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1、五年级下册英语语法知识点语法知识1.近义词eat breakfasthave breakfasteat lunchhave luncheat dinner have dinnerplay sports do sportsusually often复数形式: policeman policemenpolicewoman policewomen现在分词:三单: saysays同义句: What do you do ? -What are you?你是干什么的?tell telling2、频度的副词:always 总是,一直usually通常,常常often经常sometimes有时候4、介词后跟表
2、示时间的词语时,表示在某年、某月、某个季节,某个时候(在上午,在下午,在晚上)用 in;表示在某一天,在星期几用 on,在具体的几点几分用 at.5、 too 和 either 的用法区别: too 和 either 都是“也”的意思,但 too 用于肯定句, either 用于否定句。第二单元语法知识1.同义词: autumn(英) fall (美) 对应词: wake up sleepgo to bed get up2.三单: say saysask askscome comes3.同义句: What s your favourite season?(你最喜爱的季节是什么?)-Which
3、season do you like best?( 你最哪个季节?)4表示天气的介词。当表示某地某个季节的天气情况时,要把季节放在前面,地点放在后面。其结构为: What s the weather like in 季节 in 地点?第三单元主要语法点:1、关于月份:( 1)五月写形式是前四个字母加点May , 六月 June, 七月 July ,没有简写形式。九月Sept.其他八个月的简写形式是前三个字母加点。September 的简( 2)无论是完全形式还是简写形式,表示12 个月的单词的第一个字母都要大写。2、关于基数词变序数词。( 1)一般情况下, 直接在基数词后面加 th. (one
4、 , two , three 除外)。onefirst , two second ,three third .(2) 以 ve 结尾的基数词,变ve 为 f, 再加 th. 如: five fifth , twelve twelfth.(3) 以 t 结尾的基数词,直接加h。如 eight eighth.(4) 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的,丢掉不发音的字母e,再加 th. 如 nineninth.(5) 以 y 结尾的整十数,在变为序数词时,将 y 变为 ie, 再加 th. 如 twenty twentieth ( 6) 20 以上的两位数,变为序数词时,十位数不变,只将个位上的数变为序数词
5、。如:twenty-one- -twenty-first , twenty-two twenty-second ,thirty-four thirty-fourth(7) 序数词的简写形式为表示该词的阿拉伯数字加上该单词的最后两个字母,最后两个字母要变成上标格式。如:first 1st , second 2nd ,third 3rd ,fourth 4th . twentieth 20th3. 回答 When is your birthday? 这个问题,如果只说明生日在几月份,在月份前用birthday is in July. 如果要具体说明生日是在几月几日,则要把in 去掉,直接用is 后
6、加 on。如 My birthday is June 9th.或 My birthday is on June 9th .4.注意区分两个句子:What day is it today ? 今天星期几?What s the date today? 今天是几月几日?in.如 Myis,或者在5. 根据要求写单词:make (现在分词 )-making.send(现在分词)-sending.6句子:How many birthdays are in October ? 有几个人的生日在十月?There are 3.7. My birthday is in February .( 变为一般疑问句)-
7、Is your birthday in February?8. Does she have a computer?她有计算机吗?当第三人称单数和句子中出现了does时,其他动词必须使用原型。9、读序数词时,前面一定要加the. 如 October 1st .读作 October the first.10、同义句:Who has a birthday in October?=Whose birthday is in October?第四单元知识点:1、在电话中介绍自己时,可以用“ It s ”或者 This is .。但是不能用“ I am ” 或者“ My name is ”2.在电话中表另一
8、个人接电话时,应该说:“ Can I speak to?”3、告诉别人接电话时,说:There is a call for you.4、在接电话时请别人稍候说:Hold on please. 或者 Please hold on.5、动词变为现在分词(加ing)的规则:(1)一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加ing.如: play playingclean cleaningdraw drawingcook cooking(2) 以单个不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,去掉不发音的字母e,再加 ing . 如:write writing come coming take taking make makin
9、g leave leaving have having(3) 以重读闭音世结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,则要先双写这个辅音字母,再加 ing. 如: runrunning swim swimming put putting sit sitting set setting 五单元主要知识点:1、在英语中,当表示妈妈时,无论是人类妈妈还是动植物的妈妈,都可以用she .而表示婴儿时,也都可以用it.2、系动词 be 的用法: 我是 am 你是 are, is 跟着他她它。 如果人称是复数, 扑面一律都用are.如: I am reading a book.He is cooking din
10、ner.We are doing an experiment.Are you eating lunch?3、 With除了表示和 一起外,还可以表示“使用”,如:That elephant is drinking water with its trunk.大象正在用它的象鼻喝水。I am writing with my pen. 我正在用我的钢笔写字。4、当句子中出现了can 时,动词一定要用原形。如: Can tigers really swim?I can wash the clothes.我会洗衣服。I am washing clothes. 我正在洗衣服。5、 can , usuall
11、y , often , sometimes , always 这几个单词都是一般现在时的好朋友,当句子中出现了它们时,动词一般都要用原形。now,am , is , are 这几个单词都是现在进行时的好朋友,当句子中出现了它们时,动词要用现在分词形式,也就是ing 形式。第六单元主要知识点:1、现在进行时的句子变一般疑问句时,只要将系动词be(am is are ) 和主语交换位置,将句末的句号变为问号,但是要注意第一人称和第二人称时,人称和系动词的相应变化。如: I am reading a book? -Are you reading a book?You re walking . -Am
