+am/is/are
2、+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）一般将来时：主语+will/shall+be+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）现在完成时：主语+have/has+been+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）2、含有情态动词的被动语态主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分
3、词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）三、被动语态的用法1、怎样确定该用被动语态？（1）不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。我们在做题时要注意：如果主语能执行这个动作，就用主动语态；主语不能执行动作，反而要被动作去执行，这时就用被动语态。2、用被动语态要注意两个问题（1）不管是把主动语态变被动语态还是把被动语态变主动语态都要保持时态一致（2）在主动语态中make,see,let等省to的在被动语态中要加上to.3、不能使用被动语态的情况：（1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：happen,take place,last,cost,change，b
4、egin等（2）当直接宾语是反身代词时，不能用被动语态连系词无被动，而是用主动形式表示被动意义如：feel,taste,smell,sound,look当物做主语时，动词sell,write,wash,cut等用主动形式表示被动意义，说明主语的性质、特征。【复习目标】 理解英语句式中的语态。 掌握初中阶段出现的主要时态和情态动词的被动结构及他们的用法。 【课前准备】 要求学生对学过的动词的过去分词 (不规则)进行记忆。 【知识要点】 当谓语表示一个动作时，它与主语有两种不同的关系。若主语为动作的执行者时，主谓之间是主动关系，用主动语态；主语为动作的承受者时，主谓之间是被动关系，用被动语态。 被
5、动语态是由助动词 be加及物动词的过去分词构成，由助动词来表示不同的时态。过去分词的构成分规则与不规则两部分，规则动词的过去分词变化同动词的过去式，不规则动词的变化见书本。 （一）几种不同的被动语态的结构 1一般现在时的被动结构： be（isamare）+及物动词的过去分词 eg:This desk is made of wood and metal. English is spoken by more and more people. 2一般过去时的被动结构： was/were+及物动词的过去分词 eg:A window was broken yesterday. Those tall bu
6、ildings were built in 1998. 3含情态动词的被动语态结构： 情态动词 +be+及物动词的过去分词 eg:The classroom must be kept clean and tidy every day. The book cant be taken out of the reading room. 注意以上三种被动结构是初中阶段的重点，但初中阶段同时也出现了其他结构。见下面。 4一般将来时的被动结构： An English party will be held on New Years Day. Our TV set wont be mended until n
7、ext Tuesday. 5现在进行时的被动结构： be（amisare）+being+及物动词的过去分词 eg:A new school is being built. Too many trees are still being cut down. 6现在完成时的被动结构： have/has + been + 及物动词的过去分词 eg: More than thirty English songs have been taught since September. The old man has been sent to the hospital. 在初中阶段还出现的另三种时态的被动语态，
8、要求理解。 7过去进行时的被动结构： was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 eg: At that time the hall was being built. 8过去将来时的被动结构： should/would +be + 及物动词的过去分词 eg: He said the machine would be invented soon. 9过去完成时的被动结构： had+been+及物动词的过去分词 eg：When I remembered and went back for it, the bag had been taken away by someone. （二）被
9、动语态的用法 1当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 eg:The old woman was hit when she crossed the street. The apples will be picked next week. 2当以动作的承受者为谈话的中心时。 eg: My glasses were broken by my little son. The road must be swept by Class Two. （三）主动语态变为被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 1在hear, see, watch, listen to, look at, fee
10、l等感官动词及make, have, let等使役动词的主动语态中，后面接不带to的不定式。但这些词变被动语态后，后面接的不定式须带to,(let通常不用被动语态) eg: Mum made Bill go to bed early. Bill was made to go to bed early. They watched the children sing that morning. The children were watched to sing that morning. 2带双宾语的主动语带变被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语，另一个宾语保留在谓语后面，多数是把间
11、接宾语变为被动结构的主语。 eg: a. Someone will give me a call tomorrow morning. I will be given a call tomorrow morning. A call will be given (to) me tomorrow morning. b. I bought my son a new bike last year. My son was bought a new bike last year. A new bike was bought for my son last year. 注意：直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接
12、宾语要为某个介词 (如：to、for)的宾语，介词to可省掉(如例a),介词for不能省略(如例b)。 3当一个含有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的句子变为被动语态时，只能把宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语补足语不动。 eg: They told him to help me. He was told to help me. We hear her singing a new song. She was heard singing a new song. 4动词短语变被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省略。 eg: You must take care of your books. Yours b
13、ooks must be taken care of. May I try on the coat? May the coat be tried on? 5有些动词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：cook(做饭)、print(印刷)、sell(读)、miss(丢失)、build(建造)、copy(抄写)等，它们的进行时态就表示被动意义。 eg: My bike is missing. This kind of sweat is selling well. 再如有些不定式表示性质和可能性的形容词 hard, easy, possible等或用于too.to, enough to结构中也表达被动意义。
14、 eg: The problem is too hard to work out. The air is bad to breathe. 又如在某些动词 (词组)中，用动词-ing形式作宾语，表示被动含义。 eg: The Tianzi Mountain is worth seeing. 【典型例题解析】 例 1The tree _down last night. A. cut B. is cut C. was cut D. cuts 解析在该句中，由动作的承受者 tree作主语，因此要用被动语态，故先排除A、D；从last night看应用一般过去时的被动语态，因此答案为C。 例 2The
15、village _these years. A. changes B. is changed C. has been changed D. has changed 解析 change可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。在该句中作“变化”解时是不及物动词，不能变被动语态，所以先排除B、C；再从时间状语看，要用现在完成时，所以答案为D。 例 3The classroom is very dirty. It _at once. A. must sweep B. must be swept C. must swept D. must be sweep 解析这是一句含有情态动词的被动语态结构，其结构为：情态动
16、词 +be+及物动词的过去分词，故符合要求的答案只有B。 例 4Miss Lin said something _into her bag. A. was put B. will put C. is put D. put 解析这是一个复合句， something在宾语从句中作主语，它是动作的承受者，因此put要用被动语态，先排除B、D；而主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态也要变一般过去时，则答案为A。 例 5In the old days, the workers were made_ over 12 hours a day. A. work B. worked C. to work D.
