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1、直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）一直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。He said, “ I m a student（.直接”引语） He saidthat he was a student.（间接引语）主句从句主句从句二当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语 ，连接词，语序的变化 .（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。引号内的第一人称变间引后与主一随主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第
2、二人称变间引后与二随宾主 句宾语的人称保 持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去三不用变人 称不变He says,”I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much .He said to Lily, “ you must get up early ” He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me ,“ They want to help him ” She told me that they wanted help him（二）时态变化宾语从句时态变化规则： 主现
3、从不限；主过从四过 （即 4 种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.主句的时态从句的时态例句一般现在
4、时所需的任何时态He says,”he likes math very much .He says He says that he likes math very much直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时He said, he“ is a student. ” He said that he was a student一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时He said,“he is reading.” He said that he was readingHe said一般将来时过去将来时He said,“he will go home ” He said that he would go ho
5、me一般过去时过去完成时He said，“he went home ” He said that he had gone home现在完成时过去完成时He said，“he has gone home” He said that he had gone home过去完成时过去完成时He said，“ he had gone home” He said that he had gone home(三 )时间状语变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis weekthat week时间状语yes
6、terdaythe day beforelast weekthe week beforethree days agothree days beforetomorrowthe next day/ the following daynext weekthe next week/ the following week地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake (四 ) 连接词1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that 或将 that 省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if 或 whether。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择 what,when,where,which,wh
7、o,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。注意：当 who 为主语时，句式为： who+ 谓语 +其他直接引语连接词例句注意事项that陈述句（常省略）一般疑问句if/ whether .He said to me,“ you can help her.1. 连”接词： that He said to me ( that ) I could help her.2.引述动词said, said to sbtold sb, 等He asked her,“ Do you love me?”1.改为 “陈述语序 ”。 He asked her whether she loved him.2.引述动词ask
8、ed“是否”特殊疑问词：what, who,特殊疑问句why,how, which,whenHe asked his wife,“ How are you? He asked his wife how she was.He asked me, “ What color do you like? He asked me what color I liked.3.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Can 位置”1.改为 “陈述语序 ”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 ”Are, Is, Will, Can 位置肯ask(tell)sb.定to do sth
9、祈使句否ask(tell)sb.定not to do sth.He shouted,“ Lily, Close the door.1.”不用连接词 He told Lily to close the door.2.不改变时态。He said to me,“ Don t be late.3.无须考虑语序” He asked me not to be late.注意：1. 语序不变的有：What the matter with you?What swrong with you?但 What s the trouble with you? 的语序要变1）从句中有or / or not。例： she
10、askswhetherhe stayed 。2.只用whether2）与不定式to do 连用。例： I cantdecide whether to tell him the news3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house用法是有区别的，但当if/whether 同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether 3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词 +主语 +谓语 +其它。或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语 +其它 。陈述语序中：be 动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例： 1） ca
11、n you tell me where is the hospital 错(）can you tell me where the hospital is.对(）2） I dontknow whether does he speak Chinese错(）I dontknow whether he speaks Chinese对(）3） I am not sure what can he do 错(）I am not sure what he can do 对(）中考考点：时态、语序、连接词练习题一、填空，每空一 词：1.“ I am having supper,”. he saidHe said
12、 that _ having supper.2.“ I ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.3. “ I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4.The teacher said,“ The sun is bigger than the moon.The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5.“ I met her y
13、esterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “ You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7.“ I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.”She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “ Did you read the book last week?” he said.He