12、 I waling?He is cooking dinner . -Is he cooking dinner?2、表示用什么做个实验时,要用on。如Do an experiment on me , please.3. It s time to后跟动词的原形,It s time for 后跟名词。如: It s time to go to school.该去上学了。(到了去上学的时间了。)It s time for English class. 到英语课的时间了。It s time to have English class. 该上英语课了。英语下册知识点总结二、重点短语讲解1.play wit
13、h和一起玩play with sb.( 某人 ) 和一起玩play with sth.( 某物 ) 玩某物e.g. Lucy and Lily are playing with their mother.Lucy and Lily are playing with their doll.2.a lot of很多a lot of = lots of +可数名词复数或不可数名词e.g. 同义句转换There are a lot of apples on the table.=There are _ _ apples on the table. ( 答案: lots of)3. how often
14、多久一次 how often 是一个特殊疑问词,就频率提问。英语表示频率的词:一次: once 两次: twice特殊其他次数:基数词+times 构成例如: 8 次 eight timese.g. -How often do you go to the library?-I go to the library once a week. ( 注:如就划线部分提问,应用特殊疑问词how often)4. how many 多少how many/much就数量提问how many + 可数名词; how much +不可数名词e.g.- How many boys are there in you
15、r class?- There are 40 boys in my class.- How much water is there in the bottle?- There is a little water in the bottle.5. be good at 擅长 at 后 可加名词 如加动词,动词应用动名词形式既 v + inge.g. I am good at English.6. be interested in 对 感兴趣 in 后 可加名词如加动词,动词应用动名词形式既 v + inge.g. I am interested in English.7. play the vi
16、olin拉小提琴乐器前加定冠词 the8. listen to music听音乐听 ,用 listen to(1) . 听音乐前,不加定冠词the ( 2) . 听收音机前,要加定冠词the : listen to the radio9. come from 来自, come from = be from , I come from China. = I am from China.易错点: Where are you come from? ( 错误 ) Where do you come from? ( 正确 )10. play football踢足球 球类名词前不加冠词 11 be fam
17、ous for 因 闻名12. have a look at 看一看have a look at = look at13. how much 多少(钱) how much 用来询问价格14. a pair of 一双;一对 a pair of glasses; a pair of trousers; a pair of gloves15. try on 试穿试穿鞋子 try on the shoes = try the shoes on试穿它 此处它是代词,只能放在try on 之间try it on14. see a doctor 看医生常用表示 “看 ”的单词有: watch; see;
18、look; read .watch: 用于看电视,比赛等;watch TV watch football matchsee: 看见 强调结果,看到什么;看医生、看电影时用see ; see a film; see a doctor15. take good care of 好好照顾take (good) care of = look after16. have a fever 发烧have a + 表示症状的单词have a fever; have a toothache; have a headachehave + 病名have measles (麻疹 ) have mumps (腮腺炎 )
19、17. have to 不得不 Her mother is ill, she has to look after her mother, so she can t come to thparty.重点:含有 have to 的句子变否定用 dont或 doesnte.g. She has to finish her homework.She doesn t have tonishfiher homework. ( 正确 ) She has not to finish her homework.( 错误 )18. be worried about 担心She is worried about h
20、er exam.19.helpwith帮助 做某事helpwith = help sb. (to) do sth.Peter helps her mother with the housework. = Peter helps her mother (to) do the housework.三、重点单词用法1. call v. 称作 What do you call it in English?2. like v. 喜欢sth.I like English very muchliketo do sth. I like reading very much, but I dondoing sth
21、.3. let动s词+原形Let s (=let us) make animals.4. want v. 想,想要wantsth.I want a piece of paper.to do sth. I want to watch TV . t like to read now.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事5. 情态动词情态动词很简单,没有人称数之变,动词原形后边站,can 表能力may 许可should 应该would 愿 must 必须 ,否定 needn t换 have to 不得不表客观四、重点语法A) 一般现在时1. 概念:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状
22、态。2. 构成:一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:( 1) be 型:句子的谓语动词只有be( am, is 或 are ):a肯定句中,只出现be,如: I am a student 我是一名学生。b否定句中,要在be 后面加 not ,如: She isnt a teacher 她不是教师。c一般疑问句,要将be 放在句子开头(注意句首字母大写),句尾用问号,答语用Yes,主语 +be或 No,主语 + be + not 如: Are you ready ? 你准备好了吗?Yes, I am 是的,我准备好了。( No , Im not 不,我没准备好。)( 2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为