17、 to be work 解析 make等一些使役动词或感官动词在主动语态中，动词不定式不带to,但在被动语态的句子中要带to,所以答案为C。 【选讲例题】 例 6How many English songs _in your class since last term? A. taught B. were taught C. have taught D. have been taught 解析 English songs在句子中作主语，是teach的承受者，要用被动语态，又从时间状语看要用现在完成时，现在完成时的被动结构为：have/has + been+过去分词，因此答案为D。 例 7 -T
18、he meeting _in the meeting - room. You cant find the headmaster there. A. is held B. is being held C. was held D. will be held 解析 meeting是该句动作的承受者，它作主语，此句应为被动语态，而从后面一句可以看出谓语要用现在进行时。因此这句应为现在进行时的被动结构。故答案为B。 【课内追踪练习】 (B)1_ rice _in your country? A. Does, grow B. Is, grown C. Does, grown D. Is, grow (D)
19、2The boy _before his parents arrived. A. would be operated B. was operated C. has been operated on D. had been operated on (A)3-Its Toms birthday next Sunday. Dont forget. -A present _him. A. has been bought for B. has been bought C. has bought D. has bought for (C)4There is something wrong with my
20、watch. I think it needs _. A. repaired B. repair C. repairing D. to be repair (C)5Near our school a new park _built up by the end of this year. A. has been B. was C. will be D. will have been (B)6A strange man was seen _ the shop with a heavy bag. A. come out of B. to come out of C. came out of D. t
21、o come out 【复习小结】 、牢记动词的四种变化形式。 、弄清各种被动结构，重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态，注意使用被动语态的几种常出现的特殊情况。 、中考时注意选词填空的综合应用。 【课外巩固练习】 1将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者1) They will say nothing more about this matter.2) They have made some flowers of silk.3) He wrote a poem.4) The students are planting some trees and flow
22、ers.5) They are to open up a new business next week.6) Children couldnt have done all this damage.7) All of us will see him off at the airport.8) They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.9) You must hand in your homework before five.10) People say that she is a good teacher.2. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1
23、) English _ (speak) in many countries.2) Information in short-term memory _ (can, not, keep) very long.3) After that, one of the lights _ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.4) Just a few years ago, tomatoes _ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
24、5) It is said new copies of the book _ (print) now.6) The old house _ (pull) down next month.7) In the old days, the children _ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.8) Needless to say, the second list of words _ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.9) She
25、 _ (send) to another village when I got there.10) The teacher said that we _ (give) another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam.第三讲【课外巩固练习答案】1将下列句子改为被动语态1) Nothing more will be said about this matter.2) Some flowers of silk have been made by them.3) A poem was written by him.4) Some
26、 trees and flowers are being planted by the students.5) A new business is to be opened up next week.6) All this damage couldnt have been done by children.7) He will be seen off at the airport by all of us.8) The tigers at the zoo are fed three times a day (by them).9) Your homework must be handed in
27、 before five (by you).10) It is said that she is a good teacher. (That she is a good teacher is said by them.)2. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1) is spoken2) cannot be kept3) was turned off4) were believed5) are being printed6) will be pulled7) were taken care of8) can be remembered9) had been sent10) would be given初
28、中英语被动语态专项练习( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. i
29、s often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( )6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7. -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A.
30、 it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 8. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( )9.The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10.Doctors _ in every part of
31、 the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12. Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13. These papers_yet.
32、 A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14.The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15. -My shoes are worn out. A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mend
33、ed? ( ) 16. _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 17. _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18. Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19. Who was t
34、he book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20. Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am( )21. The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The broke
35、n bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( )24.The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 25. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. wi
36、ll shown C. will show D. is shown ( ) 26.The old stone bridge _ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )27. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 28 The p
37、ot _ for _ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 29. Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 30. The bridges_ two years ago A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built . ( ) 31. Wet clothes are often _ up
38、 near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung ( )32. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 33. The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of
39、D. filled ( ) 34. Old people must be looked after well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 35. Old people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well( )36. Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are tak
40、en good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 37. They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( )38. These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( )39. Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. wa
41、s asked C. told D. was said( )40. The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( )41. The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( )42. I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( )
42、43. Good care_such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( )44. She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you( )45. The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done ( )46.The boy_ streets without
43、 pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean ( )47. These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( )48. These stones_well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted ( )49. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cos
44、t D. is costed ( )50. The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. washad B. was held C. held D. had( )51Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( )52 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is w
45、rong C. is bad D. has broken down( )53 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( )54 The watch has often _ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell( )56 Please pass me another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( )57. The story book