14、 _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said,“ You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked,“ How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “ Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.12“ Do you know where she lives?” he asked.H
15、e asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “ Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “ Don t look out of thewindow, ” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window.15. “ Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.二、选择：1.Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to sc
16、hool.A. bringB. broughtC. bringD. to bring2.The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not playB. not to playC. playedD. playing3._ Tom didn t go to school?A. Do you know howB. Why do you knowC. How you know whyD. Do you know why4.She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prev
17、ents her from being as happy as before?A. what it isB. it is whatC. how it isD. it is how5.Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to comeB. not to goC. to not comeD. to not go6.The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goesB. that the moon wentC
18、. whether the moon goesD. whether the moon went7.Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; takeB. asked; takingC. told; takeD. told; to take8.She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is thisD. whose dictionary that is9. Mary s mother asked
19、 her _.A. that whether she had finished her homeworkB. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homeworkD. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doingB. what he doingC. what he is doingD. what does he do now11. I don t know _ to learn English.A. when
20、did he beginB. when he began12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrowB. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrowD. what would the weather be like the next day13. You can t imagine _ when theyivrecedthese nice Spring Festival presents.A. h
21、ow excited they wereB. how excited were theyC. how they were excitedD. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen offB. have seen offC. have been seen offD. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you beenB. did you
22、goC. have you beenD. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that manB. who that man isC. whom that man isD. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language areB. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign l
23、anguage isD. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; hadB. was; had hadC. is; haveD. is; have had19.The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or notB. if; notC. whether; or notD. whether; not20.I wonder how m
24、uch _.A. does he spend on his carB. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his carD. he spent in his car答案一、 填空1. he, was。在直接引 语变为间 接引语时 ，代词 I 要变为 he；主句 为过 去时态 ，宾语从 句通常要 将时态 往后推一个，即 现在进行时 am having 变为过 去进行时 was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引 语中的 said to sb 在变为间 接引 语时应 改为 told sb；现在完成 时 have seen改为过 去完
25、成 时 had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引 语变为间 接引 语时 ，人 称代词 I 应变为 she；一般 过去时 went 改为过 去完成 时 had gone。4. is。直接引 语变为间 接引 语时 ，若直接引 语为 客观真 理，则变为间 接引 语时时态 不变 。5. had, before。直接引 语是一般 过去时 met，变为间 接引语时应 改为过 去完成 时 had met；时间状语 yesterday应改为 the day before6. had, there。如直接引 语中的 谓语动词 含有情 态动词 must，变为间 接引 语时用 had to；地点
26、 状语 here 相应地改 为 there。7. had, before。直接引 语是一般 过去时 bought，变为间 接引语时应 改为过 去完成 时 had bought；时间状语 twoweeks ago 应改为 two weeks before 。8. asked, if (whether), before。 当直接引 语是一般疑 问句， 变为间 接引 语时 said 应改为 asked，然后加上 连接词 if 或 whether ；时间状语 last week 改为 the week before。9. told, could 。根据句意第一空应用动词 told ；直接引 语中含有情
27、 态动词 can，变为间 接引语时应 改为 could 。10. how, she, had。如果直接引 语是特殊疑 问句， 变为间 接引 语时 仍用 how 引导，疑 问句语序改 为陈述句 语序，一般 过去时改为过 去将来时 。11. where, I, had, those 。直接引 语是特殊疑 问句，变为间 接引 语时仍用 where 引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，现在完成 时改为过 去完成 时，指示代 词 these 相应地变为 those。12. if (whether), I, lived 。直接引 语是一般疑 问句， 变为间 接引 语时应 用 if 或 whether 引导，人
28、 称 you 和动词时态 lives 也相 应地变为 I 和 lived13. told, to, keep 。如直接引 语为 肯定的祈使句 时，在变为间 接引 语时 ，可使用 ask tell, order sb to do sth 这一结构进 行转换 。14. not, to, look 。如直接引 语为 否定的祈使句 时，在 变为间 接引 语时，可使用 ask tell, order sb not to do sth 这一结构进 行转换。15. asked, if (whether), that asked；再用 if 或 whether 二、选择 答案。根据所 给的句子，直接引 语是一般疑 问句，变为间 接引语时 ，主句 谓语动词应 用引导宾语从 句，批示代 词 this 相应地变为 that。1 5DBDAB;6 10CDBCC ； 11 15BBAAD ； 16 20BCACC