23、实义动词(也叫行为动词):a肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如:I get up in the morning 我早晨起床。b否定句中,要在实义动词前面加 do( does) not , do( does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与 not 缩写成 dont ( doesnt ),如: I dont like vegetables 我不喜欢蔬菜。c一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do ( does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语 +do( does)或 No ,主语 +do ( does) not 如: Do you like oranges ? 你喜欢桔子吗? Yes, I do 是的,我喜
24、欢。 ( No , I dont 不,我不喜欢。)3. 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语
25、也要用一般现在时。例: Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.B) 一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),so
26、on,theday after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:be going to + do ; will+ do.三、否定句:在be 动词( am, is, are )后加 not 或 will 后加 not 成 wont。例如: I mgoing to have a picnicthis afternoon. I mnot going to have a picnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句:be 或 will 提到句首, some 改为 any, and 改为 or ,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go on an outing t
27、his weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。 Who例如: I m going to New York soon. Who s going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。 Whatdo.例如:My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is your fathergoing to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么
28、时候。When.例如: She s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句:be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天) . = I will goswimming tomorrow.七、 be going to 和 will的区别be going to 和 will的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,但它们的用法是有区别的。1. be going to 主要用于:(1) 、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。What are you going
29、 to do today?今天你们打算做什么?Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。I m going to play the violin.我打算拉小提琴。She s going to play the piano.她打算弹钢琴。(2) 、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。e.g.Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a
30、 cold.恐怕我要患重感冒。2. will 主要用于在以下几个方面:(1) 、表示单纯的未来 “将要 ”通用各个人称。e.g. They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去工厂参观。I ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Y ang Ling.我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。(2) 、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。e.g. Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday.今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。He will be thirty years o
31、ld this time next year.明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。(3) 、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令.e.g.Will you please turn on the radio?请打开收音机好吗?C) 现在进行时构成 : 主语 +be+动词 ing 现在分词形式第一人称 + am + v-ing第二人称 + are + v-ing第三人称 + is +v-ing现在进行时的基本用法:a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is wr
32、iting another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week. (已经安排了) were flying to Paris tomorrow.( 票已经拿到了)d.有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态)(1) 表示知道或了解的动词 :believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand(2) 表示 “看起来 ”“看上去 appear, resemble, seem(3) 表示喜爱或不喜爱 hate, like, lover, prefer(4) 表示构成或来源的动词be, come, from, contain, include(5) 表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste(6) 表示拥有的动词 belong to, need, own, possess, want, wish